Brodman Areas Flashcards
(56 cards)
Second Somatosensory Area
- at parietal operculum
- receives via VPL, VPM, intralaminar thalamic nuclei and SSI
- LESION- asymbolia for pain (absence of psychic reaction to pain stimuli)
Somatosensory association area
- Brodmann’s area 5,7
- superior parietal lobe
- fx: stereognosis
LESION-
•bilateral- optic ataxia
•unilateral- of no dominant cause a stereognosis & contralateral neglect (hemi-asomatognosia)
Agnosia
Patient cannot recognize objects felt with hand of side contralateral to parietal lobe lesion
Anosognosia
Patient denies having illness or lacks awareness of it
Gerstmann syndrome
- Finger Agnosia (can’t recognize diff fingers)
- A graphic (unable to write)
- Inability to distinguish left from right
- Alexia (deficient reading)
- Acalculia (unable to perform calculations)
Primary visual cortex
- brodmann’s 17
- surround calcarine sulcus
- input via geniculocalcarine tract and LGN
- macular projections go posterior
- peripheral projections go anterior
- each cortex receives ipsilateral half of retina conveying contralateral VF
Higher level visual cortex
- brodmann’s area 18,19
* integrated depth/3D
Prosopagnosia
- face/shape recognition deficit
* represented in inferior temporal cortex (visual cortex)
Middle temporal gyrus
- neurons receive info. From primary visual cortex responding to movement of objects in visual field
- LESION - movement Agnosia or cinetagnosia
Primary auditory cortex
• Brodmann’s area 41,42
• transverse temporal gyri of Heschl in superior temporal gyrus
• primary input via MGN
• predominantly contralateral organ of corti
LESION - acoustic Agnosia
Auditory Association Area (Wernicke’s Area)
- Brodmann’s area 22 (primarily Left)
- comprehension of spoken sound
- non dominant area specialized for nonspeech auditory info
- pt is unaware of deficit
Primary Gustatory Area
- Brodmann’s area 43
- parietal operculum
- input via VPM
- irritative lesions give hallucinations of taste
- blood supply Middle Cerebral Artery
Primary vestibular cortex
Possible loci: • temporo-perisylvian (mainly 40,21,22) • parietal operculum • posterior insular cortex • superior temporal gyrus (ant. Pt of 22) • primary somesthetic area
Primary motor cortex
- Brodmann’s area 4
- anterior part of paracentral lobule
- HOMUNCULUS
- main input via other motor areas, somatosensory cortex and VL of thalamus
- FOCAL LESION- flaccid paralysis of contralateral half
Pre-motor cortex
- Brodmann’s area 6
- activated when new motor program is created or changed based off of sensory info
- lesions - APRAXIA (impaired performance of learned movements, not paralysis)
Ideomotor Apraxia
Patient knows what they want to do but unable to perform on command
Ideational Apraxia
Patient fails to carry out correct sequence of acts although individual movements are correct
Agraphia
- inability to write
- damage to premotor cortex
- if speech unaffected indicates damage to left angular gyrus (inferior parietal)
frontal eye field
- Brodmann’s area 8
- cause conjugate movement of eyes to left
- if damaged, eyes look towards lesion
Prefrontal cortex
- Brodmann’s 9,10,11,12
- emotional and intellectual processes
- reciprocal connections with amygdaloid body (temporal lobe) and mediodorsal nucleus - react dependent off past experiences
- monitors behavior, judgement and foresight
- lateral part contributes to olfaction
Who is Phineas Gage
- prefrontal cortex injury
* survived but severe personality changes to irritable, hostile, disrespectful
Broca’s area
- posterior part of triangular gyrus (45) and frontal operculum (44)
- associated with speaking/expression
- input from Wernicke’s via Arcuate Fasiculus
- lesions associated with aphasia
Brodmann’s Area 3,1,2
Primary somatosensory cortex (post central gyrus)
Brodmann’s Area 4
Primary Motor Cortex
Precentral Gyrus
