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Site Investigation and Geomorphology > BS5930:2015 > Flashcards

BS5930:2015 Flashcards

Lectures 1-3 (47 cards)

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1
Q

Why is the ground important?

A

Fundamental but least understood part of an engineering structure

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2
Q

What do you need to know about the ground?

A
  1. Material in-situ
  2. Processes of formation, alteration
  3. Physical, chemical, engineering Properties
  4. Inputs for design and construction
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3
Q

What is logging?

A

Producing a description of the ground as it is in-situ

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4
Q

What is the significance of the ground’s geological history?

A

Resulting geological features cannot be removed; must be discovered and “engineered”

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5
Q

Who is William Smith?

A

Created first geological map of England, Wales, and Scotland by identifying variation/ageing of rocks encountered during construction of canals

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6
Q

What is Solid geology?

A

deep deposits of rock and engineering soil

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7
Q

What is Drift?

A

Recent superficial deposits of engineering soil (including glacial, alluvial soil) deposited over solid deposits <100,000 years ago

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8
Q

What are examples of Quaternary (~2.6 MYO) geology/glaciation processes?

A
  1. Large loading/unloading due to weight of glaciers
  2. Neotectonics (deposition of rock due to glacial movement/advancing/receeding)
  3. Erosion (forming V-shaped valleys)
  4. Overdeepened/Buried valleys (U-shaped valleys due to burial of erosional deposits from valley slopes)
  5. Paleo-slope instability
  6. Frozen ground conditions
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9
Q

Where do you get info that is Logged?

A

Exposures
Cores
Bulk Samples
Boreholes

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10
Q

What is logged in an exposure?

A

Plan, profile map, description, sketch, photo

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11
Q

What is logged in a core?

A

Core log, photo

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12
Q

What is logged in a sample?

A

Description, sketch, photo

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13
Q

What standard is used for Logging?

A

BS5930:2015 or Eurocode 7

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14
Q

What are the differences between BS5930:2015 and EC7?

A

None. EC7 is normative as of March 2015.

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15
Q

What is a Desk Study?

A

Cheap, quick method of getting background information on materials and places to make decisions about the subsequent ground investigation.
Enables the creation of a preliminary/conceptual ground model using books, maps, mining records, air photographs, newspapers, etc.

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16
Q

What is a Conceptual Ground model?

A

Preliminary ground model from desk study

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17
Q

What is the difference between soils and rocks?

A

Their genesis/origin/evolution

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18
Q

What is stronger, rocks or soils?

A

Rocks are stronger due to grain bonding, cementation during deposition (compaction/diagenesis/lithification), increasing cohesion, tensile strength, frictional strength

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19
Q

What are the types of rock based on Origin?

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A
  1. Igneous (Extrusive, intrusive)
  2. Sedimentary
  3. Metamorphic
20
Q

What are the types of soil based on origin?

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A
  1. Residual

2. Transported

21
Q

According to BS5930:2015, what is the difference between soil and rock?

Study These Flashcards
A

Soil: Su < 300 KPa
Rock: UCS > 0.6 MPa

22
Q

What is the aim of ground investigation (Phase 2)?

Study These Flashcards
A

To confirm or amend the ground model

23
Q

Give examples of tools/methods for ground investigation (e.g. drilling, sampling)

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A 
Trial pitting
Augering
Window sampling
Cable percussive drilling with U100 sampler
Rotary core drilling (hollow stem auger)
Sonic drilling
CPT
24
Q

What are the sampling categories and quality classes?

Study These Flashcards
A

A (high quality) to C (Low quality)

1 (best) to 5 (worst)

25
What section of BS5930:2015 gives guidelines for Descriptions of soils and rocks?
Section 6
26
What are the 3 characteristics that must be described in rock?
1. Material characteristics 2. Discontinuity characteristics 3. Mass characteristics (Material + discontinuities)
27
What are some things that must be included in a Core Log?
``` GW strike Gas emissions Blowing/sucking holes Type of flushing medium Casing size/depth, type Cutting bits/shoes used Drilling fluid returns Rate of penetration Depth of in-situ tests Sample depths ```
28
What evidence is used from the core log? (4)
1. Quantity of intact and non-intact core 2. Type of material in core box 3. Condition of recovered core (may differ from actual/in-situ mass) 4. Drilling records from driller
29
What is Core quantity?
Percentage of core recovered (can vary depending on geology, type of drilling)
30
What can cause a gap/core loss?
Voids, drilling errors, compaction, karstic environments, settlement, realignment of fractures, etc.
31
What can cause core gains?
Material falling in (unlikely due to flush), realignment of fractures, swelling
32
What are Material characteristics?
``` Strength Inherent structure Colour Texture/fabric Grain/crystal/particle size Rock name Minor constituents ```
33
What is the difference between BS5930:2015 and BS5930:1999?
BS5930:1999 does not consider engineering soils (rocks with strengths <0.6 MPa are still considered as rock) and has classifications of Moderately Strong and Moderately Weak. BS5930:2015 separates rock and soil (<0.6 Mpa) and has Medium strong and Extremely Weak categories.
34
How is weathering described?
Must describe the degree, extent, and nature of weathering e.g. colour change, reduction in strength, products, fracture states, etc.
35
What are Discontinuity characteristics?
Type, Inclination/dip, Orientation, Roughness, Aperture, Infill, Surface condition, Colour
36
What is a Joint?
Discontinuity with no visible displacement
37
What is a Fault?
Discontinuity with recognisable displacement (slickenside, smearing)
38
What is a Bedding opening?
Separation on bedding
39
What is a Cleavage fracture?
Fracture along cleavage
40
What is an Induced fracture
Discontinuity of non-geological origin e.g. due to drilling, blasting, etc.
41
What is an Incipient fracture?
Fracture with some tensile strength (not fully developed/possibly cemented)
42
What is Total Core Recovery?
% of core recovered (intact and non intact) in a core run vs. length of core run
43
What is Solid Core Recovery?
% of core recovered with at least 1 full diameter
44
What is Rock Quality Designation?
Ratio of total length of pieces of solid core >100 mm long to the length of core run
45
What is Fracture Index/Spacing?
of fractures or spacing of fractures over an arbitrary length
46
What can be logged/recorded from an exposure and not a core?
Fracture orientation, roughness, aperture, persistence, termination, seepage/GWT conditions
47
How is Chalk described in field logging using CIRIA 574?
By aperture, spacing of fractures and dry density of mass Grade A (closed aperture) to D (structureless; Dc clast dominated or Dm matrix dominated) Suffix 1 (>600mm spacing) to 5 (<20 mm spacing) Best is A1 chalk

Site Investigation and Geomorphology (1 decks)

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