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BRS1 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

what are standard growth curves

A

represent growth for age of 95% of children. can plot weight, height, BMI and head circumfrance

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2
Q

what is FTT

A

this is abnormal growth. concern when the child’s weight crosses two major percentile isobars

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3
Q

expected weight gain birth - 3 months

A

30grams/day. regain birth weight by 2 weeks

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4
Q

expected weight gain 3 months- 6 months

A

20 grams/day

double birth weight by 4-6 months

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5
Q

expected weight gain 6-12 months

A

10 grams/day

triple birth weight by 12 months

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6
Q

expected weight gain 1-2 yrs

A

250 grams/month

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7
Q

expected weight gain 2 yrs- adolescence

A

2.3 kg /year

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8
Q

expected height increase 0-12 months

A

25 cm/year. birth length should increase by 50% by 12 months

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9
Q

expected height increase 13-24 months

A

12.5 cm/year

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10
Q

expected height increase 2 yrs to adolescence

A

6.25 cm/year.
birth length doubles by age 4
birth length triples by age 13 yrs

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11
Q

most common cause of FTT

A

inorganic- problems with mom and baby bonding, inadequate intake etc.

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12
Q

when does majority of head growth occur

A

between first 2 years of life

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13
Q

expected head growth 0-2 months

A

.5 cm/week

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14
Q

expected head growth 2-6 months

A

.25 cm/week

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15
Q

expected head growth by 12 months

A

total increase is 12 cm since birth

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16
Q

head circumfrance at birth is ___ % of normal adult head size

A

25%

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17
Q

head circumfrance at 1 yr is ___ % of normal adult head size

A

75%

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18
Q

microcephaly definition

A

head circumfrance is 2-3 standard deviations below mean for age. always associated with a small brain. think cerebral palsy or seizures

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19
Q

craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of one or more cranial sutures

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20
Q

diseases assocaited with craniosyntosis

A

Crouzen and Apert syndromes, intrauterine crowding, metabolic abnormalities- hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia

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21
Q

when is brain growth complete

A

by age 5. 90% done by age 2

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22
Q

dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly

A

premature closure of sagittal suture. head is longer and narrower

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23
Q

brachycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture. optic nerve damage

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24
Q

trigonocephaly

A

premature closure of metopic suture. angular shaped head.

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25
plagiocephaly
asymmetry of the infant head. not associated with premature suture closure
26
most common type of plagiocephaly
positional plagiocephaly. flattening of the occiput.
27
disease asocited with positional plagiocephaly
congenital muscular torticollis.
28
macrocephaly definition
head circumfrance > 95% for age. not a reflection of brain size.
29
causes of macrocephaly
familial, overgrowth syndromes, metabolic (canavan syndrome, gangliosides), neurofibromatosis, achondroplasia, hydrocephalus, tumor.
30
what are the three live vaccines
varicella, MMR, Sabin or oral polio vaccine
31
HBV vaccine timing
three shots within first year of life. recombinant vaccine
32
DTAP timing
remember this is safer bc it is acellular. inactivated vaccine. DTAP given at 2,4,6 months with booster 12-18 months, and 4-6 years. then give dT vaccine at 11-12 yrs and then every 10 years after. children over 7 yrs get dt and not dTAP
33
polio vaccine timing
only can get inactivated shot in US. 2, 4 months, with boosters at 6-18 months, and 4-6 years
34
H flu tybe b vaccine timing
conjugate vaccine. H flu polysaccharide linked to various protein antigens like diphtheria or tetanis toxoid to augment immunogenicity. given at either 2, 4 and 6 months with booster at 12-15 month or 2,4, and 12 months depends on type of vaccine conjugate
35
MMR vaccine timing
live attenuated vaccine. | 12-15 months with a bosoter at 4-6 yrs or 11-12 yrs
36
varicella vaccine timing
live attenuated vaccine. 12-18 months
37
Hep A vaccine timing
inactivated vaccine. 2 yrs or older, with booster 6 months later for those suceptible or immunocompromised.
38
pneumovax timing
polysaccharide capsular antigen. this is used mostly for older children- doesn't work in young kids. also can be given to those high risk for pneumonia like sickle cell disease
39
prevnar vaccine timing
includes immunogenicity and efficiency in those under 2 years for pneumonia and meningitis. all children less than 2 and those older who are at high risk. recommended at 2,4, and 6 months with booster at 12-15 months
40
contraindications to vaccines
anaphalaxis, encephalopathy within 7 days of DtAP, neurologic issues (no DTaP), immunodeficiency patients should not receive oral polio, MMR and varicella.
41
brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)
this is a way to measure newborn hearing. expensive and req skilled workers. measures EEG after clicks
42
evoked otoacoustic emission
measures osund waves by normal cochlear hair cells detected by microphone.
43
what do all states screen newborns for?
although tests vary, all screen for congenital hypothyroidism, PKE and galactosemia. treatable but can cause irreversible brain damage. majority screen for sickle cell
44
cholesterol screening in children
only after age 2 yrs and only if there is family history of high cholesterol or early MI
45
iron deficiency anemia screening
most common between 9-15 months of age. screen hemoglobin during this time and between 4-6 yrs
46
TB screening for kids
only for children at risk of getting TB
47
plumbism
this is lead intoxication
48
symptoms of lead poisoning
anorexia, apathy, lethargy, anemia, irritability and vomiting. chronic lead issues can be asymptomatic. can lead to encephalopy and developmental delay
49
when to screen for lead
because it can be asymptomatic, you need to screen for it. | all children 9 months-6 yrs who are exposed to lead like from school or dilapidated housing conditions etc.
50
is circumcision recomended for health reasons (medical)
NO. it is unclear. less penile and HPV (in women partners). increased UTIs.
51
medical reasons for circumcision
phimosis, paraphimosis (can't retract the foreskin normally) and balantis (inflammation of glans penis- think candida or other infections)
52
when do initial teeth come in
between 3-16 months, average at 6 months.
53
what is the first tooth generally
lower central incisor
54
primary teeth
generally 20- established by 2 yrs.
55
secondary teeth
begins with lower central incisor. 6-8 yrs of age. 32 total teeth.
56
delayed dental eruption
occurs after 16 months (primary eruption). assocaited with hypothyroidism, hypo pituatarism, genetics like Down's and ectodermal dysplasia (conical shape teeth).
57
early dental eruption
before 3 months. hyperthyroidism, precocious puberty, too much growth hormone.
58
when are teeth susceptible to excess flouride
teeth are most suctible to flourosis (too much fluoride) between 2-4 yrs
59
who needs exces flouride
children breast fed past 6 months (exclusively) and those living in areas where tap water has little flouride
60
natal teeth definition
present at birth. usually mandibular central incisors
61
neonatal teeth
teeth grow or emerge in first month of life. usually mandibular central incisors
62
nursing cavities
seen 24-30 months. falling asleep with a nipple in the mouth. strep mutans is the most common bacterial agent. usually involves maxillary incisors, canines and primary first molars.
63
tooth damage
a permanent tooth that has been traumatically avulsed can be re-implanted if placed into the socket rapidly. store in liquid like milk.

Pediatrics (3 decks)

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