Broadcasting Vocabulary Part 5 Flashcards
(83 cards)
exude
Definition:
• Exude (verb): To release (a liquid or smell) slowly and steadily; to display (a quality or emotion) strongly and openly.
Everyday Sentences:
1. Literal: The tree began to exude a sticky sap from its bark.
2. Figurative: She exudes confidence whenever she walks into a room.
3. Emotional: Despite his challenges, he always exudes positivity.
malleable
Definition:
• Malleable (adjective):
1. Physical: Capable of being shaped, bent, or stretched, especially by hammering or pressure (often used to describe metals).
2. Figurative: Easily influenced or adaptable; flexible in attitude or behavior.
Everyday Sentences:
1. Physical: Gold is a highly malleable metal, allowing it to be formed into thin sheets.
2. Figurative: Children’s minds are very malleable, which is why early education is so important.
3. Workplace: She is a malleable team member, always willing to adjust to new ideas and approaches.
If you need more examples or have specific contexts in mind, let me know!
incipient
(in - si - pee - uhnt)
Incipient (adjective): Beginning to develop or exist; in an initial stage.
Everyday Sentences:
1. “She caught the incipient cold early, so it didn’t get worse.”
2. “The incipient cracks in the wall need to be fixed before they spread.”
3. “His incipient interest in cooking led him to take a culinary class.”
4. “The incipient stages of the project involve a lot of planning and research.”
5. “They addressed the incipient conflict before it turned into a bigger issue.”
Need more examples or a specific context? Let me know!
Synonyms
• Beginning
• Initial
• Developing
• Nascent
• Emerging
• Inchoate
• Early
• Budding
• Preliminary
• Introductory
delineates / delineated
(duh - li - nee - ayts)
Delineates (verb): To describe, portray, or outline something precisely and clearly.
Everyday Sentences:
1. “The map clearly delineates the boundaries between the two states.”
2. “In her speech, she delineates the steps needed to complete the project.”
3. “The artist skillfully delineates the details of the landscape in her painting.”
4. “The contract delineates each party’s responsibilities in detail.”
5. “The report delineates the causes of the problem and suggests solutions.”
Dystopian
Definition of Dystopian:
Dystopian refers to an imagined society that is oppressive, nightmarish, or undesirable, often characterized by suffering, injustice, or totalitarian control. It is the opposite of utopian, which describes a perfect society.
Everyday Sentences:
1. “The city’s smog-filled skies and constant surveillance made it feel like something out of a dystopian novel.”
2. “Social media sometimes seems dystopian, with people more focused on appearances than real connections.”
3. “The abandoned buildings and empty streets gave the town a dystopian feel after the factory shut down.”
4. “Some fear that artificial intelligence could lead to a dystopian future where machines control humanity.”
5. “The strict rules at work make it feel like a dystopian nightmare—no talking, no breaks, just endless tasks.”
perpendicular
Perpendicular describes a relationship between two lines, surfaces, or objects that meet at a right angle (90 degrees). In geometry, if two lines are perpendicular, they intersect to form four right angles.
Everyday Sentences:
1. “The picture frame was hung perpendicular to the wall to ensure it was perfectly straight.”
2. “When setting up the new bookshelf, I made sure it was perpendicular to the floor for stability.”
3. “The road ran perpendicular to the highway, creating a clear intersection.”
4. “During the art class, the teacher demonstrated how to draw perpendicular lines to create depth.”
5. “The tree trunk stood perpendicular to the ground, a clear sign of its healthy growth.”
These examples show how the term “perpendicular” can be used to describe objects or lines that meet at right angles in both technical and everyday situations.
Rumination
- Psychological Meaning: The act of continuously thinking about the same thoughts, often negative or distressing, which can contribute to anxiety or depression.
- General Meaning: The process of deep or repetitive thinking about something.
- Biological Meaning: The process by which some animals (like cows) chew, swallow, regurgitate, and chew food again.
Everyday Sentences:
1. Psychological:
• After the meeting, Sarah kept ruminating over what she should have said.
• His habit of rumination makes it hard for him to let go of past mistakes.
2. General Thinking:
• The scientist’s rumination on the problem eventually led to a breakthrough.
• Before making a decision, he spent hours in rumination about his future.
3. Biological (Animals):
• Cows engage in rumination to help digest their food properly.
• The farmer explained how rumination allows certain animals to break down tough plant materials.
antecedents
- General Meaning: Something that came before or led to something else.
- Grammar: A word or phrase that a pronoun refers back to in a sentence.
- Personal History: A person’s background, ancestors, or previous events in their life.
Everyday Sentences:
1. General Meaning:
• The antecedents of modern technology can be traced back to early inventions like the steam engine.
• The company’s success had clear antecedents in its strong leadership and innovative strategies.
2. Grammar:
• In the sentence “Lisa lost her keys,” “Lisa” is the antecedent of “her.”
• A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender.
3. Personal History:
• The detective examined the suspect’s antecedents to understand his motives.
• Her academic antecedents made her the perfect candidate for the scholarship.
Synonyms
General Meaning (Something that came before)
• Predecessor
• Forerunner
• Precursor
• Origin
• Prototype
• Foundation
Grammar (A word a pronoun refers to)
• Referent
• Preceding noun
Personal History (Background or ancestors)
• Ancestry
• Heritage
• Lineage
• Forebears
• Roots
• Predecessors
egocentric
Psychological Meaning: Someone who is overly focused on themselves and their own perspective, often without considering others’ feelings or viewpoints.
2. General Meaning: Self-centered; believing everything revolves around oneself.
Everyday Sentences:
1. Psychological Meaning:
• Children are naturally egocentric because they have not yet developed the ability to see things from others’ perspectives.
• His egocentric behavior made it difficult for his friends to confide in him.
2. General Meaning:
• Mark’s egocentric attitude meant he always talked about his own achievements and never asked about others.
• The politician was criticized for being too egocentric and ignoring the needs of his constituents.
Psychological Meaning: Someone who is overly focused on themselves and their own perspective, often without considering others’ feelings or viewpoints.
2. General Meaning: Self-centered; believing everything revolves around oneself.
Everyday Sentences:
1. Psychological Meaning:
• Children are naturally egocentric because they have not yet developed the ability to see things from others’ perspectives.
• His egocentric behavior made it difficult for his friends to confide in him.
2. General Meaning:
• Mark’s egocentric attitude meant he always talked about his own achievements and never asked about others.
• The politician was criticized for being too egocentric and ignoring the needs of his constituents.
Self-centered: Primarily concerned with one’s own interests and welfare.
• Selfish: Lacking consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one’s own personal profit or pleasure.
• Egotistical: Excessively conceited or absorbed in oneself; self-centered.
• Narcissistic: Having an excessive interest in oneself and one’s appearance.
• Self-absorbed: Preoccupied with one’s own feelings, interests, or situation.
• Egoistic: Behaving selfishly; being self-centered.
• Self-important: Having an exaggerated sense of one’s own value or importance.
• Conceited: Excessively proud of oneself; vain.
criteria / criterion
Definition of Criterion / Criteria:
• Criterion: A standard or principle by which something is judged or decided. 
• Criteria: The plural form of criterion, referring to multiple standards or principles. 
Everyday Sentences:
• Criterion:
• One key criterion for admission is academic excellence.
• The main criterion for selecting the winner is originality.
• Criteria:
• The selection committee established several criteria for the award, including leadership and community service.
• Applicants must meet all the criteria to be considered for the program.
Synonyms for Criterion:
• Standard
• Benchmark
• Measure
• Yardstick
• Touchstone
• Gauge
• Norm
• Guideline
• Rule
• Principle
erosion / eroding
Erosion refers to the process by which natural forces like wind, water, or ice gradually wear away soil, rock, or land. It can also describe the gradual deterioration or weakening of something.
Corrosion
• Deterioration
• Attrition
• Wear
• Abrasions
• Weathering
• Disintegration
• Undermining
• Decay
Cultural Erosion:
• Globalization has led to the erosion of indigenous languages and traditions in many communities. 
2. Social Cohesion Erosion:
• Increasing income inequality and political polarization have contributed to the erosion of social cohesion in several countries. 
3. Democratic Erosion:
• The rise of authoritarian regimes has resulted in the erosion of democratic principles worldwide. 
4. Trust Erosion:
• Repeated corporate scandals have caused an erosion of public trust in large corporations.
5. Moral Erosion:
• Some argue that certain media content contributes to the erosion of societal morals and values.
6. Brand Loyalty Erosion:
• Frequent product recalls have led to an erosion of brand loyalty among consumers.
7. Employee Morale Erosion:
• Continuous layoffs and lack of communication have caused an erosion of employee morale within the company.
- Trust Eroding:
• The company’s repeated failures are eroding customer trust.- Confidence Eroding:
• Continuous market volatility is eroding investor confidence. - Relationships Eroding:
• Constant arguments are eroding their relationship. - Freedom Eroding:
• The new policies are eroding individual freedoms. - Morale Eroding:
• Budget cuts are eroding employee morale. - Values Eroding:
• Rapid modernization is eroding traditional values. - Health Eroding:
• Poor diet is eroding his health.
- Confidence Eroding:
concurrently
Adverb – At the same time; simultaneously.
Everyday Sentences:
1. She worked two jobs concurrently to save money for her trip.
2. The two movies were playing concurrently at different theaters.
3. He is studying for his exams while concurrently working on his research paper.
4. The construction of both bridges happened concurrently to speed up the project.
5. She listened to music while concurrently answering emails.
Synonyms:
• Simultaneously
• At the same time
• In parallel
• Coinciding
• Synchronously
amplitude
Definition of Amplitude
1. General Meaning: The extent, range, or magnitude of something, often referring to its size or level.
2. Physics/Math: The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the equilibrium position.
3. Audio/Waves: The strength or intensity of a signal, such as sound waves.
Everyday Sentences
• The amplitude of his voice increased as he became more excited.
• The earthquake’s amplitude was measured on the Richter scale.
• The singer’s amplitude and vocal range were impressive during the performance.
• His generosity had an amplitude that extended beyond just money—he also gave his time and effort.
Synonyms
• For size/extent: Magnitude, range, breadth, scope
• For intensity: Strength, power, force
• For generosity (figurative use): Abundance, largeness, richness
inverse
Definition: Opposite in position, direction, order, or effect.
Synonyms: opposite, reverse, contrary, converse, antithetical
Example Sentences:
1. There is an inverse relationship between price and demand—when prices rise, demand usually falls.
2. His happiness seemed to be inverse to his workload; the more tasks he had, the less cheerful he became.
3. The mirror created an inverse reflection of my movements.
4. In mathematics, division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
5. Her reaction was the inverse of what I expected—she laughed instead of getting upset.
adverse
Adverse
Definition: Preventing success or development; harmful or unfavorable.
Synonyms: unfavorable, harmful, detrimental, hostile, disadvantageous
Example Sentences:
1. The company struggled due to adverse economic conditions.
2. He experienced adverse side effects from the medication.
3. The project faced adverse criticism from the public.
4. His reckless behavior put him in an adverse situation.
5. Extreme heat and humidity can have adverse effects on athletes.
affinity
Affinity
Definition: A natural liking for or connection to someone or something.
Synonyms: connection, attraction, fondness, liking, rapport, inclination
Example Sentences:
1. She has a strong affinity for classical music and spends hours listening to symphonies.
2. He felt an instant affinity with his new coworker because of their shared sense of humor.
3. My affinity for Italian cuisine led me to take a cooking class in Rome.
4. Scientists have discovered an affinity between certain species of birds and their environments.
5. His affinity for problem-solving made him a natural fit for the engineering team.
oddity
Oddity
Definition: A thing or quality that is unusual or peculiar; something that deviates from the norm.
Synonyms: anomaly, peculiarity, quirk, eccentricity, oddness
Everyday Example Sentences:
1. The oddity of his mismatched socks made him a topic of conversation at school.
2. There was an oddity in the way the streetlamp flickered every time the wind blew.
3. Her habit of collecting antique keys is one of her charming oddities.
4. The new cafe has an oddity in its interior design—a vintage telephone booth in the center of the room.
5. He explained the oddity in the computer program as a minor bug that occurred only on rainy days.
Juxtaposition Vs. Dichotomy
Juxtaposition and dichotomy both involve contrast, but they emphasize different aspects:
• Juxtaposition refers to the act of placing two or more elements side by side to highlight their differences or similarities. It’s often used as a literary or artistic technique to create meaning through comparison.
Example: The artist’s painting features the juxtaposition of urban chaos and serene nature to provoke thought.
• Dichotomy refers to a division into two parts that are entirely distinct or mutually exclusive. It implies an inherent, often fundamental contrast between two ideas, qualities, or groups.
Example: The novel explores the dichotomy between wealth and poverty in modern society.
In summary, while juxtaposition is about the deliberate placement for comparison, dichotomy is about the clear-cut division between two contrasting entities.
synergistically
Synergistically refers to the way two or more things work together in a way that produces a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Everyday Sentences:
The team worked synergistically, combining their skills to finish the project ahead of schedule.
The two companies partnered synergistically to create a product that neither could have achieved alone.
The ingredients in the soup blend synergistically, bringing out flavors that wouldn’t be as pronounced if used separately.
By working synergistically, the teachers and students created a more productive and supportive learning environment.
The athletes trained synergistically, with each player focusing on different aspects of fitness to improve the team’s overall performance.
Synonyms:
Collaboratively
Cooperatively
Harmoniously
Complementarily
In unison
Jointly
disjointed
Definition of Disjointed
• Lacking a logical sequence or connection; fragmented or unorganized.
• Separated or disconnected.
Everyday Sentences
1. His explanation was so disjointed that I couldn’t follow what he was trying to say.
2. After the power outage, our Zoom call became disjointed, with people talking over each other.
3. The movie felt disjointed, jumping from one scene to another without a clear storyline.
4. She tried to piece together last night’s conversation, but her memory was disjointed after a few drinks.
5. His argument was disjointed, making it hard to understand his main point.
Synonyms
• Unorganized
• Confusing
• Fragmented
• Disconnected
• Incoherent
• Jumbled
• Choppy
Diluted Vs Disjointed
Key Difference:
• Disjointed refers to something that is disorganized, fragmented, or lacking connection.
• Diluted means weakened or thinned out, often by adding something (like water to a drink or extra details to a story).
When They Might Overlap:
If something is both weak and lacks structure, you might use diluted in a way that overlaps with disjointed.
Example:
• The speech felt both diluted and disjointed, as he kept adding unnecessary details that weakened the main point.
But in most cases, they aren’t interchangeable. If you’re talking about something unorganized or fragmented, disjointed is the better word. If something feels weakened or watered down, use diluted.
adaptability
Adaptability refers to the ability to adjust to new conditions, environments, or situations. It involves being flexible and open to change.
Everyday Sentences:
1. In today’s rapidly changing job market, adaptability is a crucial skill for career success.
2. Her adaptability allowed her to thrive in various cultural settings during her travels.
3. The team’s adaptability to unforeseen challenges led to the project’s timely completion.
4. Children often display remarkable adaptability when adjusting to new schools.
5. His adaptability made him a valuable asset during the company’s restructuring.
Synonyms for Adaptability:
• Flexibility
• Versatility
• Resilience
• Malleability
• Pliability
• Adjustability
• Plasticity
• Pliancy
• Elasticity
• Changeability
Thorough Synonyms
Complete: Entire; having all necessary parts.
• Comprehensive: Covering all or nearly all elements or aspects.
• Exhaustive: Including all possibilities; fully comprehensive.
• Meticulous: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
• Detailed: Having many details or facts; showing attention to detail.
• Extensive: Covering a large area; having a wide scope.
• In-depth: Comprehensive and thorough.
• Painstaking: Done with or employing great care and thoroughness.
• Rigorous: Extremely thorough and careful.
• Absolute: Not qualified or diminished in any way; total.
nature vs nurture
The nature versus nurture debate explores the relative influence of genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) on human development, behavior, and personality. Nature refers to the genetic makeup we inherit from our parents, influencing traits like eye color, height, and certain behavioral tendencies. Nurture encompasses the various environmental factors we experience, such as upbringing, culture, education, and personal experiences, which shape our behaviors and beliefs.
Historically, this debate has seen shifts in perspective. In the early 20th century, biological determinism—the idea that genetics solely dictate behavior—was prominent. This view has been associated with controversial movements like eugenics and scientific racism.  However, contemporary research emphasizes that both genetics and environment are crucial, often interacting in complex ways to shape individual outcomes. For instance, while genetic predispositions exist, environmental factors can significantly influence whether and how these genetic tendencies manifest.
