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unit 2 > Brokerage Accounts > Flashcards

Brokerage Accounts Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

How frequently must statements be sent to customers atleast?

A

Quarterly

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3
Q

linder what conditions must monthly statements be sent?

A

If there’s account activity during the month

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4
Q

What 3 things do brokerage account provide a historical view of?

A
  1. account activity
  2. security values
  3. overall balances
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5
Q

When can a firm hold mail for up to three months for any reason?

A

if customer requests in writing

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6
Q

What is the access = delivery rule?

A

Firm must have reasonable proof the customer has internet access in order to send electronic statements

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7
Q

How do firms certify their customer has internet access?

A

Customers sign a request for electronic delivery

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8
Q

When can mail be held longer than 3 months?

A

for legitimate reasons

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9
Q

When are monthly statements sent? Quarterly?

A

Monthly if there is activity
Quarterly if there is not

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10
Q

9 things trade confirmations detail?

A
  1. customer’s name
  2. account number
    3 security bought or sold
  3. number of shares or units traded
  4. date and time of transaction
  5. fees and/or comissions
  6. capacity of firm
  7. accrued interest
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11
Q

When must trade confirmations be sent by?

A

By the time of completion of transaction (settlement)

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12
Q

Who pays accrued interest to who?

A

bond buyer to bond seller

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13
Q

What must a representative do when they receive a complain?

A

document and submit i tto their principal

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14
Q

What counts as a complaint by law?

A

when it is submitted in writing

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15
Q

what does the patriot act require

A

requires submitting specific pieces of information in order to open new accounts?

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16
Q

What are the four pieces of critical information to open an account?

A
  1. name
  2. date of birth
  3. address
  4. SSN or TIN
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17
Q

What must a customer provide to open an account if they are not a US resident?

A
  1. passport
  2. US tax id number
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18
Q

Two ways brokerage firm verify customers identity?

A
  1. Checking with credit bureaus to see if info matches
  2. gov issued iD
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19
Q

What is the purpose of requiring the person’s occupation on account opening?

A

To see if they are an affiliate of a publicly traded company or works in the industry

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20
Q

Two things controllers are limited by Rule 144

A
  1. limited to selling the greater of the last four week’s trading average
    or
  2. 1 percent of the outstanding shares, four times a year
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21
Q

What are customers banned from purchasing if they work in the finance industr?

A

Common Stock IPO

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22
Q

What 3 things must a registered representative do to open an account at another brokerage firm?

A
  1. obtain written approval from their employer
  2. notify them when the account is opened
  3. provide with duplicate statements and trade confirmations if requested
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23
Q

What type of questions are optional to answer for customers opening an account?

A

suitability questions

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24
Q

What are the consequences of a customer not giving suitability information?

A

Firm cannot make recommendations to their customer

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25
Q

What type of account is a cash account?

A

Regular brokerage account

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26
Q

What does a cash account require the customer to do?

A

Pay 100% for any securities they purchase

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27
Q

What do margin accounts allow customers to do?

A

Borrow from broker dealer

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28
Q

Who signs the new cash account form and who doesn’t?

A
  1. Registered representative may sign
  2. Principal must sign
  3. customer does not sign
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29
Q

What is the phrase that means the principal will sign the cash account form?

A

“in good order”

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30
Q

What does the firm have to send the customer after cash account is confirmed and in how many days?

A

A confirmation of the information they provided on the new account within 30 days

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31
Q

What is the firm required to verify in a cash account and how often?

A

Customer information every three years

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32
Q

What does the customer sign when opening a brokerage account?

A

Arbitration agreement

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33
Q

What does the arbitration agreement force between the firm and customer and what does it do?

A

Any disputes between the customer and the firm into binding arbitration which makes the customer unable to sue the firm in court

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34
Q

Through what manner can customers gain restitution for disputes?

A

FINRA’s arbitration system

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35
Q

What does the registered representative’s signature claim?

A

THe information in the form is correct

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36
Q

Customers cannot sue firms if they’ve signed an….

A

arbitration agreement

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37
Q

Whose signature effectively approves a cash account?

A

principal

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38
Q

What counts as an individual account?

A

An account owned and operated by one person

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39
Q

What three are registrations chosen based upon?

A
  1. account ownership
  2. tax reporting
  3. beneficiary designations
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40
Q

What kind of account maintains a transfer in death (TOD) designation?

A

individual account

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41
Q

Who can inherit a Transfer On Death (TOD) account?

A

Person or an organization

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42
Q

What is the role of a probate court?

A

distributing a deceased person’s assets to surviving family, friends, and creditors

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43
Q

What kind of circumstance/account do probate courts handle?

A

Assets and accounts without named TODs

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44
Q

What two things must a beneficiary provide to receive inheritance from TOD?

A
  1. certified death certificate
  2. account
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45
Q

What is the difference between TODs and wills

A

TOD are contracts etween customer and firm to turn over assets and account to named beneficiary

Wills created outside of custodial firm with legal assistance

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46
Q

What is the difference in probate between wills and TOD?

A

TOD are handled outside of probate, wills are subject to probateWhat

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47
Q

What supercedes? Wills or TOD?

A

TODs supersede

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48
Q

What does it mean if a person dies testate?

A

Have a valid will in plae prior to death?

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49
Q

Who is the executor in the will?

A

Person nominated to handle deceased person’s estate

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50
Q

What must the executor do to gain legal authority?

A

present the will to their local probate court

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51
Q

What are two responsibilities of executor?

A
  1. Paying off outstanding debts and taxes
  2. distributing remainaing assets to beneficiaries
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52
Q

What is a letters testamentary?

A

The document a court gives that validates the will

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53
Q

What must the executor present to the firm maintaining custody of the decedents?

A

The letters testamentary

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54
Q

Three ways intestates differ from testate?

A
  1. Surviving family members petition probate to nominate estate administrator instead of executor
  2. Court issues letters of administration to confirm person
  3. Letters of administration are submitted to firm
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55
Q

What three things must be cancelled immediately upon a customer’s death?

A
  1. limit orders
  2. stop orders
  3. stop limit
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56
Q

Three things that must happen after death of customer?

A
  1. Cancel pending orders
  2. flag as deceased
  3. Obtain proper documentation
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57
Q

What is necessary if the decendent resided in a state with estate tax?

A

Inheritance tax waiver

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58
Q

What does the inheritance tax waiver do?

A

Ensures proper protocols are being followed

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59
Q

What is a numbered account?

A

Does not show the customer’s name but a string of numbers

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60
Q

What does the probate court determine?

A

distribution of estate assets

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61
Q

What does a TOD avoid?

A

Probate

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62
Q

4 typical documents required to claim accounts

A
  1. certified death certificate
  2. letters of testamentary (if no TOD and died testate)
  3. Letters of administration (if no TOD and died intestate)
  4. Inheritance tax waiWhat must ver
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63
Q

What must customer provide to open numbered account?

A

Written attestation of ownership

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64
Q

two types of joint accounts

A

with rights of survivorship

tenants in common

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65
Q

What do joint with rights of survivorship accounts provide?

A

Equal ownership rights to all owners

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66
Q

Why would joint with rights of survivorship accounts contain a TOD?

A

If all account onwers pass away

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67
Q

What do tenants in common accounts provide?

A

Specific ownership allotments to their owners

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68
Q

What happens if someone passes away in a TIC account?

A

Their percentage becomes property of their estate and is handled in probate court

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69
Q

How do account premissions work between all owners of joint accounts?

A

They all have the same permissions

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70
Q

What is the probate differentiation in WROS and TIC?

A

WROS avoid probate

TIC subject to probate

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71
Q

What’s the difference between Tenants by entirety TBE/community property and joint WROS accounts?

A

ONly married couples may open tenants by entirety/community property

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72
Q

Whose names must be written on checks in a joint account?

A

All joint owners?

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73
Q

Three things all joint owners can do?

A
  1. trade
  2. receive mail
  3. manage account
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74
Q

Who must echecks be made payable to in a joint WROS account?

A

All owners of the account

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75
Q

Who receives the assets of the deseased in a TIC account?

A

The decendent’s estate

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76
Q

What does a Power. ofAttorney allow?

A

someone other than the account owners to take action in the accounts

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77
Q

What are 4 types of POAs?

A
  1. Limited poa
  2. full poa
  3. non durable poa
  4. durable poa
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78
Q

What can a limited POA do/not do?

A

only perform transactions. onaccoutn but not withdrawal

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79
Q

What can a Full POA do?

A

Transactions as well as withdrawals

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80
Q

What is the difference between durable and non durable POA?

A

Durable POAs survive incapacitation whereas non-durable POAs cease to exist if account owner becomes incapacitated

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81
Q

When does a Power Attorney Cease

A

Either at incapacitation (non-durable) or deathWhat

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82
Q

What is POA also referred to ask?

A

Trading authorization

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83
Q

What does a discretionary account provide?

A

provides a financial professional with trading authority over an account

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84
Q

What type of account is a discretionary account?

A

a fiduciary account

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85
Q

What is a fiduciary?

A

Third party overseeing another person’s assets

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86
Q

WHat must trades be marked as if your broker has POA on your acconts?

A

Marked as discretionary

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87
Q

What are the three decision areas discretionary orders make on behalf of a customer?

A
  1. Asset
  2. Action
  3. Amount
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88
Q

What do asset, action, and amount each refer to?

A

Asset: what security is being bought or sold
Action: if the security is being bought or sold
Amount: how many shares or units are being bought or sold

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89
Q

What is the AAA rule?

A

If the financial professional chooses the asset action. oramount, the order is considered discretionary and requires POA to be submitted.

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90
Q

What two things can be decided WITHOUT POA?

A
  1. price of the security
  2. time of trade
91
Q

In what two situations can a financial advisor not have to mark a trade as discretionary?

A

If they choose the price and/or time of transaction and if principal reviews right away

92
Q

How long must the trade be completed in order to maintain a non-discretionary status?

A

1 day

93
Q

What are discretionary accounts marketed to investors as and why?

A

Wrap accounts because they have all. theservices wrapped up into one fee

94
Q

How are wrap account fees charged?

A

Asset under management AUM

95
Q

What type of account is a wrap account?

A

type of discretionary

96
Q

When must trading authority be received for any discretionary trades being placsed?

A

prior to

97
Q

Are discretionary accounts supervised more or less rreuently?

A

more frequently

98
Q

When must discretionary trades be approved by prinicipal?

A

promptly after order entry

99
Q

A wrap account is considered what type of product for regulatory purposes?

A

investment advisor product

100
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF custodial acscounts?

A

UGMA and UTMA

101
Q

Who is tax reported under for a custodial account?

A

minor’s SSN

102
Q

What are 3 restrictions. on custodial accounts?

A
  1. may not be transferred to another
  2. only one custodian and minor per account
  3. contributions are irrevocoble
103
Q

who can open a brokerage account on behalf of a minor?

A

any adult

104
Q

Why type of account is a guardian account?

A

fiduciary

105
Q

What type of investments must guardian accounts avoid?

A

risky

106
Q

WHEN ARE GUARDIANSHIP accounts opened?

A

when someone cannot manage their own finances, incapacitation

107
Q

Who manages the guardian account?

A

managed by court-appointed guardian

108
Q

Three people involved in trust accounts?

A
  1. grantors
  2. trustees
  3. beneficiary
109
Q

What are grantors responsible for

A

creating and funding the trust

110
Q

What does the beneficiary specify in the trust agreement?

A
  1. objectives
  2. management style
  3. trust beneficiaries
111
Q

What is the risk environment for trust accounts?

A

You can be more risky and open it as margin

112
Q

What does the trustee do?

A

manage. thetrust for beneficiaries

113
Q

what type of account is a trust account?

A

fiduciary

114
Q

who can place trades in a trust account?

A

the managee

115
Q

When can a trust account be a margin account?

A

when it is explicitly approed in the trust agreement

116
Q

what type of account is not eligible for margin?

A

cash account

117
Q

what are two roles of limited partnerships

A
  1. one who manages the origination
  2. one who invests in the organization
118
Q

What must be submitted for either type of partnership?

A

A partnership agreement

119
Q

What 3 things must a partnership agreement include?

A
  1. business name
  2. partners’ information
  3. roles and responsibilities of partners
120
Q

What two things need to be submitted to open a corporate account?

A

A corporate charter and a corporate resolution

121
Q

What does the corporate charter confirm?

A

The corporation’s legal status

122
Q

What does the corporate resolution name?

A

The corporation’s employees that may act on behalf of the entire corporation

123
Q

Are business/partnership accounts considered a type of joint account?

A

NO

124
Q

What type of document is required to open a business account for a limited partnership?

A

A document naming all general and limited partners

125
Q

What is a prime brokerage account?

A

Brokerage accounts where there is one central broker with many other brokers actually executing trades

126
Q

Who is always the prime broker?

A

The financial firm

127
Q

What are three things the prime broker does?

A
  1. maintains custody of assets
  2. recordkeeping
  3. send trades to various firms
128
Q

What type of investor most often uses prime brokerage accounts?

A

hedge funds

129
Q

On what, and how do clients save with prime brokerage accounts?

A

They save on interest using margin loans all through one firm cuz firms charge lower interest for larger loans

130
Q

What are the two main types of accounts at brokerage firms?

A

Cash and margin

131
Q

What two things define cash accounts?

A
  1. require customers to pay 100 percent for each security
  2. prohibit strategies that involve unlimited loss potential
132
Q

What do margin accounts allow for?

A

Borrowing money for investment purposes

133
Q

Wht does using levrage in a brokerage account do?

A

Amplify gain or loss

134
Q

What must customers fill out and sign before opening a margin account?

A

The margin agreement

135
Q

What are the three subsections of a margin agreement/

A
  1. hypothecation agreement
  2. crdit agreement
  3. consent loan form
136
Q

What. isa hypothecation agreement?

A

Customer pledges securities as collateral for their margin account

137
Q

What is rehypothecation and who does it?

A

Rehypothecation is when broker-dealers pledge their customers’ securities to banks in return for a loan

138
Q

What does Regulation U allow?

A

broker-dealer to rehypotheciate securities up to 140% of the amount of the customer’s loan to the bank. matu

139
Q

What are defensive stocks?

A

Defensive stocks (non-cyclical) do not respond significantly to volatility in the market

140
Q

how does the broker dealer make money rehypothecating?

A

They take the borrowed money from the bank and re-loan it at a slightly higher interest rate

141
Q

What is the broker loan rate?

A

The difference between the interest rate paid by the broker to the bank and the interest rate charged to the broker dealer’s customer

142
Q

What two things does the agreement for a margin account contain?

A
  1. method of acalculating margin interest
  2. repayment schedule
143
Q

when must a disclosure be provided for margin account?

A

If the inverstor’s credit will be checked

144
Q

What is the loan consent form?

A

The agreement to allow the broker dealer to lend out their securities to other customers for short sales

145
Q

When can one persons investments be held in another person’s account?

A

Margin accounts

146
Q

When is comingling of securties allowed and not alloweid?

A

Allowed: for margin accounts
Not allowed: For cash accounts

147
Q

Which does and does not have to be signed by the customer in the margin agreement?

A

Credit agreement must be signed
Loan consent does not

148
Q

Regulation U covers what relationship?

A

Broker dealer and bank

149
Q

What does the hypothecation agreement do?

A

pledge the customer’s securities as collateral

150
Q

What is the rehypothecation rate?

A

140% of the debit balance

151
Q

Which margin agreement allows the firm to lend customer margin securities?

A

loan consent form

152
Q

The credit agreement details…?

A

THe margin loan structure and how interest is computed

153
Q

How much must an investor deposit into a margin account to comply with regulation T?

A

They must deposit 50% of the overall transaction

154
Q

How much is required by FINRA to have in margin equity to make margin loans?

A

2000

155
Q

Which deposit requirement is used between FINRA’s and Regulation T?

A

Whichever one is greater

156
Q

What can an investor do to avoid the deposit requirements?

A

Hold fully-paid securities as collateral for margin account

157
Q

What are marginable securities?

A

Securities that can be purchased with borrowed funds or act as collateral

158
Q

What are 6 examples of marginable securities?

A
  1. exchange listed stocks
  2. federal reserve approved OTC stocks
  3. debt securities
  4. Primary offerings after 30 days of ownership
  5. LEAPS options with more than 9 months to expiration
  6. Warrants
159
Q

What type of securities can not be purchased on margin with borrowed funds, but what can the be used as?

A

IPOs and Mutual FUnds can be used as collateral towards a purchase of another security

160
Q

What are 5 non-marginable securities?

A
  1. otc stocks not approved by the federal reserve
  2. primary offerings held less than 30 days
  3. Any option with 9 months or less to maturity
  4. Insurance products
  5. rights
161
Q

What 5 accounts cannot use margin?

A
  1. Custodial accounts
  2. Guardianship accounts
  3. Trust accounts
  4. Education plans
  5. Retirement accounts
162
Q

When can trust accounts be used margin?

A

When they are specifically authorised in the trust agreement

163
Q

How many business days is Regulation T settlement?

A

Two business days after regular way settlement

164
Q

What two things can happen if the invstor does not deliver the required cash or securities by Regulation T settlement?

A
  1. request an extension for the customer
  2. freeze the account
165
Q

What is the most common process when a customer does not deliver the cash or securities for Regulation T?

A

Liquidating the customer’s positions and freezing the account

166
Q

What CAN a customer still do with a frozen account?

A

perform transactions if the funds are immediately available

167
Q

How long do accounts remain frozen?

A

90 days

168
Q

What two things does Regulation T require?

A
  1. 50% deposit for margin trade
  2. May deposit 2x Reg T requirement in fully paid securities
169
Q

What is the minimum equity requirement in FINRA margin account?

A

2000

170
Q

When is an account frozen?

A

When customer misses REg. T settlement

171
Q

What is the T+ for Regulation T settlement?

A

T+4

172
Q

What organization offers extensions for REgulation T settlement?

A

FINRA

173
Q

What is the initial deposit requirement in a cash account?

A

100% of transaction value

174
Q

What does equity represent in a margin account?

A

The customer’s net ownership value

175
Q

What are two equity formulas?

A
  1. long account equity formula
  2. short account equity formula
176
Q

What is the formula for equity in a long account?

A

LMV-Debit = Equity

177
Q

What does Long Market Value represent?

A

Overall value of all owned securities held in the account

178
Q

What does debit represent in the long equity account formula?

A

The outstanding loan amount borrowed from the broker dealer

179
Q

What do you do to the equity formula if the person sells the stock?

A

Add the gains from the stock sale to the LMV

180
Q

What is the formula for a short account equity?

A

Credit - SMV = Equity

181
Q

What does the credit represent in the short acount equity formula?

A

The cash held in a margin account being held to buy back shares

182
Q

What two places does the cash(the credit) come from in a short margin account?

A
  1. short sale
  2. deposit when creating the short position
183
Q

What does SMV Short market value stand for?

A

The overall value of the short securities in the account

184
Q

What is the formula for credit balance in a short margin account?

A

the combination of the amount sold short and the customer deposit

185
Q

What is the combined equity formula?

A

LMV+Credit-SMV - Debt

186
Q

What is the formula for equity level?

A

Equity/Market value

187
Q

What is the minimum maintenence percent for long accounts?

A

25% equity

188
Q

WHen is a long account considered restricted?

A

When it is below 50% in equity

189
Q

What must be done when the long accoun t is below 50% equity?

A

Half of any sales proceeds must be used to pay back borrowed funds

190
Q

What is the minimum equity maintenance for short accounts?

A

30% equity

191
Q

What does it mean if a short account goes underwater?

A

If the market value went above the credit balance

192
Q

What is the FINRA rule number that requires a very specific process for opening an options account?

A

FINRA Rule 2360

193
Q

What are the 5 steps to open an options account according to FINRA Rule 2360?

A
  1. Customer fills out the new account form
  2. Financial representative provides ODD
  3. Account is approved by an options supervisor
  4. First trade “open” the account
  5. Customer returns signed options agreement within 15 days
194
Q

What personal information must customer disclose to open options account?

A

Name
DOB
SSN
Address

195
Q

What are the consequences of the customer not providing enough suitability info?

A

Higher risk of count being disapproved

196
Q

Who is the form sent to when the options account form is filled out?

A

ROP- Series 4 or General Security Sales Supervisor

197
Q

What must the firm send the investor and after what action?

A

15 days after options account is opened, options form

198
Q

What type of confirmation must the customer give to affirm the documentation for an option account?

A

Negative confirmation

199
Q

Who must present what after the new account form is completed for options accounts?

A

The representative must provide the Options Disclusure Document

200
Q

When must the ODD occur delivery?

A

Prior to opening an options account or any options-related discussion.

201
Q

What does the suitability for form options trading determine?

A

The level of options trading the investor is eligible for

202
Q

How many days does the options customer have to return signed options agreement?

A

15

203
Q

What happens if the signed agreement for options is not returned within 15 days?

A

The account will be restricted to only closing transactions

204
Q

What 3 things does the Options Disclusre Document Dislose?

A
  1. Characteristics
  2. Risks
  3. Beneits of otpions
205
Q

What two thingsdoes the options agreement confirm that the investor has done?

A
  1. received the ODD
  2. Will abide by OCC rules
206
Q

What license does the Registered options prinicipal hold?

A

Series 4

207
Q

What license does the General Securities Sales Supervisor Hold?

A

9/10

208
Q

Who are the two people that may approve options accounts?

A
  1. General Securities Sales supervisor
  2. Registered options principal
209
Q

What is the ROP supervisor over?

A

Options activity

210
Q

What is the General Securities Sales Supervisor supervisor over?

A

General brokerage activity

211
Q

What two documents must be delivered and when?

A

THe ODD must be provided immediately and the Options agreement within 15 days

212
Q

What is SIPC Insurance?

A

Non profit that provides insurance to brokerage firm customers incase of broker-dealer’s bankruptcy

213
Q

What does the SIPC do when a brokerage firm becomes insolvent?

A

Ensures their customers receive the assets in their accounts

214
Q

Up to how much money do SIPC insurance cover brokerage firm customers for securities and cash and per what?

A

500,000 total, up to 250,000 in cash per registration

215
Q

What is not covered by SIPC in a margin account?

A

Only equity, not cash

216
Q

What must a customer deduct from their margin account to apply for SIPC coverage?

A

If they owe any money to the broker-dealer

217
Q

What type of creditor does a customer become if the coverage exceeds the limits of SIPC insurance?

A

general creditor

218
Q

What two times does a broker dealer have to provide annual confirmations of SIPC?

A

at opening
annually

219
Q

Does SIPC coverage cover per account or per person?

A

Per person

220
Q

What is covered first by SPIC in the event of broker dealer failure?

A

Cash first, then securities

221
Q

What 4 things do Business Continuity Plans (BCP) include?

A
  1. data recovery programs
  2. meeting locations for employees
  3. alternative communication plans for employees
  4. alternative communication plans for customers
222
Q

Where/when must firms provide outline to Business Continuity Plans?

A

When they first open account
When requested in writing
make it available on website

223
Q

What do business continuity plans provide?

A

protocols in the event of business disruption

224
Q
A

unit 2 (18 decks)

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