BRIEF HISTORY OF NOTABLE PIONEERS

Question 1

it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man

Answer 1

ANIMISM

Question 2

theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system

Answer 2

DEMOCRITUS (GREEK PERIOD)

Question 3

Believed that the soul is distinct to man and it is God-given.

Answer 3

PLATO (428-347) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)

Question 4

3 DISTINCT ELEMENTS OF PLATO

Answer 4

1) ELEMENT OF REASON (MIND)
2) ELEMENT OF SPIRITED (HEART)
3) ELEMENT OF BODILY APPETITE AND DESIRES (DIAPHRAGM)

Question 5

Father of Psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining the behavior of man.

Answer 5

ARISTOTLE (383-322) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)

Question 6

3 FUNCTIONS OF THE SOUL BY ARISTOTLE

Answer 6

1) VEGETATIVE
2) APPETITIVE
3) RATIONAL

Question 7

Father of the Medicine. First theorized that mental disorders arose from natural sources. First to classify different mental disorders during the classical period.

Answer 7

HIPPOCRATES (GREEK PERIOD)

Question 8

Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors. Behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile

Answer 8

GALEN (GREEK PERIOD)

Question 9

YELLOW

Answer 9

CHEERFULNESS–SANGUINE

Question 10

RED

Answer 10

IRASCIBILITY–CHOLERIC

Question 11

GREEN

Answer 11

SLUGGISHNESS–PHLEGMATIC

Question 12

BLACK

Answer 12

SADNESS–MELANCHOLIC

Question 13

introduced the method of introspection (individual tries to describe his own conscious processes)

Answer 13

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)

Question 13

belief that when the body dies, the soul separates and becomes a spirit

Answer 13

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)

Question 14

often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his writing “Yucologia hoc est de hominis perfectione, anima, ortu

Answer 14

RUDOLF GOCKEL (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 15

first proposed that psychology should separate from philosophy and psychology should be treated as a natural science-NATURALISM

Answer 15

FRANCIS BACON (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 16

introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.

Answer 16

RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) PRE-MODERN PERIOD

Question 17

PHYSICAL OR MATERIAL ENTITY

Answer 17

BODY

Question 18

SPIRITUAL ENTITY

Answer 18

MIND

Question 19

discomforts/pains must be overcome

Answer 19

THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 20

Tabula Rasa- mind Blank tablet/slate- that gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his entire life.

Answer 20

JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 21

is the one responsible for making psychology as a science

Answer 21

JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART (1816)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 22

the idea of an individual becomes true only to himself because this is the level of knowledge that he believes in

Answer 22

GEORGE BERKELEY (1709)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 23

had his theory of reality

Answer 23

CHRISTIAN VON WOLFF
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 24

TWO PARTS OF REALITY

Answer 24

ONTOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS

Question 25

TREATS POSSIBLE THINGS

Answer 25

ONTOLOGY

Question 26

TREATS ACTUAL THINGS

Answer 26

METAPHYSICS

Question 27

3 SPECIAL SUBJECT OF THE UNIVERSE

Answer 27

THE UNIVERSE, SOUL, AND GOD

Question 28

gave the difference between impressions and ideas, between created images and direct sensation

Answer 28

DAVID HUME (1748) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 29

utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria, which evolved to hypnosis

Answer 29

FRANZ ANTON MESMER (1774) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 30

stated that the mind is not blank, but rather the mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences

Answer 30

IMMANUEL KANT (1782) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 31

made the theory of color vision

Answer 31

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1856) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 32

introduced the theory of evolution; introduced the concept of natural selection

Answer 32

CHARLES DARWIN (1859) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 33

had an insight that the law of the connection between the mind and the body can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensation and material stimulus

Answer 33

GUSTAV FECHNER (1860) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 34

observed that the persons who suffered from damage to a specific area of the brain's left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently

Answer 34

PAUL BROCA (1861) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 35

pioneered areas about the ideas that is necessary to be stimulated in order to be able to gain sensation

Answer 35

ERNST WEBER (1817) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 36

father of behavioral genetics

Answer 36

FRANCIS GALTON (1865) (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

Question 37

established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He is interested in studying mental life and conscious experience – how we form sensations, images, and feelings

Answer 37

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 38

founder of American Psychology, met with Wilhelm Wundt and went to publish a two-volume book entitled, Principles of Psychology

Answer 38

WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 39

first to formally describe bipolar behavior. “manic depressive”- explain how mania and depression both affect the patient

Answer 39

EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 40

Father of modern/scientific psychology- 1879

Answer 40

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 41

Father of Modern Psychiatry

Answer 41

EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 42

studied under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism

Answer 42

EDWARD BRAFFORD TITCHENER (1867-1927) (MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

Question 43

father of psychoanalysis, talk therapy

Answer 43

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

Question 44

developed his theory of the origin of neurosis

Answer 44

CARL JUNG

Question 45

conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence

Answer 45

ALFRED ADLER

Question 46

made a theory that human beings have the “basic need for love and security”. She stated that humans tend to feel anxious or agitated when they are alienated or isolated

Answer 46

KAREN HORNEY

Question 47

major contribution to psychology through the statistical evaluation of human behavior. Apart from correlational analysis, Pearson developed the chi-squared statistic with intellectual encouragement of Galton.

Answer 47

KARL PEARSON

Question 48

first systematic psychometrician” and father of classical test theory- pioneered the statistical technique called factor analysis and was able to discover a general factor(g) in correlations among mental tests.

Answer 48

CHARLES SPEARMAN

Question 49

developed the First Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test

Answer 49

ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON

Question 50

first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning

Answer 50

IVAN PAVLOV

Question 51

“father of educational psychology”

Answer 51

EDWARD THORNDIKE

Question 52

Operant Conditioning

Answer 52

B.F. SKINNER