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YR8 Science > Breathing, respiration and Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Breathing, respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the reaction with oxygen and glucose to make energy and the process of carrying the oxygen and other gases.

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2
Q

What is breathing?

A

Breathing is the intake of oxygen and the outtake of unusable gases.

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3
Q

What is Aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration is respiration with oxygen.

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4
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen.

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5
Q

What becomes when glucose and oxygen react together?

A

Carbon dioxide, water and energy.

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6
Q

What are the two things that react together to make energy in the cells?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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7
Q

What do seeds need to survive and grow?

A

Water, glucose, good soil, sunlight and warmth.

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8
Q

Name three things that we need energy for?

A

Movement
Growth
Metabolism

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9
Q

What is combustion?

A

It is the reacting of oxygen and glucose and its results in the cell

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10
Q

What is the type of the test and its results that there is carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater, if the limewater turns cloudy it has Carbon dioxide.

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11
Q

What type of test and its result is for water?

A

Cobalt chloride paper, if it turns blue to pink it has water.

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12
Q

What type of test and its result is for hydrogen?

A

Squeaky pop, the sound comes ‘pop’.

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13
Q

What are the four things that an alveoli have to make its job efficient?

A

Enormous surface area
Moist lining so diffusion is easier
very thin walls
very good blood supply

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14
Q

What percentage of nitrogen is in the air?

A

78%

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15
Q

What percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere?

A

21%

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16
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere?

A

0.04%

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17
Q

Why do plants need sugar?

A

need for respiration

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18
Q

Why do plants need mineral ions?

A

growth, production of protein and for other molecules in the cell.

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19
Q

Why do plants need water?

A

for the production of glucose

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20
Q

How are Ions transported and where to where?

A

Ions are transported by diffusion and active transport. IIons travel up in the xylem in the roots to the leaves( in one direction)

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21
Q

How is water transported

A

Water travels by osmosis from the soil to the roots and is taken up by the transportation stream.

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22
Q

Describe 3 things of Xylem.

A

Transports nutrients and minerals
Is made of dead cells
Moves substances in one direction( from the roots to the leaves)

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23
Q

Describe 3 things about the phloem.

A

transports sugars
Is made up of living cells
moves substances from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.

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24
Q

How and what are the dead cells in the xylem arranged to form?

A

Are arranged end to end to form continuous vessels( tubes)

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25
Q

Does the Xylem vessels contain chloroplast?

A

No

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26
Q

Do the Xylem vessels allow water?

A

No

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27
Q

What material are the xylem vessels’ walls made out of?

A

A woody material

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28
Q

Are the Xylem vessels’walls tough or week?

A

Tough

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29
Q

What do phloem vessels contain?

A

Amino acids

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30
Q

How does amino acid travel in the phloem?

A

travels through holes from one cell to the next.

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31
Q

What does the phloem transport?

A

sucrose and amino acids up and down the plant.

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32
Q

What is called ‘ sucrose and amino acids travelling up and down the plant’

A

Translocation

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33
Q

Translocation

A

’ sucrose and amino acids travelling up and down the plant’

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34
Q

Where does translocation occur?

A

Between where the substances are made and where they are stored

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35
Q

from where to where is sucrose transported?

A

from the roots to the leaves

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36
Q

What also moves through the plants other than sucrose and amino acids by translocation.

A

pesticides

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37
Q

Transpiration

A

plants losing water through evaporation

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38
Q

plants losing water through evaporation

A

Transpiration

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39
Q

What is a consequence of transpiration?

A

more water to be drawn up from the roots to the leaves to replace the water that has been lost.

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40
Q

How does water move through the xylem vessels?

A

By the transportation pull and transportation stream.

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41
Q

How do sugars move around the plant in the phloem vessels?

A

By active transport and translocation.

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42
Q

Active transport

A

Transport that needs extra energy other than the energy in the particle itself.

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43
Q

Glucose is made during which process?

A

photosynthesis

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44
Q

What does glucose change into before its transported in the phloem?

A

Sucrose

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45
Q

What are the names of the two types of cell that are needed to make the phloem tissue?

A

Sieve tube cells and companion cells.

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46
Q

State the function of the epidermis?

A

to trap sunlight, cover and protect the plant.

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47
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll tissue?

A

Contains chloroplast for photosynthesis.

48
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll tissue?

A

To provide air space for the diffusion of gases.

49
Q

What does the xylem transport?

A

water and dissolved minerals

50
Q

What is a feature of a meristem cell?

A

it can differentiate to any tissue the plant needs

51
Q

Name some of the tissues plant organs are made out of.

A

xylem, phloem, palisade mesophyll etc.

52
Q

Name three organs and describe their organ system.

A

roots, stem and leaves are of the transport organ system.

53
Q

Why is meristem cell found at the roots and shoots of the plant?

A

Because this are the areas the plant will be growing.

54
Q

What is the function of the epidermis

A

secretes a waxy substance that waterproofs the surface of the leaf and absorbs sunlight and protects.

55
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll?

A

where diffusion happens ad has a big space and contains some chloroplasts

56
Q

What is the function of the stomata?

A

Controlled by the guard cells, pores allow gases and water to move in and out of the leaf.

57
Q

What is the vascular bundle made out of?

A

Xylem and phloem

58
Q

What is the function of the vascular bundle?

A

water and mineral ions run through it.

59
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll?

A

it’s where photosynthesis happens so it contains lots of chloroplasts.

60
Q

What is protein broken down into?

A

amino acids

61
Q

Leaves

A

This structure is the site of photosynthesis in the plant.

62
Q

This structure is the site of photosynthesis in the plant.

A

Leaves

63
Q

Root

A

this structure is made to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.

64
Q

this structure is made to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.

A

Root

65
Q

Stem

A

This structure is made to support the leaves and flowers of the planet.

66
Q

This structure is made to support the leaves and flowers of the planet.

A

Stem

67
Q

How does carbon dioxide end in our bodies?

A

because of the reaction of oxygen and glucose makes carbon dioxide

68
Q

Which two muscles control breathing?

A

diagram and intercostal muscle

69
Q

Inhalation

A

taking in gases

70
Q

taking in gases

A

Inhalation

71
Q

exhalation

A

outtake of gases

72
Q

outtake of gases

A

exhalation

73
Q

Which gas passe from the alveoli to the capillaries?

A

Oxygen

74
Q

How much energy does aerobic respiration make?

A

a lot

75
Q

How much energy does anaerobic respiration make?

A

some

76
Q

What is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose (arrow) lactic acid+energy

77
Q

what are the reactants in aerobic respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen

78
Q

what are the products in aerobic respiration?

A

water, carbon dioxide and energy

79
Q

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

when there is no oxygen available but there is a need of energy

80
Q

Why in anaerobic respiration little energy is released?

A

because not all energy is released by the glucose molecule.

81
Q

Is lactic acid toxic?

A

yes

82
Q

what does the person need to do to get rid of lactic acid?

A

breathe

83
Q

Oxygen debt

A

you have to keep breathing hard for a while after you stop to get oxygen to your muscles so you can get rid of the painful lactic acid which has turned into carbon dioxide and water.

84
Q

you have to keep breathing hard for a while after you stop to get oxygen to your muscles so you can get rid of the painful lactic acid which has turned into carbon dioxide and water.

A

Oxygen debt

85
Q

Where does glucose come in the plant?

A

from photosynthesis

86
Q

what does glucose turn into?

A

sucrose

87
Q

where does sucrose go to?

A

to the phloem vessels

88
Q

why does sucrose go to the phloem vessels?

A

because they have to be transported to every cell in the plant.

89
Q

sources

A

where sucrose is created

90
Q

where sucrose is created

A

sources

91
Q

the sinks

A

where sucrose is delivered

92
Q

where sucrose is delivered

A

the sinks

93
Q

why does sucrose use active transport

A

because it moves against its concentration gradient: from low concentration where is made to a high concentration in the phloem

94
Q

what is the function of the companion cells?

A

provides sieve tube cells for the energy they need for active transport.

95
Q

what travels through the sieve tube cells?

A

sap

96
Q

where is fewer stomata on the upper or lower epidermis

A

on the lower

97
Q

why is there fewer stomata on the lower epidermis?

A

because on the lower part there is less heat so it will minimise water loss.

98
Q

How will higher temperature affect the stomata

A

there will be more stomata as there is more heat and more water would be lost

99
Q

what are plants and algae called

A

producers

100
Q

why are plants and algae called producers

A

because they make their own food

101
Q

what is the word formula for photosynthesis

A

Carbon Dioxide+ water->(on the arrow light energy) glucose+ oxygen

102
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the act of plants making glucose and oxygen

103
Q

chlorophyll

A

found in the chloroplast and traps sunlight. Also gives the colour green

104
Q

Rate

A

the rate of anything, how quickly it happens

105
Q

What are the four things plants use glucose for?

A

synthesis(growth)
storage
respiration
cellulose

106
Q

Synthesis

A

glucose combines with minerals from the soil to make compounds
nitrogen and glucose the materials for proteins, which is essential for growth
magnesium combines with glucose to make chlorophyll

107
Q

Storage

A

glucose that is not immeadetly used is turned into insoluble starch and turned into a storage

108
Q

Respiration

A

A process used by all living cells to release energy and makes the molecules required for growth

109
Q

Cellulose

A

cellulose is a very tough fibrous carbohydrate material. Hundreds of glucose molecules join together to make cellulose. It is used to make cell walls, which support the plant.

110
Q

What is the cuticle made out of?

A

waxy substance

111
Q

what does the rate of photosynthesis depend on?

A

on how easily it gets the components

112
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, temperature and water.

113
Q

Is chlorophyll a protrein

A

yes

114
Q

what are proteins sensitive to

A

temperature and PH

115
Q

If the plant doesn’t get any glucose it will…

A

use the starch in the storage

YR8 Science (7 decks)

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