Btr Dermatology Flashcards by Maya Zala

Epidermal melanin unit

1:36

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Name the layers of epidermis

Stratum corneum,lucidum,granulosum,spinosum,basale.

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Spinosum is named such becoz of
AutoAb against dsg causes?

Desmoglein
Pemphigus vulgaris

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Cells present in basale layer
Their CD marker
These CD markers also present in ?

Merkel cells
Melanocytes
CK7 -
CK20+
Ca colon

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Name the cells present in stratum spinosum
What kind of cells are they ?
Name the CD marker
Name the protein present and the granules that contain it ? Name their ch. shape?

Langerhan cells
They are APC
CD207- langerin protein
Birbeck granules -tennis racquet shaped

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Name the thickest layer

Spinosum

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Name the 2 types of granules present in stratum granulosum ?

Keratohyaline granules
Lamellar bodies aka- Odland bodies

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Keratohyaline granules contain ?
Absence /defect / mutation / antibodies against — fillagrin leads to ?

Fillagrin protein
Ichthyosis

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Lamellar bodies (odland bodies ) absence leads to ?

Asteatotic eczema

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Layer present only in palms and soles

Lucidum

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Epidermal turnover time

56 days

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Define parakerstosis
Conditions in which it manifests ?

Retained nucleus in st.corneum
Psoriasis

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Define hyperkeratosis
seen in conditions?

Thickened stratum corneum
Psoriasis, lichen planus

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Define orthokeratosis?
Seen in conditions?

Hyperkaratosis - (minus) parakeratosis
Lichen planus

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Psoriasis
Features seen in stratum corneum
Describe the micro abscesses seen in psoriasis
Trapper: Micro abscess seen in mycosis fungoides
What are rete ridges?
Agranulosis seen in psoriasis is seen in which layer?
M/c type ?
Guttate psoriasis a/w? DoC ?
Pustular psoriasis a/w? What is it called when occur in pregnancy ? DOC?

Hyper keratosis, parakeratosis
Spongiform pustules of kogoj— in spinous / granular layer
Munro microabscess - in stratum corneum
Pautriers microabscecs - mycosis fungoides
Rete ridges- elongation of epidermis into dermis—are club shaped/ camel foot shaped
Agranulosis - absence of granulosuum layer
Psoriasis vulgaris
Guttate psoriasis- URTI, DOC - Macrolides
Psoriasis a/w sudden withdrawal of steroids- pustular psoriasis - in pregnancy it’s c/a - impetigo herpetiformis, DOC- acitretin (teratogenic - needs washout period of 3 yrs ) , DOC in pregnancy - steroids
Erythematous papulosquamous lesion with silvery scales - hallmark feature
Nail changes - Irregular pitting (( regular pitting seen in - alopecia areata ))
Oil drop changes
Subungual hyperkeratosis
Psoriatic arthropathy— m/c joint - distal interphalangeal joint
Grattage test - auspitz sign
Berkeley membrane

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Lichen planus
What feature Sean in stratum corneum?
What happens to granular layer?
What are Max Joseph space? Why are they seen?
What are apoptotic bodies seen c/a?

Describe the lesion?

Nail changes ?

Oral lesions ?

A/w ?

Orthokeratosis
Hypergranulasis- responsible for wickham’s striae
Max Joseph space - empty spaces in basal layer that happens d/t degenerating basal cells - seen d/t basal cell degeneration
Civatte bodies - apoptotic cells

6’p’s - planar, papulosquamous,purple, pruritic,

Nail changes - pterygium , pup tenting

Oral lesion - non scrappable , lacy pattern

A/w- hep c

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Name 5 annular lesions and how to differentiate them?

Erythema nodosum
Erythema marginatum
Erythema multiforme
Erythema migrants
Erythema gyratum repens

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Erythema nodosum
Associations -?
Describe the lesion?

They are tender lesion in the shin area - it’s a panniculitis- inflammation of subcutaneous fat
Drugs-sulfa
Sarcoidosis - lofgren syndrome - b/l hilar lymph nodes + erythema nodosum
IBD
TB
Behcet’s dis

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Heerfordt’s syndrome
Seen in ?

B/l facial nv. Palsy
Sarcoidosis

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Name the lesion ?
Annular lesion a/w acute rheumatic fever , cardiac murmur , chorea
Evanescent transient lesion

Erythema marginatum

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Name two true target lesions?

Erythema multiforme
Erythema migrans

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Name the lesion a/w HSV, mycoplasma, chloroquine, NSAIDs

Erythema multiforme
See the image -for identification

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A/w bull’s eye maculopathy

Chloroquine

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Annular lesion a/w Lyme’s dis - earliest presentation

Erythema migrans

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What is erythema gyratum repens?

Skin manifestation of underlying adeno ca - paraneoplastic syndrome

Washout period required for isotretinoin, acitretin

Isotretinoin - 1 month Acitretin-3 yrs

Koebner’s phenomenon -what is it ? Is also c/a ? Seen with ? What is reverse koebner?

Lesion increases with trauma Isomorphic phenomenon Lichen planus , psoriasis , vitiligo Lesion heals on trauma — seen in psoriasis

Pseudo koebner - what is it ? Seen with ?

It appears as if it’s increasing with trauma but it’s - inoculating Viral warts - HPV —- not true isomorphic phenomenon —it’s autoinoculation

Image -nodular lesion on skin - dx? Histo path img pattern ?

Lichen Nitidus H/p - claw cluching a ball patten

Diagnose Herald patch -cigarette paper scales/ Collarette of scales Christmas tree pattern Spares palms and soles A/w -? Mx-?

P.Rosea HHV -6/7 Conservative

Christmas tree pattern - skin Cataract Urinary bladder

Skin - pityriasis rosea Cataract - myotonic dystrophy Bladder - neurogenic bladder

Diagnose lesion - image - hypo + hyper pigmented lesion Causative ? Koh mount app ? SDA cx + olive oil cx app?

Pityriasis vesicolor Malessezia furfur Spaghetti and meatball app Fried egg colonies

Fried egg app seen at what all places ?

Mycoplasma Hairy cell leukemia Oligodendroglionma

Child , honey crusting -img Cause ?

Impetigo Strep /staph

Only causative of bullous impetigo ? Why ? What is Ritter's syndrome ? How to differentiate between ssss and SJS-TEN ? Define Reiter’s syndrome ? Triad? Causatives?

Staph - bcz staph have exfoliative toxin Ritter's syndrome - SSSS in infants — oral mucosal involvement - SJS-TEN : a/w drug — oral mucosal involvement + < 10% involved - SJS > 30% involved - TEN Reiter’s - occurs after pre existing gi/std infection frequently a/w - campylobacter, shigella infection triad - conjunctivitis , urethritis , arthritis

Diagnose the image - well defined raised erythematous lesion

Erysipelas

Folliculitis Dx-image Causative? Name follicular lesions?

S. Aureus Folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle

Furuncle: Dx-image?

Lesion with pus

Dx - image - at nape of neck H/0 - DM

Carbuncle

Dx - image

Meleney's gangrene

Wood's lamp: Its wavelength? Filter made of?

Uv-a - 365nm Barium silicate + NiO

Erythrasma What it looks like? Causative? Wood's lamp - app?

Image - axilla Corynebacterium Minutissimum Coral red - on wood's lamp

Acanthosis nigricans : A/w?

Obesity PCOD DM GI adenoca

Name the types of glands present near hair follicles

Apocrine - axilla , groin

Fox fordyce dis What is it? Trapper - fordyce spots

Fox fordyce - lesions around apocrine - axilla , groin Fordyce spots - ectopic sebaceous - seen on - lips

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Axilla - sinuses

Name 2 dis that affect ca ATPase channel - differentiate their skin lesion Where are these channels located?

Darier's dis. Hailey-hailey dis 2A2 Mutation 2C1 Skin - crop grain / ronds. Lesion Axilla- raise eryth plaques Nail - v shape defect Nail - longitudinal line Histo Dilapidated brick wall app Channels located - over desmoglein - in stratum granulosum

Causes of Scarring alopecia ?

Tinea capitis Lichen planus DLE 2° syphilis - both scarring & non scarring

Name 2 variants of tinea capitis? Doc : tinea capitis ?

Kerion » boggy tender swelling + Lymph node Swelling » mcc: T. Mentagrophyte » hair perforation test + Favus » crusting » scutula »mcc: T schonlenni Doc : Tina Capitis : griseofulvin

Non scarring alopecia after 3 mouths of stressor: dx?

Telogen effluvium

Man scarring alopecia post chemotherapy »dx?

Anagen effluvium

Non scarring Hair loss in accessible areas?

Trichotillomania

4 dis usually a/w one another?

Sjogren Hashimoto Type1 DM Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata: Type of alopecia Hair bulb histopath app. Sign? Type of pitting? Buzzword? A/w?

No inflammation, No scarring On histopath» lymphocytes around hair bulb» swarm of bees app. Exclamatory mark sign » at hair bulb Regular pitting » nails Going white overnight Autoimmune Sjogren, hashimoto ,type 1 DM

Alopecia totalis

All scalp hair gone

Alapecia universalis

All body hair gone

Ophiasis

Margin of scalp gone

Sisaipho pattern of hair loss

Hair loss spares the sides & back of head

Androgen alopecia types?

Male pattern» Hamilton pattern » frontal receding hair line » topical minoxidil or finasteride Female pattern » Ludwig's pattern » parting of hair sparsens

Finasteride MOA?

Inhibits enzyme 5 alpha reductase Stops conversion of testosterone → DHT

Name 3 Dermatophytes What do they affect? Describe the shape of their macroconidia & microconidia

Trichophyton » skin, hair, nails » pencil shaped macroconidia Microsporum » skin, hair » spindle shaped Epidermophyton » skin, nail »club/ cavatte shaped macroconidia

Hair shaft infected with Dermatophyte Ectothrix c/b ? Endothrix c/b?

Hair dermatophyte » Trichophyton» endothrix » black dot pattern Microsporum »ectothrix » grey patch pattern

Name the cutaneous TB manifestations?

Lupus vulgaris Scrofuloderma Lichen scrofulosorum

Lupus vulgaris: Describe the lesion? Which test can be done? App?

M/c type in adults Central scarring On Diascopy: Apple jelly nodules

Describe the lesion of tinea

Central clearing » annular lesion, active peripherally

Scrofuloderma:

M/c cut. TB in children Sinuses in neck region - image DX

Lichen scrofulosorum :

Allergic form of TB » its hypersensitivity reaction against TB Its a tuberculide

Btr Dermatology Flashcards

(67 cards)