BSCE II Flashcards by Stephanie Joy

Voluntary opening of the upper eyelid is produced by motor innervation from which nerve?

Oculomotor (CN III)

eyelid opening via levetor palpebrae
Also does eye movement (SR, IR, MR, IO), pupil constriction, accomodation

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Describe rhematoid factor

IgM autoantibody against IgG Fc region

-it’s directed against determinants on the immunoglobulin molecules gamma chain

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What does it mean if P value = 0.01

If P value ≤ 0.05 –> reject the null

Null is that there is no sig diff bw groups
if you reject null –> means there is a sig difference

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Which types of parasides have indirect life cycle, why?

Indirect life cycles

req 2 host stages
- Definitive host
  - Where repro and adult life phase take place
- Intermediate host
  - Where development occurs and then transmitted back to definitive host
Facilitates disease transmission in the form of vectors
- Ex) mosquitos, plasmodium, leishmania

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How long do panic attacks last

they peak in 10 mins

-does not last for days at all

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Which cell responsible for the regeneration of peripheral axons?

Schwann cells

each schwann cell myelinates only 1 PNS axon
injured in GBS

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What describes the therapeutic result of cognitive behavioral therpay

Cognitive restructuring

-(Not extinction– that is from discontinuing + or - reinforcement which eventually eliminates the behavior)- in operant conditioning

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By what age should a baby develop object permanence

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Beta-hCG is structurally similar to which other hormones..and therefore has the activity of those hormones

FSH
LH –> stim progesterone secr from corpus luteum
TSH

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The denaturation of proteins always leads to (rev/irrev) loss of secondary and tertiaty structure?

rev

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The stability of quaternary structure in proteins is d/t what type of bonds holding the subunits together?

Non-covalent

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Which type of bonds stabilize the alpha helix?

H-bonds

-alpha helix and beta sheets are secondary xtures

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In a P/A xray of wrist

-which bone is superimposed on the other?

Pisiform is superimposed on the triquetrium

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Venous plexus of batson

serves as conduit for cancer cells to travel from one part of body to another

-particular prostatic adenocarcinoma

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The confluence of dural sinus is assoc with which bone

occipital

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A lesion in the corticospinal tract would product what?

UMN syndrome

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Which zone is affected most by hypoxia

Zone III = hepatocytes closest to the central vein

-hepatocytes closest to the portal triad are least susceptible

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Where are ketone bodies synthesizes?

Liver

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Which nerves responsible for erection?

pelvic sphanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

NO –> vasodiltion –> proerectile
NE is anti erectile
erection is parasymp

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Which xture can interact to produce leucine zipper xture

alpha helix (not beta sheet)

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Which N is big toe pain

L5 dermatome

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What is initial product of FA synth?

Palmitate 16c

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stab would in left 5th intercostal space just lat to sternum would hit what?

Right ventricle

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What does a nucleosome consist of?

8 histone core

DNA looped around

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What test do you run in order to detect trinucleotide repeat disease before showing sx?

PCR

How do you know how many barr bodies are present?

of X chroms - 1

- stab wound on L lat neck - L ptosis - L side of face is flushed What was damaged?

**Superior cervical ganglion** - located on lat neck - forms facial N

Poison ivy is which type of HSN?

**Type IV** - Th cells recognize Ag and release inflamm inducing cytokines - there is also a cytotoxic T cells response

What do you see in a pt w/ von gierkes disease

**Von gierkes disease (Glucose-6-phosphatase def)** * G6P builds up --\> shunt to **incr glycogen synth** (not to gluconeogenesis, can't make glucose) * **hypoglycemia** * hepatomegaly (incr glycogen storage in liver) * **Lactic acidosis** * impaired gluconeogenesis * incr uric acid (gout)

When does myelination begin and end?

Begins in 4th fetal months ends- a while after birth

Which organisms do you stain with Giemsa?

Kid dark urine upon standing, and arthralgias, and blue hands Diag?

**Alkaptonuria** - see incr homogentistic acid - AA affected is tyrosine because it's defect in tyrosine degradation pathway

In alkaptonuria which AA is affected?

**Tyrosine** -see black urine, arthralgias, blue CT (hands, ears)

Boy, self mutilation, orange crystals in diaper Diag?

**Leish Nyhann** -HGPRT def (converts guanine--\> GMP, hypoxanthine --\> IMP)

In Leish Nyhann, what is deficient?

HGPRT

What does HGPRT do?

convert - Guanine --\> GMP - Hypoxanthine --\> IMP Def in leish Nyhann (self mutilation, kid, arthralgia, blue CT)

How do you differentiate bw child abuse and osteogenesis imperfecta?

Check **eyes** (blue sclera) and **teeth** (wears easily bc lack dentin)

What is defect in osteogenesis imperfecta

Decrease synth of type I collagen (collagen is normal, just less of it)

Which disease is d/t defect in endochondrial ossificationn?

Achondroplasia

Pee smells like it's burnt Diag?

Maple syrup urine disease -defective enzyme = Branched chain alpha keto DHase

Defective enzyme is maple syrup urine disease

Branched chain alpha keto DHase (cause build up of BCAA- isoleu, leu, val)

Cystathione synthase deficiency, what accumulates?

homocystine and methionine -diag is homocystinuria

Incr homocystine atherosclerosis marfanoid habitus lens subluxation Diag?

**Homocystinuria** -some sx similar to marfans (but lens subluxation is diff direction)

Patient has skin changes and mental issues. Which vit is def?

Niacin (B3) -Niacin derived from tryptophan

Which AA is affected in niacin deficiency?

Tryptophan

5'-FU MOA

Blocks thymidylate synthase --\> so can't make dTMP (thymidine) from dUMP

Kid is biting his lips and has crystals in urine Diag?

Lesh Nyhan

In which vitamin def do you get dry mouth?

Vit A

TATA box

- AT rich seq ( 2 bonds so easily separated) - In promotor region of euk **-Involved in initiation of transcription**

tRNA anticodon is read from (3'-5'/ 5'-3') end?

3'-5'

What does PCR require in order to begin

DNA

What are the thinks PCR needs in order to work?

DNA pol primer nucleotide

How do you break of respiratory mucus production in a CF pt?

cleave disulfide bonds --\> breaks up mucin

In N-linked glycosylation, oligosaccharides are added to which AA?

Asparagine

Bleeding gums Which vit def?

vit C (scurvy)

What type of AA is lysine? (Essential, acidic, basic)

Essential and basic

What kind of mutation leads to PKU?

Point mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase

From which organelle does energy come from?

Mitochondria

Which organelle is on left side of the picture?

Mitochondria

Which organelleis this?

Mitochrondria

Which organelle packages enzymes?

golgi

Which organelle is in the center of the image?

golgi -where enzymes are packaged

Name this organelle

golgi -where enzymes are packaged

What enables cells to communicate and have the same voltage?

Gap junctions

What prevents transmigration of solute bw cells?

Tight junctions

What are the differences and similarities bw proks and euks regarging orgins of replication?

Both proks and euks have ORIs BUT proks- single ORI euks- mult ORI

Just an EM example

ER electron micrograph example

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Ribosomes

After protein leaves the ribosome what is it bound it?

Singnal recognition particle (SRP) SRP = abundant cytosolin ribonucleoprotein that traffics proteins from the ribosome to the rER.

Where does N-linked glycosylation occur?

rER

What happens if you block the Na+/K+ pump?

In what genetic disease do you see cafe-au-lait spots?

Neurofibromatosis

What type of inheritance is neurofibromatosis

Autosomal dominant

What type of mutation does UV radiation cause?

Thyimine-Thymine dimers

2 kids hada disease, 1 had it move severe than the other. Which genetic term describes this?

Variable expressivity

Kid starting to eat much more and had hypotonia Diag?

Prader wili (imprinting defect)

What type of pedigree is this?

Kidney bx below -What does histo show? Diag? What condition assoc?

Shows wire-looping of caps Diag: Diffuse prolif GN assoc w/ SLE

- 26-yo m c/o progressively worsening vision in R eye & slightly decr balance over the past few mo - Ophthalm exam reveals the image shown. - MRI of the brain shows a small, vascular mass in the cerebellum. - cavernous hemangioma on the pts R arm. - Father suffered similar decline in vision and was treated surgically. Diag? What other sx?

**Von hippel lindau syndrome** - hemangioblastoma (incr vascularity)- see in retina, brain - Cerebellar mass- ataxia - Angiomatosis- skin - B/L renal cell carcinoma-- see hematuria - Pheochromocytoma d/t deletion on chrom 3

Diag?

**ADPKD** - Shows B/L mult cysts - sx: **hematuria HTN,** urinary freq - Mut PDK1 chrom 16 - Assoc w/ **berry aneurysm** --\> rupture cause brain bleed/hemorrhagic stroke

BSCE II Flashcards

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