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CVA106 > Bricks and Blocks > Flashcards

Bricks and Blocks Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 materials that bricks can be made from

A

Clay or Calcium Silicate

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2
Q

What is the standard size of a brick

A

215 x 102.5 x 65 mm

Laid with a nominal 10mm mortar joint

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3
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bricks

A
  • Solid
  • Frogged
  • Perforated
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4
Q

What are the 3 brick types and describe them

A
  1. Common, these are generally used on the inside of buildings
  2. Facing, used on the outside as made to look nice on one face through textures and colouring
  3. Engineering, strong and dense- these have a lower water absorption and therefore are used near the bottom
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5
Q

Describe the process of making Clay bricks

A
  1. Prepared by winning (extracting from a quarry) clay from the ground
  2. Clay is ground down and water is added
  3. Mixing
  4. Shaping by extrusion, clay loaded into an extruder in a vacuum chamber
  5. Drying, 1 day at 110 C removes water
  6. Firing, 3 days at 1050 C particles fused together
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6
Q

Describe the process of making calcium silicate bricks

A
  1. Winning sand or crushed flint
  2. Mixing with lime
  3. Pressing
  4. Autoclaving, high pressure steam 170 C
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7
Q

Testing:Compressive strength is given as a mean of how many bricks

A

10

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8
Q

Testing: Dimensions of a brick are given as a mean of how many specimens

A

24 placed end to end

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9
Q

What is mortar

A

It is a gap filling glue. It distributes loads between separate walling components so they act as a unit

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10
Q

What is mortar made from

A

Normally from sand and binder, in the ratio 3 parts sand to 1 part binder. The binder is generally cement and/or lime

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11
Q

Properties of mortar

A
  • Good Plasticity
  • Able to retain its water against the suction of the bricks against which its being laid
  • Mix shouldn’t separate
  • Once hardened should exhibit similar moisture and thermal properties to the bricks its laid on
  • Once laid should develop its strength quickly
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12
Q

If the ratio of cement in the mortar increases how do the properties of mortar change

A
  • Strength increase
  • Quicker stiffness
  • Greater frost resistance
  • Less risk of sulphate attack
  • Less risk of rain through the mortar
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13
Q

If the ratio of lime in the mortar increases how do the properties of mortar change

A

-More working time
-Greater workability
-Greater flexibility
Less rain through joints

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14
Q

What percentage of a wall is brick and what percentage is mortar

A

88% brick 12% mortar

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15
Q

What are the 3 different ways brickwork can be constructed

A
  1. Stretcher- all bricks laid length ways
  2. English- one row all length ways, the next all width ways
  3. Flemish- Alternate between length and width
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16
Q

What are cavity walls

A

A wall formed from2 thicknesses of brickwork with a space between them

17
Q

Why are cavity walls sometimes used

A

Damp penetration and Insulation

18
Q

Desirable properties of brickwork

A

Thermal Insulation

  • Sound Insulation
  • Resistance to fire
19
Q

What are the 4 problems with brickwork

A
  1. Efflorescence
  2. Sulphate Attack
  3. Frost Attack
  4. Water Ingress
20
Q

What is Efflorescence

A

Water dissolves salt in brick, causing it to migrate to the surface, when the water evaporates it leaves salt as a surface deposit

21
Q

What is sulphate attack

A

Water dissolves soluble sulphates in the brick, the solution then migrates to the mortar. The sulphates attack the tri-calcium aluminate in the mortar, causing it to expand and crumble

22
Q

What is frost attack

A

Bricks absorb water and then freeze, as it freezes it expands and forces off the surface of the brick

23
Q

How can water ingress be prevented

A

Using Damp Proof Course (DPCs), engineering blocks

or Damp Proof Membranes (DPMs) polythene sheets of coping stones

24
Q

Difference between jointing and pointing brickwork

A

Jointing is the operation of making and finishing the joints between bricks, whereas pointing is the process of raking out the exposed jointing of brickwork and refilling

25
Q

Different types of pointing

A
  1. Flush
  2. Bucket Handle
  3. Weather Struck
  4. recessed
  5. Weather struck and cut
26
Q

Comparison of concrete blocks to bricks

A

Blocks are lighter, cheaper and faster to build with. Blocks are generally 3 or 4 times the length and twice the height of a brick

27
Q

What are concrete blocks made from

A

Clay, concrete or aerated concrete

28
Q

What does AAC stand for and what is it

A

Autoclaved aerated Concrete, these are lightweight blocks made from aluminium powder which generates air bubbles when the blocks are autoclaved

29
Q

Stone walls where the outer blocks are cut accurately to size and positioned with small, precise mortar joints are known as

A

Ashlar Walls

CVA106 (9 decks)

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