bt Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is Interior Architecture?
A
Shaping the spaces inside buildings to support human activity, comfort, and meaning
2
Q
What do Ergonomics & Anthropometry help with?
A
Designing spaces and furniture that are comfortable and functional for the human body
3
Q
What is the typical seat height for comfortable design?
A
Approximately 18 inches
4
Q
What do partitions define in a space?
A
Zones such as private/public and work/live
5
Q
What are movable partitions used for?
A
Increasing flexibility in spaces like classrooms and offices
6
Q
How do high ceilings affect spatial perception?
A
They create a sense of openness and grandeur
7
Q
What is the effect of low ceilings on spatial perception?
A
They create intimacy and coziness
8
Q
How do hard and soft surfaces affect acoustics?
A
Hard surfaces reflect sound; soft surfaces absorb sound
9
Q
What does color temperature measure?
A
The quality of lighting, measured in Kelvin
10
Q
What is the Kelvin range for warm, cozy light?
A
2700K–3000K
11
Q
What types of lighting are there?
A
Ambient, Task, Accent & Natural
12
Q
What are passive systems?
A
Strategies that use natural forces to provide comfort without mechanical energy
13
Q
What materials are considered thermal mass?
A
Materials like stone feel cool; carpet feels warm.
14
Q
What is the purpose of shading devices?
A
To block summer sun while allowing winter sun
15
Q
What does natural ventilation include?
A
stack effect, cross breeze
16
Q
What are daylighting strategies?
A
clerestory windows, skylights, light shelves
17
Q
What is a key feature of Case Study: Council House 2 (CH2)?
A
Uses wind stacks and cross ventilation to reduce reliance on HVAC systems
18
Q
What are active systems?
A
Systems that require energy input to maintain environmental conditions
19
Q
What is the function of HVAC systems?
A
Provide thermal comfort and air quality
20
Q
How does plumbing function in buildings?
A
Like a circulatory system, bringing in water and removing waste
21
Q
What do electrical systems in buildings include?
A
Include lighting (task, ambient, emergency), outlets, smart controls.
22
Q
What are smart controls?
A
Systems like motion sensors and time-based dimming that help conserve energy
23
Q
What are hybrid systems?
A
Systems that combine passive design with efficient active systems
24
Q
What is the goal of the BedZED project?
A
Net zero energy — produce as much energy as consumed annually
25
What does Zero Energy Development (ZED) refer to?
A design approach where a building's energy consumption is balanced by its own renewable production
26
What is platform framing?
Most common method in North American housing. Each floor is a platform; walls rest on
the one below.
27
What are the components of wall framing?
Studs, Top Plate, Sill Plate, Rim Joist, Joist
28
What do King Studs and Jack Studs flank?
Windows and doors
29
What is the purpose of the header in wall framing?
To span above an opening and be supported by jacks
30
What are cripple studs used for?
To fill space above or below openings
31
What fasteners are preferred for structural shear strength?
16d nails
32
What is the difference in use between screws and nails?
* Screws = tension (e.g., decks) * Nails = shear (e.g., walls)
33
What is the most common building method for residential and light commercial structures in North America?
Wood frame construction
## Footnote
Utilizes wood studs, joists, rafters, and engineered wood products to create a structural framework.
34
What is the primary type of wood frame construction?
Platform Framing
35
In platform framing, how is each floor constructed?
Each floor is built as a separate unit or 'platform' with walls erected on top of each other.
36
What is the purpose of anchor bolts in wood framing?
To secure the wooden framing to the concrete foundation.
37
What is the typical spacing for anchor bolts in the concrete foundation?
Max 6 feet apart.
38
What are the key features of anchor bolts?
* Installed in concrete before it sets
* Spaced as specified by local building codes
* Attaches the bottom plate of the wood frame to the foundation
39
What are the common types of anchor bolts?
* J-Bolts
* Wedge Anchors
* Epoxy Anchors
40
What is a standard sill plate in wood framing?
Pressure-treated wood installed directly on the foundation.
41
What is the function of the sole plate in wall framing?
It is the bottom of a framed wall holding studs in place.
42
What are joists in the context of floor framing?
Horizontal structural members that support the floor.
43
What is the typical spacing for joists in platform floor framing?
16 inches or 24 inches on center.
44
What is the purpose of rim joists?
To tie joists together along the perimeter.
45
What is the definition of a jack stud?
A stud that runs from the bottom plate to the underside of a header at a framed opening.
46
What is the function of a cripple stud?
To support openings and maintain wall integrity.
47
What is a header in wall framing?
The vertical member that spans the top of an opening.
48
What is the typical use for two 2x10s with ½ inch plywood in between?
For openings up to 6 feet.
49
What is the purpose of the bottom plate in wall framing?
A horizontal member that runs along the bottom of stud walls.
50
What is the role of the sill plate in wood framing?
It runs on top of the foundation wall and bears the weight of the structure.
51
What is the common size of a 16d nail used in framing?
3.5 inches long
52
True or False: Nails are preferred over screws in structural framing.
True
53
What does anthropometry study?
Human dimensions used to determine optimal spatial clearances and furniture sizes.
54
What is ergonomics in design?
Designing environments and objects to align with natural body mechanics.
55
Fill in the blank: The interior mediates between the built structure and the _______.
[human body]
56
What are the core interior elements that affect comfort and aesthetics?
* Space
* Walls & Partitions
* Floors & Ceilings
* Openings, Doors, Windows, & Passages
57
What is the definition of spatial organization in interior design?
The logical arrangement of rooms and circulation paths to support activities.
58
What do movable partitions do in interior spaces?
Define space without carrying loads.
59
What is the significance of human scale in interior design?
It affects how we feel within a room.
60
What is ergonomics?
Designing environments and objects to align with natural body mechanics, minimizing strain and discomfort.
## Footnote
Key aspects include optimal spatial clearances and furniture sizes.
61
What is the ideal chair seat height for comfort?
~18"
62
What is the recommended desk height for seated tasks?
~29–30"
63
Why is reach range important in design?
It is crucial for designing shelves and counters.
64
What key sensory consideration involves how materials absorb or reflect sound?
Acoustics
65
What effect do soft surfaces have on sound?
They reduce echo.
66
What do hard surfaces do to sound?
They amplify sound.
67
What does tactility refer to in design?
The way materials feel (smooth, rough, cool, warm, hard, or soft).
68
How does thermal comfort vary among materials?
Materials like stone feel cool; carpet feels warm.
69
What is the role of lighting in interior design?
It affects clarity, focus, energy, and atmosphere.
70
What is the significance of narrative in interior design?
Every interior tells a story about its function, users, and identity.
71
What do floor transitions signal in a space?
Movement between zones or functions.
72
What effect do low ceilings have on a space?
They feel intimate.
73
What effect do high ceilings have on a space?
They feel open or grand.
74
What is a casement window?
Hinged at the side; opens outward like a door.
75
What is a double-hung window?
Has two sashes that slide vertically; can open from top or bottom.
76
What is the difference between single-hung and double-hung windows?
Single-hung windows only have the bottom sash that moves.
77
What is an awning window?
Hinged at the top; opens outward from the bottom.
78
What is a sliding window?
Opens horizontally by sliding one panel over another.
79
What is a fixed window?
Non-operable; used to frame views or bring in light.
80
What is a bay window?
Projects outward from the wall; often includes a central fixed window flanked by operable ones.
81
What are the types of lighting in interior architecture?
Ambient, Task, Accent & Natural
82
What is ambient lighting?
The general, overall lighting in a space.
83
What is task lighting?
Focused lighting for specific activities.
84
What is accent lighting?
Decorative or directional lighting used to highlight features.
85
What is natural daylight?
Sunlight entering through windows or skylights.
86
What is layered lighting?
Combining ambient, task, and accent light for flexibility.
87
What does lighting intensity refer to?
Brightness
88
How does directionality affect lighting perception?
Where light comes from affects how space is perceived.
89
What does color temperature measure?
Measured in Kelvin (K).
90
What is the temperature range for warm light?
2700K–3000K
91
What is the temperature range for cool light?
4000K–5000K
92
What percentage of global energy do buildings consume?
~40%
93
What are the core passive strategies in building design?
* Site Orientation
* Shading
* Daylighting
* Natural ventilation
* Thermal mass
* Insulation
94
What is thermal mass?
Holds heat for long periods, gaining it during the day and emitting it at night.
95
What is an example of indigenous architecture that utilizes passive strategies?
Taos Pueblo
96
What is the role of active systems in buildings?
They ensure buildings are habitable, comfortable, efficient, and responsive to user needs.
97
What does HVAC stand for?
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
98
What are the components of HVAC?
* Heating: furnaces, boilers
* Cooling: chillers, air conditioners
* Ventilation: mechanical supply and return
99
What is the function of plumbing systems in buildings?
Supports hygiene, comfort, and fire safety.
100
What is zero energy development?
A building that produces as much energy as it uses over the course of a year.
101
What significant project demonstrated sustainable, energy-efficient communities?
BedZED - Beddington Zero Energy Development
102
What is a key takeaway from BedZED's approach?
It shows that sustainable communities are achievable in urban settings.
103
What is BedZED significant for?
Demonstrating that sustainable, energy-efficient communities are achievable in urban settings
## Footnote
It serves as a real-world example of minimizing environmental impact while promoting a high quality of life.
104
How has BedZED influenced sustainable architecture?
It has inspired subsequent eco-developments and contributed to the discourse on sustainable living practices.
105
What energy efficiency features does BedZED utilize?
* Passive solar design
* High insulation
* Energy-efficient appliances
106
What renewable energy sources are incorporated in BedZED?
* Solar panels
* Biomass combined heat and power (CHP) system
107
What water conservation methods are implemented in BedZED?
* Water-saving fixtures
* Rainwater harvesting system
108
What types of materials are used in BedZED construction?
* Reclaimed materials
* Locally sourced materials
109
What transportation options does BedZED promote?
* Car-sharing scheme
* Proximity to public transit
110
What is biomass?
Plant-based or animal-based material that stores energy from the sun
111
Give examples of biomass fuels.
* Wood and wood chips
* Agricultural crops (like corn or sugarcane)
* Food or animal waste
* Grass and yard clippings
* Algae
112
How does biomass energy work?
Plants absorb sunlight and store energy as carbon; when biomass is burned or converted, it releases energy as heat or electricity.
113
Why is biomass considered renewable?
New plants can be grown to replace what’s used and it is often made from waste materials.
114
How is biomass used in architecture like at BedZED?
In Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems to provide electricity and heating sustainably.
115
What is foul water?
Wastewater that comes from toilets (black water) and sinks, showers, bathtubs, dishwashers, and washing machines (grey water)
116
What is foul water treatment?
The process of cleaning dirty water from buildings so it can be safely returned to nature or reused.
117
What are the main steps in foul water treatment?
* Screening
* Sedimentation
* Biological treatment
* Filtration and disinfection
* Discharge or reuse
118
Fill in the blank: Foul water treatment is a _______ process.
multi-step
119
True or False: Foul water can be released directly into the environment without treatment.
False
120
What is the purpose of screening in foul water treatment?
Removes large objects like wipes, sticks, or trash.
121
What occurs during sedimentation in foul water treatment?
Heavy solids settle to the bottom, forming sludge.
122
What is the role of microorganisms in biological treatment of foul water?
They break down harmful waste.
123
What methods are used for filtration and disinfection in foul water treatment?
* Filters
* Chemicals (like chlorine or UV light)
124
What can the clean water from foul water treatment be reused for?
Landscaping, flushing, etc.
