Britain CH1-12 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
What significant legislation gave women aged 21 and over the right to vote in 1928?
A
Representation of the Peoples Act
2
Q
Which Act in 1923 reduced the grounds for divorce for women?
A
Matrimonial Causes Act
3
Q
How did the Trade Disputes Act 1927 impact unions in the UK?
A
Made sympathetic strikes illegal
4
Q
What was the aftermath for miners and the coal industry after the General Strike in terms of their demands?
A
They had to accept the demands
5
Q
Which regions in the UK suffered economic depression due to the decline of staple industries?
A
Glasgow, Belfast, and Jarrow
6
Q
How did the 1929 Representation of the Peoples Act impact women’s rights?
A
Gave women aged 21 and over the right to vote
7
Q
What was the reason for the decline in staple industries leading to unemployment?
A
Post-war roles for women and changing economic landscape
8
Q
In which area did women find significant employment opportunities by 1929?
A
Clerical work
9
Q
How did the 1924 Guardian of Infants Act impact parental rights?
A
Distributed guardianship equally to both parents
10
Q
Which form of entertainment became the most popular in the 1920s, replacing dance halls?
A
Cinema
11
Q
What was the main impact of the Marriage Bar on women in the workforce?
A
Women were sacked once married
12
Q
How did women’s fashion change post-war, reflecting newfound freedoms?
A
Hems rose, waistlines dropped, and flapper style emerged
13
Q
Which legislative change gave women greater legal equality regarding divorce in 1923?
A
Matrimonial Causes Act
14
Q
What did the conservative government do to prevent future sympathetic strikes by unions?
A
Passed the Trade Disputes Act 1927
15
Q
How did the handling of the General Strike impact support for conservatives among the working class?
A
Lost support due to harsh measures used for victory.
16
Q
Why did the Conservatives get back into power in 1924-29?
A
The Conservatives highlighted values of patriotism, nationalism, defense, enjoyed broad support.
17
Q
How did the Representation of the People’s Act impact Conservative supporters?
A
Allowed plural voting for conservative supporters like business owners and graduates.
18
Q
What key role did newspapers play in the Conservatives’ return to power?
A
Newspapers owned by conservative supporters portrayed Conservatives positively.
19
Q
Who did Baldwin appoint to deal with unemployment and economic issues?
A
Baldwin appointed Winston Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
20
Q
What important act concerning public health and childcare did the Conservatives introduce in 1929?
A
The Local Government Act 1929 gave local authorities extra duties.
21
Q
What were the positive economic developments in the 1920s?
A
Growth of new industries like chemicals, motor vehicles, and electrical goods.
22
Q
How did returning to the Gold Standard impact British exports?
A
It raised the pound’s exchange rate, making British exports uncompetitive.
23
Q
What event led to the General Strike of 1926?
A
Mine owners’ demanded wage cuts and longer hours, leading to worker rejection.
24
Q
How did the government respond to the General Strike?
A
Intervened financially, set up Samuel Commission report, invoked Emergency Powers Act.
25
How did Baldwin and Churchill use propaganda during the General Strike?
Used speeches, articles, and radio broadcasts to undermine trade union support.
26
What were the two significant reasons why the 1929 election was notable?
First election where women could vote; Labour established as main opposition party.
27
Why did some conservatives oppose giving women the right to vote in the 1920s?
Feared young women were unsuitable (flappers) for serious issues like voting.
28
What was the key issue the 1929 election was fought over?
Unemployment and how to solve it.
29
Explain the Conservatives' campaign strategy during the 1929 election.
Focused on 'Safety First', portrayed as honest and principled for trust, offered no radical unemployment solutions.
30
Describe Labour's campaign message in the 1929 election.
'A Socialist Commonwealth', promised reorganizing industry for a socialist commonwealth.
31
How did the Liberals plan to tackle unemployment during the 1929 election?
Offered non-traditional strategy: investing in public works scheme.
32
Who were some key figures in the Second Labour government after winning the 1929 election?
Phillip Snowden, George Lansbury, Arthur Henderson, Margaret Bondfield.
33
What were some of the initial plans of the Second Labour government when they got into power?
Building council houses, nationalizing transport, raising school leaving age.
34
What massive economic crisis did Britain face shortly after the Second Labour government took office in 1929?
Britain was about to face a massive economic crisis as they got into power.
35
What were the main causes of poverty according to Booth and Rowntree's study?
Low wages, sickness, and unemployment.
36
Why did political motives for reformist ideology become important?
To unify the liberal party and address concerns over national efficiency.
37
What was the goal of the 1909 People's Budget proposed by DLG?
To tax the rich in order to fund reforms for the poor.
38
How did the poor relief system change under the Liberal reforms?
Old beliefs were abandoned and reforms were introduced for children, the elderly, and workers.
39
What were the weaknesses of the 1906 Education Act regarding provision of meals?
Not compulsory, so not all Local Education Authorities bought into it, leading to some still hungry children.
40
What was the aim of the 1911 National Insurance Act regarding the unemployed and sick?
To provide benefits funded by employers, workers, and the government for the sick and unemployed workers.
41
What led to the Constitutional Crisis in Britain during the early 20th century?
The rejection of DLG's budget by the House of Lords.
42
How did the House of Lords respond to the People's Budget of 1909?
They vetoed it, leading to further political tensions.
43
How did World War I impact women in terms of employment?
Women took on men's jobs in various sectors like munitions factories, shipbuilding, and secretarial roles.
44
What was the significance of women's work during World War I?
It challenged the traditional belief of women's roles, providing them with financial independence and new freedoms.
45
What change occurred for women in 1919 regarding civil service and government jobs?
The Sex Discrimination Act allowed women to no longer be excluded from such job opportunities.
46
How did the Representation of the People Act of 1918 impact voting rights for women?
It allowed women over 30 to vote if they were a member or married to a member of local government.
47
How did trade unions gain power during World War I?
Trade unions worked with the government to ban strikes and make agreements for unskilled labor to fill positions.
48
What was the outcome of the 1921 miners' strike in Britain?
The miners had to accept pay cuts after the government intervened, leading to the end of the strike.
49
Why did some men become conscientious objectors during World War I?
Reasons included religious beliefs like pacifism, political objections, and moral concerns about the war.
50
What efforts were made by conscientious objectors to avoid military service?
They appealed to local tribunals to justify their refusal to fight and could serve in non-combat roles if unsuccessful.
51
What were the key factors that led to the Conservative defeat in 1906?
Factors included the Boer War, Education Act, Licensing Act, Chinese slavery, Taff Vale case, neglect of social reform, tariff reform, weak conservative leadership, and the Lib-Lab Pact.
52
How did the Boer War impact the Conservative Party's defeat in 1906?
The harsh methods and duration exposed British army inadequacies and physical decline concerns.
53
Why did the 1902 Education Act lead to the Conservative Party's defeat in 1906?
Non-conformists were angered as they were now funding schools against their beliefs.
54
How did the 1904 Licensing Act contribute to the Conservative Party's downfall in 1906?
It angered the temperance side of non-conformists due to compensation for pub owners.
55
What impact did Chinese slavery have on the Conservative Party's defeat in 1906?
It caused moral outcry among non-conformists and worried trade unions about wages.
56
Explain the significance of the Taff Vale case in the Conservative Party's loss in 1906.
The ruling made it harder for trade unions to strike, shifting trade union votes to Liberals.
57
How did the neglect of social reform affect the Conservative Party in 1906?
It exposed growing poverty issues, contrasting with Liberal emphasis on state intervention.
58
Why was tariff reform a divisive issue within the Conservative Party in 1906?
Differences over tariffs caused divisions, with concerns about raised food prices.
59
What was the impact of the Lib-Lab Pact on the Conservative Party's defeat in 1906?
The Pact prevented constituency candidate clashes, strengthening Liberal votes.
60
What characterized the shift to New Liberalism after 1906 elections?
A move towards state intervention to combat poverty and introduce social safety nets.
61
What factors led to the development of New Liberalism post-1906?
Increased awareness of poverty and its causes prompted the shift to New Liberalism.
62
Who won the 1910 election and formed a coalition with Irish nationalists?
Liberals
63
What did the Liberals want to achieve by weakening the power of the Lords?
Home rule
64
What was passed by the Lords in April 1910, leading to the Parliament Act?
The People's Budget
65
What key provisions did the Parliament Bill proposed in 1910 to curb Lords power?
No veto on money bills, suspensory veto, 5-year elections
66
Why did Liberals ask King Edward VII to create new liberal peers?
To ensure the Parliament Bill could be passed
67
Who took over the throne after King Edward VII's death and agreed to create new peers?
King George
68
What two suffragist organizations advocated for female emancipation?
NUWSS and WSPU
69
What was the moderate measure passed in 1912 giving Ireland some autonomy?
Third Home Rule Bill
70
Who protested against Home Rule by forming the Ulster Volunteer Force?
Ulster Unionists
71
What event in 1914 delayed the implementation of Home Rule for Ireland?
Outbreak of WW1
72
Why did Lloyd George decide to form a coalition government with the conservatives?
To lead a stable government and effectively manage the war.
73
What did people receive to show support for the coalition government in the election?
A certificate (coupon) signed by Lloyd George and Bonar Law.
74
What challenges did the coalition government face post-war?
Government debt, post-war reconstruction, peace solution, home rule, female emancipation, housing crisis.
75
What major Acts were introduced by the coalition government during 1918-1919?
Education Act, Addison Housing Act, Unemployment Act, Agricultural Act.
76
Why did the coalition government face problems by 1922?
Post-war depression, housing subsidies cut, industrial unrest, Easter Rising.
77
What led to the fall of Lloyd George's coalition government?
Lack of party base, foreign policy issues, honours scandal, failure to fulfill promises.
78
How did the conservatives ultimately end the coalition with Lloyd George?
Due to loss of support and victory in a by-election, prompting conservatives to break the coalition.
79
What happened in the November 1922 election after the conservatives abandoned Lloyd George?
Conservatives won with 330 seats, while liberals declined since 1906.
80
What was the social and cultural impact of World War I?
Total war and significant changes in women's roles.
81
What did white feathers symbolize during the war?
White feathers symbolized cowardice.
82
Who conveyed the horrors of war through poetry?
Some men, like War poet Wilfred Owen, conveyed the horrors through poetry.
83
What led to the deaths of many men in the trenches?
Poor sanitation, lice, poison gas, and rotting corpses led to the deaths.
84
Who urged men to join the British army to fight in the war?
Ireland's Redmond and Carson urged men to join the British army.
85
What did Pearse and 1000 rebels seize during the Easter Rising?
Pearse and 1000 rebels seized the General Post Office in Dublin.
86
What was the outcome of the Easter Rising in Ireland?
The Easter Rising resulted in condemned nationalists, deaths, and injuries.
87
What was the impact of the Easter Rising on Sinn Fein?
The Easter Rising was said to be a Sinn Fein movement, gaining rapid support.
88
What led to the establishment of the Irish Free State?
The Anglo-Irish Treaty led to the establishment of the Irish Free State.
89
Who became president of Sinn Fein during this period?
Eamon de Valera was elected as president of Sinn Fein.
90
What brutal tactics did the Black and Tans use?
The Black and Tans used horrible and brutal tactics in Ireland.
91
What event led to Britain declaring war on Germany in August 1914?
Britain declares war on Germany.
92
Which suffragist leader urged women to focus on the war effort?
Pankhurst urged women to suspend campaigning.
93
What government act in 1914 gave power to control aspects of everyday life?
Labour introduced DORA in 1914.
94
Why did some Liberals dislike the wartime coalition formed during WWI?
Some Liberals opposed the introduction of conscription.
95
Who took over as Prime Minister after Asquith's resignation during WWI?
Lloyd George took over as PM.
96
What significant change did Labour introduce in their 1918 new constitution?
To nationalize all means of production, distribution, and exchange.
97
What was the main issue between Asquith and Lloyd George after WWI?
A bitter rivalry between Asquith and DLG.
98
What factors weakened the Liberals in the UK?
Electoral costs, loss of traditional support, disadvantaged by the 'first past the post' system
99
Who took over as Prime Minister after Baldwin in the 1923 election?
Stanley Baldwin
100
Why did Baldwin call an election on the issue of tariffs?
To get a mandate for his proposal of returning to imperial preference
101
What happened after Baldwin resigned due to a vote of no confidence?
Labour, under Ramsay MacDonald, won the election and formed the first Labour government
102
What was the aim of the first Labour government in 1924?
To gain the confidence of the country and show capability in running the country
103
What changes were made to social services during the first Labour government in 1924?
Old age pensions and unemployment benefits were raised, state scholarships were revived
104
Who introduced the Housing Act and provided subsidies to build council houses in 1924?
Minister of Health - John Wheatley
105
What successful international relation move did MacDonald make during his tenure?
Chaired a conference and produced the Dawes Plan, reducing German reparations and ending the French occupation in Ruhr
106
Why did the collapse of the first Labour government occur in 1924?
Allegations of being too soft on communism in the Campbell case and the Zinoviev Letter influence
107
What events contributed to the collapse of the first Labour government in 1924?
The Campbell Case where troops were urged to disobey orders and the Zinoviev Letter suggested Communist infiltration
