Breathing & Respiration Flashcards
(16 cards)
What happens to the body during inhalation?
- Rib cage expands as rib muscles contract
- Diaphragm contracts (moves down)
- Increased volume of thorax reduces air pressure
- due to reduced air pressure, air moves in
What happens to the body during exhalation?
- Rib cage gets smaller as rib muscles relax
- Diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
- Decreased volume of thorax increases air pressure
- due to increased air pressure, air moves out
What is the difference between Respiration & Breathing?
Respiration - the use of oxygen in cell processes and the production of carbon dioxide
Breathing - Moving air into and out of the lungs, also called ventilation
What is gas exchange?
The diffusion of carbon dioxide out of lungs and the diffusion of oxygen from the lungs into the blood.
Name the adaptations of alveoli.
- large surface area
- small air sacs each coated in a network of tiny blood vesselsf
- millions of alveoli; more surface area
- thin walls; short diffusion distance
- permeable walls; allow for gas exchange
- highly vascular (good blood supply)
- moist walls; helps gases to dissolve
What is aerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases chemical energy in glucose using oxygen.
Find definition of each lung volume.
Tidal Volume:
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
Vital Capacity:
Residual Volume:
Total Lung Capacity:
Minute Ventilation:
Definitions:
- amount of air per breath
- maximum amount inspired
- maximum amount expired
- ERV after IRV
- volume left after Vital Capacity
- Vital capacity and residual volumee
- amount of air breathed in or out per minute
What is a spirometer?
An instrument used to measure the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs. It creates a trace when used.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ ATP)
How does air (oxygen/carbon dioxide) travel through the respiratory system?
- We breathe in air, which goes down the trachea.
- The air continues from the trachea to the two bronchi, and then to the smaller bronchioles.
- At the end of the bronchioles, there are the alveoli.
- In the alveoli, the oxygen from the air diffuses into the haemoglobin in the bloodstream.
- Around the body, cells create carbon dioxide from respiration. The carbon dioxide is transferred back to the alveoli by the bloodstream. We then breathe it out.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose -> lactic acid (+ ATP)
How does the tar produced when smoking affect the lungs?
Tar is a sticky, brown substance that coats the surface of cilia and makes them non-functional. It causes the smoker’s cough.
How does carbon monoxide and nicotine in smoking affect the body?
Nicotine: an addictive drug that affects the central nervous system, increases heart rate, narrows blood vessels. It can lead to heart disease.
Carbon monoxide: a poisonous gas that combines with haemoglobin preventing oxygen from combining with it.
What is Emphysema?
Alveoli become ‘fused’ together if there are constant infections. This reduces surface area for gas exchange, it makes sufferers breathe more rapidly.
