BRIEF HISTORY AND NATURE OF DANCE Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Dance differs from athletics or other daily activities because it focuses primarily on “aesthetics or even entertaining experience”. Who was this quoted from?
A
MYERS, 2005
2
Q
It provided a variety of functions throughout history due to its multidimensionality.
A
DANCE
3
Q
The ancient _________ also thought highly of dance.
A
GREEKS
4
Q
For them, it was closely related to other kinds of experiences.
A
ANCIENT GREEKS
5
Q
It was not just for religious and military training, but also a form of entertainment and display.
A
ANCIENT GREEKS
6
Q
Dance was also commonly used in ________. _______ _______ such as Plato, ________, and Socrates strongly supported of this art as an ________ of body and _______.
A
EDUCATION; GREEK PHILOSOPHERS; ARISTOTLE; INTEGRATION; SOUL
7
Q
The ancient __________, on the other hand, gave less importance to dancing.
A
ANCIENT ROME
8
Q
It stopped valuing such qualities in art as the nation grew wealthy and powerful.
A
ANCIENT ROME
9
Q
The development of the ______ ______ in Europe following the fall of Rome transformed the history of dance. The _____ ______ approved the use of dance, provided that its form and intent were holy and _____. Dances then became part of worships and church services.
A
CATHOLIC CHURCH; CHRISTIAN FATHERS; PROFOUND
10
Q
Although the Church had condemned dance as entertainment, some singers, dancers, poets, actors, and musicians continued to wander during the _______ and ______ _______ ______. They performed in village squares, and this marked the beginning of _______ dancing.
A
DARK; EARLY MIDDLE AGES; SOCIAL
11
Q
“Dance is fun! It lifts the spirit, strengthens the body and stimulates the mind”
A
WAYNE SLEEP (1986)
12
Q
What did Wayne Sleep say about dance in 1986?
A
“DANCE IS FUN! IT LIFTS THE SPIRIT, STRENGTHENS THE BODY AND STIMULATES THE MIND”
13
Q
What are the PHYSICAL BENEFITS of Dancing?
A
- DEVELOPS CARDIOVASCUALR ENDURANCE.
- IMPROVES YOUR CONDITION, BALANCE, FLECOBILITY AND BODY COMPOSITION.
- LOWER RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.
- LOWER BODY MASS INDEX.
14
Q
What are the MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL BENEFITS OF DANCING?
A
- HELPS KEEP THE BRAIN SHARP.
- DECREASES INCIDENCE OF DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASES.
- DECREASE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS.
- INCREASES SELF-ESTEEM AND IMPROVES BODY IMAGE.
- AIDS IN RELEASING EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL TENSION.
15
Q
What are the SOCIAL BENEFITS of dancing?
A
- GIVES A SENSE OF TOGETHERNESS WITHIN THE GROUP.
- ENCOURAGES POSITIVE SOCIAL INTERACTION AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP IN A GROUP.
- CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDIVIDUAL’S POTENTIAL FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION IN SOCIETY.
16
Q
What are the CULTURAL BENEFITS of DANCING?
A
- Promotes Cultural Values.
- Showcasing the different social dances.
17
Q
ELEMENTS OF DANCE
Who was this quoted from?
“The human body is living in time and space, and it exhibits effort. Thus, all movements occur in time, through space, and with effort.”
A
Schrader, 1996
18
Q
Since dance entails a lot of movements, it uses the very same elements, ______, ______, and ______. These elements are beneficial to anyone interested in _________, analyzing, or _______ a movement.
A
SPACE;TIME;ENERGY;RECOGNIZING;CREATING
19
Q
What are the four (4) elements of dance?
A
SPACE;TIME;ENERGY;BODY
20
Q
This element is the are that performers occupy and where they move. It can be divided into FOUR DIFFERENT ASPECTS, also know as _______ _________.
A
SPACE; SPATIAL ELEMENTS
21
Q
SPACE
- A spatial element. The performers can go forward, side, backward, diagonal, circular and so on. They may also face any direction while executing a single movement or several phrases.
A
DIRECTION
22
Q
SPACE
- a spatial element.
- Movements can be varied by doing larger or smaller actions.
A
SIZE
23
Q
SPACE
- a spatial element
- movements can be done at a HIGH, MEDIUM, OR LOW LEVEL.
A
LEVEL
24
Q
SPACE
- a spatial element.
- performers may change their focus by looking indifferent directions.
A
FOCUS
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Directions in dancing,
FORWARD;BACKWARD;SIDE;DIAGONAL;CIRCULAR
26
What element is this and fill in the blanks:
The movement in timing may be executed in varying ________ (_______).
TIME; TEMPO (SPEED)
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ELEMENT: TIME
The performers move with the tempo of an underlying sound, known as ______ or _______.
BEAT OR PULSE
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ELEMENT: TIME
The timing can be varied by moving faster or slower than the normal beat. When a sequence of a movement or group of phrases is done in varying tempos, they generate _________ _________. The addition of _______ or _________ also adds to rhythmic patterns.
RHYTHMIC PATTERS; SILENCES OR PAUSES
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WHAT ELEMENT OF DANCE?
The movement here propelled by energy or force. A force can either initiate or stop an action. Dance uses different energies and varied use of these minimizes the monotony of the movement in a performance.
ENERGY
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ELEMENT: ENERGY
A force can either ______ or _______ an action.
INITIATE;STOP
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What are the SIX (6) QUALITIES OF DANCE ENERGIES?
1. SUSTAINED
2. PERCUSSIVE
3. VIBRATORY
4. SWINGING
5. SUSPENDED
6. COLLAPSING
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What quality of dance energies is this?
Movements are done SMOOTHLY, CONTINUOUSLY, and WITH FLOW and CONTROL.
SUSTAINED
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What quality of dance energies is this?
It does NOT HAVE a CLEAR BEGINNING OR ENDING.
SUSTAINED
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What quality of dance energies is this?
Movements are EXPLOSIVE OR SHARP in contrast with sustained movements.
PERCUSSIVE
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGY IS THIS?
They are accented with a THRUST of energy. They have a clear beginning and ending.
PERCUSSIVE
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Movements CONSIST of TREMBLING or SHAKING.
VIBRATORY
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
A faster version of percussive movements that produces a JITTERY EFFECT.
VIBRATORY
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Movements are traced a CURVED LINE or an ARC in space.
SWINGING
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Movements are RELAXED and GIVING IN to gravity in the DOWNWARD PART of the motion. followed by an UPWARD application of energy/
SWINGING
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Movements are PERCHED in space or HANGING in the air.
SUSPENDED
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Holding a raised leg in any direction is an example.
SUSPENDED
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
Movements are RELEASED in tension and gradually or abruptly giving in to gravity, letting the body descend to the floor.
COLLAPSING
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WHAT QUALITY OF DANCE ENERGIES IS THIS?
A slow collapse can be described as a MELTING or OOZING action in a downward direction.
COLLAPSING`
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WHAT ELEMENT OF DANCE IS THIS?
It refers to how the entire body is molded in space or the configuration of body parts.
BODY
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The body can be ______, _____, or a _________ of the two. Other body shapes can be wider to narrow and from high to low. They can be _______ or _______.
ROUNDED;ANGULAR;COMBINATION;SYMMETRICAL;ASYMMETRICAL.
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE
Who was this quoted from?
"A good dance displays a significant meaning or convey messages. Sometimes, it portrays life experience. Dance may be presented abstractly and symbolically but still convey emotion and meaning"
MCGREEVY-NICHOLS, ET AL. 2005
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE
This is the instrument by which ideas and elements are arranged or combined into a logical sequence which results in unity and consistency, and by means of which the content or idea can be expressed and communicated.
FORM; LOCKHART, 1982
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE
- is the smallest unit of form in the whole dance (Blom and Chaplin, 1988). It can be related to a sentence in writing compositions. Choreographers and dancers use movement phrasing when working on dances.
PHRASE
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF MUSIC
A good dance contains a ______ or ________ to be able to convey its meaning or intention to the audience.
THEME OR MOTIF
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE
- A dance without meaning makes it harder for the audience to understand; thus, making it superficial and easy to forget.
- One good example is the Itik-Itik Philippine folk dance. It is easy to identify the _______ of this dance as it simply portrays the movements of an itik (duckling).
MOTIF
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE: Characteristics of a Good Dance
This characteristic pertains to the interconnected phrases of the dance are coherent and flow smoothly together. The movements fit together, and each plays an important role that contributes to the entirety of a dance.
UNITY
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COMPOSITION AND APPRECIATION OF DANCE: Characteristics of a Good Dance
This characteristic pertains to the phrases of the dance are organized progressively, making each movement phrase move naturally into the next. There is a continuous development of the movement phrase, and the audience is swept along to the end.
CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT
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This characteristic pertains to phrases add excitement and flavor to the dance. Changing the direction, use of energy, and timing of a movement phrase, and avoiding repeating them in the exact ways to add variety to the dance. Examples of contrasting movements are slow to fast, short to long, and minimal to large movement phrases.
VARIETY AND CONTRAST
54
This characteristic pertains to the link between movements, phrases, and sections of the dance. It makes the logical progression of the dance flow smoothly. Also, it is vital because it keeps the unity and continuity of the dance.
TRANSITION
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This characteristic emphasizes movements and phrases that are important to the dance and gives a feeling of closure to a work (Minton, 2007).
REPETITION
56
This characteristic the apex of energy in the dance is reached (Schrader, 1996). It is similar to in a story where a series of events culminates.
CLIMAX
57
EVALUATING OF A GOOD DANCE: DANCE EVALUATORS
They will evaluate a part of an ongoing process of developing a personal style that is both spontaneous and organized.
CHOREOGRAPHERS
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EVALUATING OF A GOOD DANCE: DANCE EVALUATORS
They will evaluate according to the specific demands that the performance places on them.
DANCERS
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EVALUATING OF A GOOD DANCE: DANCE EVALUATORS
They will evaluate according to the particular context of the dance.
AUDIENCE
60
STAGES IN ASSESSING A DANCE (DANCE CRITIQUE)
DESCRIPTION -> INTERPRETATION -> EVALUATION
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STAGES IN ASSESING A DANCE (DANCE CRITIQUE)
WHAT STAGE IS THIS?
It involves close observation of all the elements, characteristics, and components of a dance as described in the previous sections of this lesson.
DESCRIPTION
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STAGES IN ASSESING A DANCE (DANCE CRITIQUE)
WHAT STAGE IS THIS?
It involves an appreciation of the ideas, content, images, and style contained within the dance.
INTERPRETATION
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STAGES IN ASSESING A DANCE (DANCE CRITIQUE)
WHAT STAGE IS THIS?
It takes into consideration how effective features (i.e., elements, characteristics) and the context of the dance have been utilized in the actual performance of the dancers to portray the content and the quality of the dance.
EVALUATION
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INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE
These are the indigenous dances of any "folk" or common people. They are traditional customary or recreational dance forms of a given county that have evolved naturally and were handed down across generations. They are also related to everything of importance in our daily lives, such as customs, rituals, and occupations of a specific group or people.
FOLK DANCES
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What are the CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE?
1. IT IS TRADITIONAL
2. IT HAS AN EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
3. SIMPLE, BASIC RHYTHM DOMINATES THE FOLK DANCEW AND ESBALISHES THE PATTERN OF MOVEMENT.
4. IT IS CREATED BY AN UNKNOWN CHOREOGRAPHER OR BY COMMUNAL EFFORTS
5. IT PERFROMS A FUNCTION IN THE LIFE OF THE FOLK (PEOPLE)
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Traditional dances found in a certain country.
FOLK DANCES
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Traditional folk dances but have a national scope. They are popular and widely danced throughout a given country, often with several regional variations.
NATIONAL DANCES
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Examples of National Folk Dances.
CARINOSA; CURACHA; PANDANGGO
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Dances performed in PRIMITIVE TRIBES and have retained their close KINSHIP with RELIGIOUS RITUAL communities and customs.
ETHNIC OR ETHNOLOGICAL DANCES
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Ethnic dances can be performed in THREE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES, namely:
RITUAL; LIFE CYCLE; OCCUPATIONAL
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What are examples of ethnic dances?
Dances originating from
IFUGAO - Northern Luzon
T'boli - Southern Mindanao
Tagbanwa Tribe - Palawan
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What are the different types of ethnic dances?
1. TRIBAL DANCES FROM THE CORDILLERAS
2. LOWLAND CHRISTIAN DANCES
3. MUSLIM DANCES
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It includes non-Christian dances from the Cordilleras.
TRIBAL DANCES FROM THE CORDILLERAS
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Dances coming from places with Western influences such as that of the Tagalogs, Ilokanos, Pampangueños, Pangasinense, Bisayans, and Bicolanas. These dances are influenced by Hispanic and European cultures.
LOWLAND CHRISTIAN DANCES
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Dances from the people of the Southern Islands of the Philippines such as Mindanao and Sulu. These dances are influenced by Arabic and Indo-Malayan cultures.
MUSLIM DANCES
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CATEGORIES OF PHILLIPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that serve as rituals as one passes to a different stage in life, such as birthing, courtship, wedding, and portrait.`
LIFE-CYCLE DANCES
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that are either religious or secular and relate to the celebration of recurring events of special significance.
FESTIVAL DANCE
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that depict the means of livelihood of the Filipino People.
OCCUPATIONAL DANCES
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances performed as part of the rituals and ceremonies of a certain tribe or group of people.
RITUALS AND CEREMONIAL DANCE
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Derivations from lokal folk games. One example is the Pukol Dance from Aklan and Capiz in the Panay Region.
GAME DANCES
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Means "to strike or bump each other" (Aquino, 1979)
PUKOL
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Include jokes or tricks played by a dancer on another or a group of dancers who is one of them. The intention is to render that individual " to a physical or mental indignity or discomfort" (Lopez, 2006)
JOKE AND TRICKSTER DANCE
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that mimic animals, inanimate objects, or other people. The Itik-itik dance from Surigao is an example of this dance as it imitates the movements of a duck.
MIMETIC OR DRAMA DANCES
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that express feud and enmity wherein two male dancers engage in physical combat with Spartan-like intensity (Lopez 2006). Maglalatik (Binan, Laguna) is an example of this dance as this depicts a battle between Muslims of Southern P[Philippines and the Christian-Filipinos of the lowlands over LATIK (the residue after coconut boils down)
WAR DANCES
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CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
Dances that express social graces, hospitality, and offerings of gifts to friends. All social ballroom dances and most of the "Filipinized" Western dances that show camaraderie and merriment belong to this group (Lopez, 2006)
SOCIAL AMENITIES DANCES
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WHAT ARE THE 9 CATEGORIES OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES?
1. LIFE-CYCLE DANCES
2. FESTIVAL DANCES
3. OCCUPATIONAL DANCES
4. RITUALS AND CEREMONIAL DANCES
5. GAME DANCES
5. JOKE AND TRICKSTER DANCES
6. MIMETIC OR DRAMA DANCES
7. WAR DANCES
9. SOCIAL AMENITIES DANCES
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WHAT ARE THE SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD DANCE?
1. UNITY
2. CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT
3. VARIETY AND CONTRAST
4. TRANSITION
5. REPETITION
6. CLIMAX
