British rule Flashcards
(141 cards)
0
Q
What changes occurred to the Province of Québec after the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
A
- French laws are replaced by British laws
- Changes in the administration of the colony
- Change in government
- Change in the colony’s name
- Smaller territory
1
Q
New France no longer exists. What is the name of the new colony?
A
The Province of Québec.
2
Q
What is liberalism?
A
It is a political ideology to which all individuals have equal and fundamental rights.
3
Q
What do the liberals believe everyone has right to?
A
-The right to live and be safe -The right for freedoms (expression, opinion) -The right to own private property
4
Q
What did the arrival of the printing press do?
A
It allowed the publication of newspapers and brochures and promoting the dissemination of liberal ideas to the population.
5
Q
What changes occurred after the Québec Act of 1774?
A
-The expansion of the territory -British criminal law stays, but French civil law is reinstated -The Oath of Allegiance replaces the Test Act -The Church may collect the tithe -Freedom to practice the Roman Catholic faith
6
Q
What is the name of the first constitution of the Province of Québec?
A
The Royal Proclamation of 1763.
7
Q
Why was the Legislative Assembly put into place?
A
The first British merchants (the Montrealers) and the Loyalists demanded that they have more power within the government.
8
Q
What were the two newspapers that allowed the people to express their opinions during the British rule?
A
-The Québec Mercury -The Montréal Gazette
9
Q
What was the Treaty of Paris and when was it signed?
A
A treaty that ended the Seven Years war between France and Great Britain in 1763.
10
Q
What was the goal of the Royal Proclamation?
A
To assimilate the French Canadiens.
11
Q
What was the Test Act?
A
A person had to put their hand on the bible renouncing the Catholic faith and the authority of the pope. One had to do this to be part of the government.
12
Q
What year was the Bank of Montreal founded?
A
1817
13
Q
What did the British merchants (Montrealers) do to influence the governor or the king?
A
-Write petitions -Express their opinion in local newspapers
14
Q
Who wanted to boycott British products as a pressure tactic?
A
The Patriotes
15
Q
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
A
A treaty in which Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America.
16
Q
Who were the Loyalists?
A
American colonists who remained loyal to the king of England.
17
Q
Why was the Constitutional Act of 1791 put to place?
A
To satisfy the demands made by the Loyalists by: 1. Creating Upper and Lower Canada 2. Having a Legislative Assembly for both parts 3. Granting the townships as a land division in all new territory 4.Granting British criminal and civil law in Upper Canada
18
Q
When did the timber trade surpass the fur trade?
A
At the beginning of the 19th century (around 1805)
19
Q
After the British conquest, what economic activity developed in the beginning of the 19th century?
A
The timber trade
20
Q
What was the purpose of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
A
The aim of the Royal proclamation was to assimilate the French-speaking population Nd to make them British subjects.
21
Q
When was the Constitutional Act put into place?
A
1791
22
Q
What was the main current of thought at the beginning of the 18th century?
A
Liberalism
23
Q
What is Ultramontanism?
A
An ideology in which the Church wants to control the government and have more influence over the population.
24
What is in the Index?
A list of books prohibited by the Catholic Church.
25
Define anticlericalism.
It is the refusal of the church's influence over the population, except when it comes to spiritual matters.
26
Identify an example of anticlericalism.
L'Institut Canadien de Montréal
27
When was the Royal Proclamation put into effect?
In 1763.
28
In the Royal Proclamation, what was the name of the new colony?
The Province of Québec
29
When was the Québec Act put into place?
In 1774.
30
When was the Constitutional Act put into place?
In 1791.
31
What happened to the territory of the Province of Québec in the Constitutional Act of 1791?
The land was divided into Upper and Lower-Canada
32
When did the Rebellions in Lower Canada took place?
In 1837-1838.
33
After the British conquest in 1760, the Province of Québec became one of many colonies in the British empire. This conquest will change many things in New France. Name a few of the changes that occurred.
* Change in the laws of the land
* Change in the administration of the colony
* Change in the langage used in the gouvernment
* Change in the accepted religion
* Change in the government
34
What was the name of the treaty that ended the Seven Years war?
Treaty of Paris
35
What was the name of the first contitution?
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
36
What was the name of the second constitution?
The Québec Act of 1774
37
What was the name of the third constitution?
The Constitutional Act of 1791
38
After the Rebellions of 1837-1838, Great Britain will send someone to report the causes of the Rebellions. Who was this person?
Lord Durham
39
Afther the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, New France became ofiicially a colony of what country?
Great Britain
40
How will the Constitutional Act of 1791 divide the colony?
Into Upper and Lower Canada
41
What economic policy did Great Britain embrace in the mid 19th century?
Protectionism
42
Define protectionism.
An economic policy by a state or government to protect the economy of the country and colonies. This economic policy favours the buying and selling of goods between countries.
43
Which laws guaranteed preferential tariffs on the British market?
Corn Laws
44
Who were the merchants that established themselves in the Province of Québec in the early 1760s?
The British merchants, called the Montrealers.
45
During the British rule, who setlled in Montréal to practice the fur trade?
Scottish, English and American merchants
46
What was the name of the first English fur trading company?
The Hudson's Bay Company
47
What was the name of the company that rivaled the Hudson's Bay Company?
The Northwest Company
48
In the early 19th century, Great Britain was unable to produce enough food. Where did they buy wheat from?
Lower Canada
49
Why were living conditions difficult for farmers in the 1830s?
1. Poor harvest
2. Harsh climate
3. No more wheat
4. Poor farming techniques
5. The land was exhausted...not enough land to farm
50
What resource will replace the fur trade as the main economic activity of the Province of Québec?
The timber or lumber trade (wood)
51
What was the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854?
An economic treaty between the United States of America and United Canada
52
What international event occurred at the begining of the 1800s?
1. The Napoleonic Wars
2. Continental blockade
53
Because of the continental blockade, where did Great Britain get its timber?
From Lower Canada
54
Which bank was created because of the timber trade in 1817?
The Bank of Montreal
55
What new jobs were created because of the timber trade?
1. Lumberjacks
2. Sawyers
3. Lod drivers
56
What were the two new means of transportation put into place because of the timber trade?
1. Canals
2. Railway
57
Define free trade.
Where their is no preferential tariffs and people are free to choose where they buy their goods from.
58
What do the Parti Patriote want?
Responsible government. A real democracy.
59
What did Liberals put a great importance on?
They put a great importance on fundamental rights and freedoms.
60
What was the aim of the Royal Government of 1763?
To assimilate the French -speaking Canadians and to make them British.
61
What was the Treaty of Paris 1763?
It put an end to the Seven Years war.
62
Explain the territory according to the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
The territory was limited to the St. Lawrence valley.
63
What year was the Québec Act put into place?
1774
64
What happened to the territory according to the Constitutional Act of 1791?
The territory was divided into Upper and Lower Canada.
65
Explain the population that lived in Upper Canada.
They were mainly English-speaking settlers. The majority of them were Loyalists.
66
Explain the laws that were found in Lower Canada.
Lower Canada had French civil laws and British criminal laws.
67
Who represented the Tory (conservative) Party?
The British merchants (Montrealers)
68
According to the Act of Union of 1840, what happened to the territory?
The territory was renamed Canada West and Canada East.
69
What does liberalism mean and what did it do for the people?
It means to have rights, freedoms and protection from the abuse of the monarch's power.
It gave the people things like:
1. The right to be safe and righ to live
2. Freedoms (freedoms of expression, your own opinion)
3. To own private property
70
Which two groups supported political and economic liberalism?
Members of the French Canadians and members of English-speaking Canadians
71
Who were the people who wrote numerous petitions to the king?
The British merchants
72
What does anticlericalism mean?
A current of thought that promotes the separation of the state and church.
73
What replace the fur trade as the main economic activity of the colony?
The timber or lumber trade (wood)
74
What economic policy was put into place to protect the economy of the country or empire from foreign competition?
Protectionism
75
In 1783, what were the names of the two fur trading companies?
1. Hudson's Bay Company
2. Northwest Company
76
After the decline of the fur trade, what was the main occupation of the colony's population?
Agriculture
77
Why did Great Britain slowly stop buying wheat from Lower Canada?
1. Poor soil
2. Outdated farming techniques
3. Poor weather conditions
78
What does the exploitation of forests cause?
1. Development of new regions
2. Create new jobs
3. Increase the influence of the British merchant class
79
The timber trade was so lucrative, that a bank was created. Identify the name of the bank.
The Bank of Montreal
80
What were the names of the jobs created from the timber trade?
1. Lumberjacks
2. Sawyer
3. Log drivers
4. Rafters
81
Who does United Canada have a Reciprocity treaty with?
The United States of America
82
What transportation network was used in order to transport merchandise in the early to mid 1800s?
1. Canals
2. Railroads
3. Steamboats
83
Afther the Conquest of 1760, what happened to the Catholic Church?
After the Conquest, the Church will lose its direct political influence.
84
Why was the clergy in a precarious situation after the Conquest?
They were without a leader and no longer had the right to collect the tithe. The British wanted the French to become Protestant.
85
What was the goal of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
The aim of this constitution was to assimilate French-speaking Canadiens and make them British subjects.
86
What laws were inforced after the Conquest of New France?
French civil and criminal laws were replaced by **English laws.**
87
What did a person wishing to be part of the government have to do?
In order to become part of the government a person had to perform the Test Act.
88
What is the Test Act?
The act of putting your hand on the bible and saying that you are giving up the Catholic faith and that the Pope has no authority.
89
When the first British merchants (Montrealers) arrived in the colony, they made a demand. Identify the demand.
The demanded a Legislative Assembly in which FRench Canadiens would be excluded.
90
Why were the British merchants opposed to Governor Murray and Carleton?
Because Murray and Carleton were lenient towards the French Canadiens.
91
How does Governor Murray bend the rules in order to avoid a civil war?
1. Murray allows access to administratives posts without having to do the Test Act.
2. Murray allowes French civil laws but English criminal laws are maintained.
92
Why did Murray want to avoid a civil war?
Because 99% of the population was francophone.
93
What means did the British merchants use to influence the governor?
They wrote petitions and expressed their opinions in local newspapers.
94
Why did the king of England grant a new constitution in 1774?
In order to ensure the loyalty of the French Canadiens in event of war with the 13 British colonies.
95
What was the name of the second constitution?
The Québec Act of 1774
96
How did the territory change in the Québec Act of 1774?
The constitution caused the expansion of the territory to include the Ohio valley and the Great Lakes.
97
After the American Revolution, who increased the number of English-speaking settlers in Québec?
The Loyalists. Approximately 6000 will settle in Québec.
98
Identify the demands made by the Loyalists.
1. They are against French civil laws
2. They want the removal of the seigneurial system
3. They want a legislative assembly
4. They want a territory with no French Canadiens on it
99
What was the goal of the Constitutional Act of 1791?
It was an attempt to satisfy the requirements of the Loyalists and to maintain what was given to the Canadiens during the last constitution.
100
What happened to the territory in the Constitutional Act of 1791?
The territory was divided into two parts; Lower Canada (St. Lawrence valley and Labrador) for the French-speaking population and Upper Canada (Lake Ontario and Lake Superior) for the English-speaking Loyalists.
101
Name the four constitutions put into place in chronological order.
1. The Royal Proclamation 1763
2. The Québec Act 1774
3. The Constitutional Act 1791
4. The Act of Union 1840
102
Before the Québec Act was put into place, what did the French Canadians needed to do in order to join the administration of the colony?
They had to perform the Test Act.
103
What was the main reason the Constitutional Act was put into place?
To satisfy the demands made by the Loyalists.
104
According to the Constitutional Act, why was the government considered to be a false demaocracy?
The governor had the power of veto, meaning he was able to reject all laws even if the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly aggreed.
105
Who was the leader of the Parti Patriote?
Louis-Joseph Papineau
106
What actions did the Parti Patriote take to haave their demands heard?
1. They wrote petitions to the King
2. Held public assemblies
3. Wrote the 92 Resolutions
107
What major change occurred after United Canada was granted responsible government?
The governor lost the power of veto, thus having a true democracy.
108
Who mainly made up the members in the Governor's council?
The British merchants
109
Liberalism led to the creation of the Constitutional Monarchy. What is the main difference between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy?
In an absolute monarchy, the king has all the power and his word is law, while in a constitutional monarchy, the power is shared between the king and the people.
110
Define ultramontanism.
It is a current of thought that believes that the Church has authority over the State and that the population should submit to the Pope in Rome.
111
Identify the current of thought that was opposed to ultramontanism.
Anticlericalism
112
What action did the anticlericalists take?
They founded the *Institut Canadien de Montréal* where people were able to read books that were prohibited by the Church.
113
Which current of thought affirmed the primacy of the spiritual power of the Church over the State?
Ultramontanism
114
Who prohibited the population to read books that were in the Index?
The Catholic Church
115
In what year was the Bill on Public Education passed?
1841
116
Identify the years of the British Rule.
1760-1867
117
What year was the *Institut Canadien de Montréal* founded?
1844
118
What current of thought promotes the refusal of the church's influence over any sphere of life other than religious?
Anticlericalism
119
To influence the governor, what did the British merchants do?
They wrote petitions and wrote articles in local newspapers.
120
Who has the power of veto?
The governor
121
Why did the British merchants write petitions to the king?
1. They were not pleased with the attitudes adopted by the first two governors.
2. They wanted to have a Legislative Assembly.
122
Why do French Canadians do not identify themsleves to the new mother country?
Because they worried about the future of their culture and potential loss of their schools and churches.
123
In 1764, the printing press in the colony allowed the publication of newspapers and brochures. Why was this ivention important?
It promoted the dissemination of liberal ideas.
124
What did France give up during the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
France gave up all territories in North America except for two small islands (St. Pierre et Miquelon).
125
Identify demands made by the Loyalists.
1. The removal of French civil laws
2. A territory just for them
3. A Legislative Assembly
4. Removal of the seigneurial system
126
What is the role of the Executive Council?
Their role is to make sure that all understand the new laws of the colony. They put the new law in effect.
127
Why was ther conflict between the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council?
The Legislative wanted to help the people it represented while the governor and the two councils only wanted to make profits.
128
When was the American Revolution?
1776
129
What was one way people expressed themselves in the rise of liberalism?
By writing petitions and in newspapers
130
What was the Index?
A list of books the Catholic Church banned from reading.
131
What ended the Seven Years War in 1763?
The signing of the Treaty of Paris
132
What was the purpose of the Royal Proclamation?
The aim was to assimilate the French Canadiens.
133
Why did the British merchants oppose governor James Murray and Guy Carleton?
They didn't like the way they were lenient to the French Canadians.
134
What effect did the American Revolution have on population and settlement?
It caused the arrival of the Loyalists.
135
What was the goal of the Constitutional Act of 1791?
To satisfy the demands of the Loyalists and the French Canadians
136
Who arrived in the colony at the end of the 18th century?
Loyalists
137
Define the power of veto.
A person can make a decision without giving a reason.
138
What occurred in 1848?
United Canada was granted responsible government
139
What did the timver trade do for our economy?
1. It created new jobs
2. Increased the population (arrival of immigrants)
3. Banks were created (Bank of Montreal)
4. Allowed for the development of the transportation system (canals and railways)
140
What was the role of the Legislative Assembly?
1. To pass laws
2. To control the budget
