BRO WHAT IS HIS STORY? Flashcards
(36 cards)
HISTORY HAS ALWAYS BEEN KNOWN AS…
The study of the past. Students may dread memorizing DATES, PLACES, NAMES, EVENTS from distant eras, but it is complex and important to human civilization.
GEOFFREY BARRACLOUGH DEFINES HISTORY AS THE…
Attempt to DISCOVER, on the basis of FRAGMENTARY EVIDENCE, the SIGNIFICANT THINGS about the PAST.
GEOFFREY BARRACLOUGH ALSO NOTES THE HISTORY WE READ…
Though based on FACTS, is strictly speaking, NOT FACTUAL AT ALL, but a SERIES OF ACCEPTED JUDGMENTS.
HISTORIANS UTILIZE FACTS COLLECTED FROM…
PRIMARY SOURCES of history, then draw their own reading, so we may understand the historical event, a process that in essence, “MAKES SENSE OF THE PAST.”
HISTORY TRADITIONAL UNDERSTANDING ARE 2 THINGS:
- Study of the past
- Chronological record of significant events + explanation of their causes
HISTORY MODERN UNDERSTANDING ARE 2 THINGS:
- Greek word “Historia” means “knowledge acquired through inquiry/investigation”
- Sources are oral traditions in forms of epics, songs, artifacts, architecture, memory, etc.
ZEUS SALAZAR SAID ANG KASAYSAYAN…
Ay SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG SALINGLAHI.
STUDYING HISTORY is really important especially in our Philippine settings. These are the FIRST 3 REASONS why we need to study:
- We could determine and understand the contribution of our ancestor in the foundation of our humanity, origin, and inherit culture. (History gives picture to our humanity and to our society).
- We could understand the past present and future. The events in the past has relation to our present and future. (It gives meaning in different things and events in our society).
- History used to examine and forecast the things in the environment and society. (We’ve learned to appreciate the culture, love, respect other people in the world).
STUDYING HISTORY is really importance especially in our Philippine settings. These are the NEXT 5 REASONS why we need to study:
- History can give us deeper understanding in different problems in solutions in our present and future. (In the study of the past events we discover new ways in studying in solving problems in the present and future).
- History is an eye opener to understand our culture, language and society. (History aroused patriotic, humanitarian and universally).
- History develop our knowledge about different race of people, culture, place, and time.
- The stories of past about people and things in the world we live provide valuable lessons to us.
- In studying history we’ve learned different ways of studying and researching in social sciences. (It helps us to learn different ways of discovering new knowledge).
TWO HISTORICAL SOURCES ARE…
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
- PRIMARY SOURCE IS PRODUCED AT…
The same time as the event being studied (CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS).
Includes documents/artifacts created by a WITNESS or PARTICIPANT of the event.
“FIRSTHAND TESTIMONY”
“EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS”
May include diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, newspapers.
HISTORY’S DATA IN OUR WRITTEN ARE:
Laws
Treaty
Biography
Documents
News
HISTORY’S DATA IN OUR NOT WRITTEN ARE:
Corpse
Materials
Settlement
Environment
Customs
6 POINTS OF INQUIRIES TO EVALUATE PRIMARY SOURCES:
- Date - When?
- Localization - Where?
- Authorship - Who wrote?
- Analysis - What pre-existing material was basis?
- Integrity - What was its original form?
- Credibility - What is its evidential value?
- SECONDARY SOURCE IS PRODUCED BY…
Authors who used and INTERPRETED primary sources.
Analyzed a SCHOLARLY QUESTION and often use primary source as evidence.
Include books, theses, dissertations, journals, magazines, knowledge of historians, etc.
Written FEW YEARS AFTER THE EXACT TIME OF THE EVENT.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SHOULD BE EVALUATED ITS VALIDITY AND CREDIBILITY BY ASKING 3 QUESTIONS…
- How’d the author know about the given details? Was bro present at the event?
- Where’d the info come from? Is it a personal experience, eyewitness account, etc.?
- Did bro conclude based on single or multiple sources?
IN TERMS OF HISTORICAL RELIABILITY…
Primary Source - the closer the date of creation.
Secondary Source - the more recent.
HISTORICAL CRITICISM:
EXTERNAL CRITICISM IS…
Verification of authenticity by examining physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced, and materials used.
EXAMPLES OF EXTERNAL CRITICISM QUESTIONS:
When was dis ting written
Where was it written
Who was bro writing
Why did it survive? LOL
What were the materials used
Were the words used being used during its time
HISTORICAL CRITICISM:
INTERNAL CRITICISM IS…
Looking at the truthfulness + factuality of the evidence by looking at the author, its context, its agenda.
Looks at the content of the source, and examines the circumstance of its production.
EXAMPLES OF INTERNAL CRITICISM QUESTIONS:
Was it written by an eyewitness or nah
Why was dis written
Is it consistent
What are connotations (undertones)
What is the denotation (literal meaning)
What is da meaning of da context
REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES:
WHERE HISTORIANS ACCESS PRESERVED DOCUMENTS AND ARTIFACTS…
- National Archives
- Libraries (e.g., National Library of the Philippines)
- Museums and Cultural Centers
- Digital Archives (e.g., digitized colonial documents)
- University collections
What Is Historical Criticism?
Historical criticism is the METHOD used by HISTORIANS to EVALUATE and INTERPRET primary sources
—such as letters, diaries, speeches, official documents, photographs, and even videos—
to UNCOVER the TRUTH about the past.
- External Criticism
Checks…
…whether a historical document or source is genuine and authentic.
🔎 “Is this document real and original?”
