Brief therapies

Question 1

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) focuses on the ________ that contribute to a client’s current symptoms. It’s based on ________ and views depression and other mental disorders as ________, and its primary goals are ________ and ________.

Answer 1

• interpersonal factors
• the medical model
• treatable medical illnesses
• symptom relief
• improved interpersonal functioning

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of Interpersonal therapy (IPT)?

Answer 2

1) the initial stage: the therapist determines the client’s diagnosis and the interpersonal context of the client’s symptoms.
2) the middle phase: the therapist uses a variety of strategies to address the problem area identified in the initial stage
3) the final stage: the therapist addresses issues related to termination and relapse prevention.

Question 3

According to practitioners of IPT, depression is associated with which problem areas?

Answer 3

• interpersonal role disputes
• interpersonal role transitions
• interpersonal deficits
• grief

Question 4

During the intial stage of IPT, clients are assigned ________ in order to allow them to be ill without blaming themselves for their symptoms and to view their illnesses as temporary and treatable.

Answer 4

the “sick role”

Question 5

What are some commonly used strategies in IPT?

Answer 5

• encouragement of affect
• role-playing
• communication analysis
• decision analysis

Question 6

Solution-focused therapists adopt a ________ and use several types of ________ to help clients identify ________ and ________ that will help them achieve those goals.

Answer 6

• goal-directed collaborative approach
• questions
• treatment goals
• personal strengths and resources

Question 7

What are the 3 types of questions used by solutions-focused therapists?

Answer 7

1) the miracle question
2) exception questions
3) scaling quetions

Question 8

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ is used to help establish the focus of treatment as the future (rather than the past or present) and identify treatment goals.

Answer 8

the miracle question

Question 9

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ are used to help clients identify times when their problems did not exist or were less intense.

Answer 9

Exception questions

Question 10

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ help clients evaluate their current status or their progress toward achieving their goals.

Answer 10

Scaling questions

Question 11

In solutions-focused therapy, each therapy session is ________ and involves ________, ________, and ________ before the next session.

Answer 11

• structured
• asking questions
• providing feedback
• assigning a task to complete

Question 12

The transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) integrates concepts and strategies from multiple therapeutic approaches and is based on the assumption that ________. It distinguishes between ________ stages of change, and the primary goal of the first five stages is ________.

Answer 12

• strategies are most effective when they match the person’s stage of change
• six
• to help the client advance to the next stage

Question 13

Clients in the precontemplation stage:

Answer 13

• have no intention of taking action to change their behaviors in the next six months
• may be in denial about their problems
• may have made multiple unsuccessful attempts to change and believe that change is impossible

Question 14

Clients in the precontemplation stage may benefit from:

Answer 14

• consciousness raising
• dramatic relief (experiencing and expressing emotions)
• environmental reevaluation (examining how the environment affects their behavior)

Question 15

Clients in the contemplation stage:

Answer 15

• plan to change in the next six months
• are ambivalent about changing, which may make it difficult for them to transition to the next stage

Question 16

Clients in the contemplation stage may benefit from:

Answer 16

self-reevaluation (evaluating how they feel about the situation)

in addition to the strategies that are useful for individuals in the precontemplation stage

Question 17

Clients in the preparation stage:

Answer 17

plan to take action within the next month

Question 18

Clients in the preparation stage may benefit from:

Answer 18

strategies that support their decision to change and include:
* self-reevaluation
* self-liberation (believing that change is possible and making a commitment to change).

Question 19

Clients in the action stage are ________. Effective strategies for these individuals include ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 19

• taking action to change their behaviors
• contingency management
• stimulus control
• counterconditioning

Question 20

Clients transition to the maintenance stage when they ________. The primary focus of treatment for individuals in this stage is ________ which involves the same strategies useful for individuals in the action stage.

Answer 20

• have maintained the desired behavior change for six months
• relapse prevention

Question 21

According to the transtheoretical model, motivation to change is affected by which 3 factors?

Answer 21

1) decisional balance
2) self-efficacy
3) temptation

Question 22

Decisional balance is ________ and is most important as a determinant of motivation during the ________ stage.

Answer 22

• the strength of the person’s beliefs about the pros and cons of changing
• contemplation

Question 23

Self-efficacy refers to the ________. It’s an important determinant of whether a person transitions from the ________ stage and then from the ________ stage.

Answer 23

• confidence the person has about his/her ability to change and avoid relapse
• contemplation to the preparation
• preparation to the action

Question 24

Temptation is ________ and is usually strongest during the ________.

Answer 24

• the intensity of the urge to engage in the undesirable behavior
• first few stages of change

Question 25

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is considered most useful for people in ________ stage of change.

Answer 25

precontemplation or contemplation stage

Question 26

What are the primary techiques of motivational interviewing?

Answer 26

• expressing empathy
• supporting self-efficacy
• developing a discrepancy (helping clients see the difference between their behaviors and goals)
• rolling with resistance (decreasing client resistance by avoiding arguments and power struggles)

Question 27

A distinctive characteristic of motivational interviewing is the use of ________, ________, ________, and other strategies to elicit and reinforce a client’s ________ – i.e., statements that move the client toward making positive changes in behavior.

Answer 27

• questions
• reflections
• affirmations
• “change talk”

Question 28

Despite their differences, the brief psychodynamic psychotherapies share several characteristics:

Answer 28

1) assume that change can occur during a brief therapeutic process

2) agree that therapy should have limited goals that are identified and agreed upon by the client and therapist during the initial sessions of therapy

3) practitioners of these therapies believe they are appropriate for only certain types of clients (e.g., clients who can benefit from insight-oriented therapy and are able to form a therapeutic alliance)

4) practitioners adopt an active role from the beginning of therapy to quickly establish a therapeutic alliance

5) emphasize the development of positive (versus negative) transference and may rely more on exploration or education than on interpretation

6) practitioners address loss, separation, and other concerns related to termination of therapy early in treatment