Breathing mechanism Flashcards
Airflow humans
Nostrils - nasal cavity - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchus -Bronchiole- Alveolus - Alveoli
Inhalation for human
External intercostal muscles contract while internal intercostal muscle relax
ribcage moves upwards and outwards
Diaphragm muscles contract
Diaphragm moves downwards and become flat and horizontal
Volume of thorax cavity to increase and pressure of thorax cavity decrease
higher atmospheric pressure from outside forces air into lung
Exhalation in humans
External intercostal muscle relax internal intercostal muscle contract.
Ribcage move inward and downwards
Diaphragm muscles relax curves upwards to form dome
Volume of thorax cavity reduce pressure increase
Air pushed out of lungs
Inhalation of insects
abdominal muscles relax reducing air pressure in trachea
air enters trachea thru spiracle
exhalation insects
abdominal muscles contract increasing air pressure in trachea and forces air out of spiracle
Inhalation frogs
mouth and glottis close and floor of buccopharyngeal cavity is lowered
Low are pressure in mouth cavity draws air into buccopharyngeal cavity through nostrils
Glottis opens and nostrils close
Buccopharyngeal cavity is raised
Increased air pressure pushes air into lungs
Exhalation frog and helped by
Lung contracts and expels air
helped by abdominal pressure and elasticity of lung
some air is expelled through nostrils while the rest is mixed with air in buccopharyngeal cavity
Inhalation fish
mouth open buccal cavity is lowered
Opercular cavity enlarge and operculum opening is closed
Reduces pressure in buccal cavity
Water from outside with dissolved oxygen enter mouth
Exhalation fish
mouth closed and floor of buccal cavity raise
water enters between gill lamella
Gaseous exchange between blood and water occurs through diffusion
Operculum muscle relaxes and opercular cavity become smaller
Operculum opening is opened
Pressure in buccal cavity becomes higher than outside
Water flow through the operculum opening
