BS2 REDUCED Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
Why was the North a difficult region to control
A
- geographically isolated causing poor communication
2
Q
H8 attempt at increasing control in the North
A
using his illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy in 1525
3
Q
Northern families not always keeping the peace
A
1525- Lord Dacre fined £1,000 for his tolerance to disorder
4
Q
When was the Council re-organised
A
1537 after PoG
5
Q
How was the Council of the North re-organised
A
- became voice of the people in London and permanent HQ in York established
6
Q
Where was the authority of the council of the north extended to
A
Durham, Cumberland and Westmorland
7
Q
where was President of the Council of the North from
A
From Midlands or the South- allowed impartiality
8
Q
Changes having to be made to council of the North
A
1569 Revolt of the Northern Earls- imposition of Protestants created resentment
9
Q
Changes in 1572 to Council of the North
A
Henry Hastings made president of the North
- traditional power of noble families such as Dacres, Percies and Nevilles eroded
10
Q
What was Wales considered
A
- Area of lawlessness and social disorder
11
Q
Wales prior to 1535
A
- Operated under separate law system
- trad. blood fued existing
12
Q
What did the 1535 Act of Union do
A
- Abolished principality of Wales and marcher lordships with 12 English Style counties
13
Q
What was the english style of government
A
use of sherrife, coroners and JPs to ensure local order
14
Q
1542 Wales Act cementing this control
A
- Replaced law with an English system
- Council of the Marches re-organised into the Council of Wales 1542
15
Q
Council of Wales 1542
A
- more formal body
- president and vice-president appointed by monarch
16
Q
Yeomen leading rebellions, formulating demands and acting as spokesmen
A
- 1497 Cornish Rising
-1549 Kett’s rebellion
17
Q
What led to increased literacy
A
humanist ideas
18
Q
Oxford
A
1,150- 1550
2,000- at the end
19
Q
male illiteracy
A
80%- 1550
72%- 1600
20
Q
yeomen no longer left out of local govt (3)
A
- prosperous and literate administered poor laws
- part of the legal system, less likely to take part in rebellion
- Oxfordshire Riot 1596, did not include yeomen
21
Q
taxes prior to 1513
A
- via medieval method based on ‘fifteenths and tenths’, based on property known as moveables
22
Q
medieval method causing discontent (2)
A
- possible for those with wealth and power to avoid paying their share
- urban communities paying more than those in countrysides
23
Q
tax based revolts
A
Yorkshire 1489
Cornwall 1497
24
Q
1513 Subsidy social tension
A
REDUCED- wealthiest in society contributed more to taxation
25
1513 subsidy SUCCESS
repeated in 1514, 15, 23
- raised £320,000
26
1513 subsidy limited
- by the end of E1 reign only generated £80,000
- increasingly corrupt after 1563
- contributed to political tensions of 1593
27
1563 social issues (3)
- bad harvests 1554-56
- outbreak of influenza 1555 and 1559
- LEDTO social and economic crises, caused pressure on central and local authorities to control vagrancy and pot. social disorder
28
1563 Statute of artificers (3)
- required wages to be set and assessed by JPs annually
- hours of work being fixed
- everyone between ages 12-60 required to work on the lands to ensure adequate food supplies
29
1563 Statute of artificers success (2)
- lasted for the rest of the period
- government emphasised food production as an essential job
30
Statute of Artificers 1563 limitation (2)
- Further acts to control poverty were needed
- Vagrancy began to increase in 1580s and 1590s
31
1590s social instability
- riots in Oxfordshire 1596
- 1596 food riots in London, South East and South West
32
1598 Act for the relief of the Poor (3)
- local administration of **Poor Relief**
- post of **"overseer of the poor"** assessing the amount of Poor relief needed
- Act later combined with the **Act for the Relief of Soldiers and Mariners** (provided pensions for wounded former soldiers)
33
1598 Act Long Lasting
- lasted till 1834
34
JPs role in 1598 Act
supervised the 'overseer of the poor'
35
Why did monarchs allow for increased borough representation
- kept nobility and gentry happy
- allowed for the manipulation in elctions
36
Edward 6 new MPS
34 new MPs
37
M1 new MPs
25 new Mps
38
E1 new MPs
62- including rotten boroughs of Dunwich and Andover
39
Crown creating new boroughs, so that it could place its own candidates
Christopher Hatton elected as MP for Higham Ferrers in 1571
40
Creation of new Boroughs limitations
- Increased number of MPs, harder to control parliamentary debates
- M1 facing revolt by MPs in 1555
41
H7 effectively using patronage to secure his position on the throne
made Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford and entrusted him with control of Wales and the Marches in 1490
42
Henry Viii using patronage to extend royal control
- granted Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk estates in Lincolnshire in 1536, to reassert royal power in the region after PoG
43
Patronage misused, relying on a strong, active monarch
Court faction led by Edward Seymore, Earl of Hertford, manipulating H8's will to gain control over Edward Vi, making a member of the nobility too powerful
44
Patrinage causing factions and political tensions
- Rival factions led by Robert Cecil and Earl of Essex
45
Patronage causing rival factions
Rivalry between Robert Cecil and Earl of Essex
46
What did Earl of Essex do?
1601- Earl of Essex and 140 supporters planned to use an armed force to surround and capture the Queen, ultimately failed
47
What did Royal progresses allow
- allowed monarchs to increase their visibility, reminding their subjects of their military and legal power
48
Henry 7 progresses to secure his position on the throne
- went on a progress of the Midlands and the North a year after the Battle of Bosworth, as well as in 1487 and 1497, when he faced challenges
- sustain direct contact with the localities
49
H8 Progresses to increase support and minimise challenges
- Travelled to the North in 1541, reports of further political unrest
50
Nature of Elizabeth's progresses
- Went on progresses annually, venturing to the farthest regions of the country such as Yorkshire and Cornwall
51
Why did Elizabeth go on progresses
- Enhanced her authority and improved her relations with the men she trusted to run local government on her behalf
52
What were Lord lieutenants responsible for
- recruiting and training troops for defense of the kingdom
53
Why did the post of Lord lieutenant emerge
Result of the threat of foreign powers and rebellions
54
Lord lieutenants under H8
Temporary post to deal with wars in Scotland, France and the PoG in 1536
55
Lord lieutenants under E6
used in response to Kett and Western rebellions in 1549
56
Lord lieutenants recruited from (3)
- majority recruited from the nobility,
- answered directly to the monarch,
- raising troops for a national army, not their private armies as they had done under H7
57
Mary 1 Lord lieutenants
attempted to make to the post of Lord Lieutenants a permanent post, dividing the kingdom into 10 lieutenancies who dealt with _military matters in their designated regions_
58
Lord lieutenants 1559
the post lapsed as the War with France ended
59
Lord lieutenants under E1
Post became permanent as a result of the war with Spain (1585-1604)
60
Lord lieutenants effectiveness under E1
- Harnessed the power of the nobility
- members of the privy council often being Lord lieutenants
61
How did Lord lieutenants enhance monarch's ability to control more directly (2)
- Lord lieutenants gathered information about local conditions
- meant that the system of recruitment and military organisation was more efficient
62
Lord lieutenants limitations
- not an innovation, still relied on the nobility to carry out their traditional military role
- not permanent throughout the period, only emerging as a result of rebellion or war abroad
63
Number of JPs on county benches increasing
H8; 25--> 30
E1; 40----->90
