British imperial policy up to 1902

Question 1

“imperial policy” refers to two main things. What are they?

Answer 1

1. Relations between different European powers. 2. Reasons for imperial expansion

Question 2

When did the Fashoda incident occur?

Answer 2

1898

Question 3

Which two European countries were involved in the Fashoda incident?

Answer 3

Britain and France

Question 4

Where is Fashoda?

Answer 4

Sudan

Question 5

What was the Fashoda incident?

Answer 5

A series of territorial desputes between Britaina and France over control of North African territory.

Question 6

Why did Britain want to expand past Fashoda?

Answer 6

They wanted to build a railway from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo.

Question 7

Why did France want to expand past Fashoda?

Answer 7

They hoped to extend France’s dominion across Central Africa and the Sudan.

Question 8

How was the Fashoda incident resolved?

Answer 8

They agreed that the watershed of the Nile and the Congo rivers should mark the frontier between their respective spheres of influence.

Question 9

What did Britain get out of the Fashoda incident?

Answer 9

The British position in Egypt was confirmed.

Question 10

What did France get out of the Fashoda incident?

Answer 10

France consolidated all their gains west of the watershed of the Nile and Congo rivers.

Question 11

When was the Fashoda incident ended?

Answer 11

1899

Question 12

Why did Britain take control of Egypt? (List 3 reasons)

Answer 12

1. The Fashoda incident. 2. British control over the Suez Canal 3. British control over the route to India

Question 13

Why was the Suez Canal so important?

Answer 13

It linked Western Europe to Asia without having to sail around the whole of Africa.

Question 14

Why was it important for the British to have an easy route to India?

Answer 14

India was a lucrative colony of Britain.

Question 15

In which year did Britain adopt the two-power standard?

Answer 15

1889

Question 16

Why did Britain adopt the two-power standard?

Answer 16

Fears over rival naval powers France and Russia.

Question 17

What was the two-power standard?

Answer 17

A British policy which stated that the strength of the British Navy was to be maintained at a level stronger than the combined strength of Russia and France.

Question 18

In what year did Britain begin to fear expanding German naval power?

Answer 18

1898

Question 19

Who was President Paul Kruger?

Answer 19

The president of the Boer republics in South Africa

Question 20

Who sent the Kruger Telegram?

Answer 20

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Question 21

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

Answer 21

The emperor of Germany

Question 22

Why was the Kruger Telegram sent?

Answer 22

Kaiser Wilhelm II sent the telegram congratulating President Paul Kruger on repelling the Jameson Raid.

Question 23

What was the Jameson raid?

Answer 23

This was a raid carried out by British citizens attempting to overthrow the Boer government and seize the Boer republics.

Question 24

The Jameson Raid was a success/failure?

Answer 24

Failure

Question 25

Why did the British feel threatened by the Krugar telegram?

Answer 25

They feared that Germany was forming a friendship with the Boer government which would disadvantage British economic interests in the region.

Question 26

When was the Anglo-Japanese alliance formed?

Answer 26

1902

Question 27

Why did Britain form an alliance with Japan?

Answer 27

Due to fear over Russian expansion in the far east.

Question 28

What was British economic reasons for imperialism?

Answer 28

Industrialists put pressure on the government to colonise parts of African to gain access to resources and new markets.

Question 29

What was the period of European expansion in Africa called?

Answer 29

The scramble for Africa

Question 30

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

Answer 30

A British imperialist.

Question 31

What did Cecil Rhodes want to create?

Answer 31

A Cape to Cairo railway line.

Question 32

How would the Cape to Cairo railway line benefit Britain?

Answer 32

It would allow them to transport raw materials out of Africa, and bring finished products to sell to Africans.

Question 33

When was the First Boer War?

Answer 33

1880-1881

Question 34

When was the Second Boer War?

Answer 34

1899-1902

Question 35

What are two examples of Britain struggling to maintain control over native populations?

Answer 35

1. The Anglo Boer Wars 2. Rebellions in India

Question 36

How did the size of the British empire impact its navy?

Answer 36

Britain invested a lot in its navy, but because its empire was so large the resources were spread thinly all over the world.

Question 37

What are two important strategic areas for Britain?

Answer 37

1. The Cape of Good Hope 2. The Suez Canal