Breedlove Basic Anatomy Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is the difference between Golgi and Nissl stains?
Golgi stains fill the whole cell, while Nissl stains outline the cell body
Explain retrograde labeling and what Horseradish has to do with it.
Retrograde Labeling determines the origin cells of a set of axons / axon terminals. For this Horseradish Peroxidase (an enzyme) is injected into the nervous system and any axons that have their terminals here, will transport is back to the cell body. This can be made visible using chemicals
How is the brain seen in a Midsagittal view?
Cut in half, from the side
How is the brain seen in a basal view?
From below
What is a sulcus?
Valley
What is a gyrus?
Hill
What are the four lobes?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
The fissure, that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe is called the…
Central sulcus
The pre and post-central gyri are located … and … the … and are central for … and …
In front of; behind; central sulcus; somatosensory information; motor control
The two hemispheres are interconnected by a large axon structure called the …
Corpus callosum
Why is the white matter white?
Because of the Myelin surrounding the axons
Scientific terms for front and back:
Anterior and posterior
Describe the coronal plane.
Front/back view of the brain cut in a vertical plane from left to right
Name and explain the central terms for orientation in the brain. (8)
Medial – towards the middle Lateral – towards the sides Ipsilateral – on the same side Contralateral – on the other side Anterior/rostral – front end Posterior/caudal – tail end Dorsal – at the back (the top in humans and other animals standing upright) Ventral – toward the bottom of the brain
Referring to the direction of nerves, there are the two terms…
Afferent – going into the region of interest
Efferent – going away from the region of interest
Gray matter is dominated by…
cell bodies and dendrites without myelin
What is the structure of the CNS in embryos?
- Neural Tube
- Walls are made out of cells, inside is filled with fluid
Name the three main divisions of the brain (and their technical terms), which emerge first in development
- Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
- Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
- Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
The Telencephalon will at some point give rise to the ….
cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
The Diencephalon includes …
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
The Telencephalon and the Diencephalon are both part of what was before the…
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
The Hindbrain’s two subparts are called:
Metencephalon, Myelencephalon
What does the Metencephalon develop into?
Cerebellum, Pons
The Myelencephalon is more commonly called the…
Medulla
