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Buddhism Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Buddhism begin?

A

2500 years ago/6th-century B.C.E.

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2
Q

Approximately how many people follow Buddhism

A

535,000,000

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3
Q

Three branches of Buddhism

A

Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana

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4
Q

Key features of Buddhism

A
  • It is more of a religious philosophy than a traditional religion.
  • There is no God in Buddhism
  • Spiritual concepts of reincarnation and Nirvana exist.
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5
Q

How did Buddhism evolve

A

When it left India

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6
Q

Key features of Hinduism

A
  • Classified as a polytheistic religion due to the many gods that are worshipped
  • Hindus believe in reincarnation, karma, moksha (heaven), the practices of yoga and meditation
  • Worship the Gods through prayer and offerings.
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7
Q

Caste System

A

If you generate good Karma you will move up the social ladder in your next life. Consequently, if you generate bad Karma you will move down the ladder. Banned in 1950

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8
Q

How does the caste system divide its people

A 
Brahmins- priests and teachers
Kshatriyas- warriors and rulers
Vaishyas- farmers, traders
Shudras- labourers
Dalits- untouchables
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9
Q

Similarities between Buddhism and Hinduism beliefs

A 
Karma
Reincarnation
Human desire --> Suffering
Multiple versions of heaven and hell
Meditation and Yoga
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10
Q

When was Siddartha Gautama born

A

563 BC

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11
Q

What led him to become the Buddha

A

His prophecy was to be a great ruler or a very holy man
His father locked him up in the palace so he could become the emperor of India and not see the outside world
When he left the palace he saw things that changed his view of the world

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12
Q

What did he see when he left the palace

A

Sick man
Old man
Dying man
Holy man

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13
Q

What did he try to do in order to get rid of all his pleasures in life

A

He almost starved himself to death to get rid of all pleasures in life.

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14
Q

Siddartha achieved Nirvana

A

True

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15
Q

Beings are unified by _____

To cease suffering you must _________________

A

suffering

keep things in moderation

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16
Q

Attachment is the __________

A

root of suffering

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17
Q

‘Wisdom is a habit, __________

A

not merely an intellectual realisation’

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18
Q

Sutras/Mantras

A

written quotes by the Buddha made by the Buddha’s followers

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19
Q

Where did Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism spread to

A

Theravada Buddhism spread to South-east Asia

Mahayana Buddhism spread to China and North-east Asia

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20
Q

Buddhist miracles are:

A

Not physical, but spiritual and psychological

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21
Q

The 3 Jewels

A

Buddha - The teacher
Dharma - The teachings and the sacred texts (Tripitaka)
Sangha - The community and monks and nuns

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22
Q

The 4 Noble Truths

A

Dukkha: suffering is inescapable
Samudaya: suffering caused from the greed, ignorance and hatred
Nirodha: suffering can be ended if we stop craving
Magga: The recipe for achieving happiness, virtue and eventually Nirvana

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23
Q

Noble Eightfold Path

A

the guidelines to the end to all suffering

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24
Q

Middle Path

A

Nirvana

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25
Difference between Hinduism and Buddhism (Nirvana)
A person can achieve enlightenment in one lifetime and that your social status doesn’t determine if you can be enlightened You can’t achieve nirvana in one lifetime and it depends on social status
26
Wisdom
Right View | Right Thought
27
Morality
Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood
28
Concentration
Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration
29
Dharma Wheel
``` Right View Right Thought Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration ```
30
Karma
A doctrine followed in Buddhism and Hinduism It is the law of nature and it has an actions and reaction effect Good and Bad Karma may manifest within each other
31
Annica
The doctrine of impermanence (Everything changes but nothing lasts forever)
32
Nirvana
The removal of our wrong perceptions which comes from suffering
33
Tripitaka/Pali Canon
the teachings of the Buddha and the physical texts that were recorded
34
Tri/Three Baskets
``` the 3 sacred parts of the text Vinaya Pitaka (collection of monastic codes and rituals) Sutta Pitaka (Buddha’s discourses) Abhidhamma Pitaka (collection of teachings) ```
35
Swastika
Represents the footprints of the Buddha that has been taken out of context in history. Also represents the Dharma wheel.
36
Lotus
Symbol of purity within the Buddhist faith
37
Bodhi Tree
Symbol of enlightenment for Buddhist followers
38
Stupa
A symbol of Buddha himself, and his enlightenment.
39
Mandala
Symbolises workings of the universe
40
Prayer wheels
Used as an aid to meditation
41
Buddhist flag
Symbolises the six colours that surrounded Buddha’s aura
42
Tiratna
Represents the three jewels of Buddhism
43
Deer
Symbolises Buddha’s compassion for all animals
44
Alms Bowl
symbolises middle ground between giver and receiver
45
Buddha’s Dumbo Ears
Symbolises his rejection of the material world
46
Buddha Maitreya
Will arrive in the future when original teachings have fully decayed and taught the pure Dharma
47
Buddha Shakyamuni
The OG Buddha, first to achieve enlightenment
48
Meditation
practising the teachings of the Buddha and to become awakened to Dukkha
49
Mindfulness is crucial in meditation because
It creates a connection between self-awareness and awareness of others
50
How do Buddhists meditate?
Walking meditation Chanting Sitting
51
Why do Buddhists meditate?
Liberate the heart from anxiety Focus on the present They want to clear the mind from impurity Develop attention and concentration
52
Mala Beads
``` Counts the mantra repetitions Helps to sustain mantras Most have 108 beads Only 100 beads are credited Once a cycle is completed, go around the other way Help keep focus ```
53
Wesak Day
Celebrates the three major events of the Buddha's life Birth, Enlightenment, Achievement of Nirvana Begins at Buddhist temples at dawn → Meditate on the precepts The offering of prayers, incense, giving food to the poor + Donations made
54
Wearing White
reflects purity
55
Five precepts
Abstain from: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and taking intoxicants in that order
56
Light oil lamps/candles
symbolise lighting up someone’s life
57
Bathing of the Buddha Ceremony
Commemorates his birth | Symbolises cleansing of the body
58
Significance of the Buddha Ceremony
Buddha was born in Lumbini Garden He immediately walked with 7 steps looking in different directions Every lotus grew out from the ground where he stepped The rains came to bathe him
59
Sangha
monastic communities of monks and nuns
60
Theravada tradition
young boys spend a period of time as a monk.
61
Vinaya
rules and the laws of the Sangha
62
Bhikkhu
monks and nuns
63
Why does a male join a monastery
To earn religious merit To earn social merit Blessings for their family in this lifetime and the next
64
The daily life of a monk
``` Receive alms (food) to sustain their needs Meditation and Study Keep their monastery clean Own very little possessions Robes and belt Food bowl Needle and thread to mend their robes Razor to shave their hair. ```
65
Hair Removal
symbol of letting go of the material world
66
3 Saffron Robes
symbol for the quest for light
67
Symbol of the Son
are a symbol of blessing and growth
68
Renouncing
is a symbol to forbid the pursuit of sensual pleasure.
69
Dalai Lama
religious leader of Tibeten Buddhists
70
Tulku
A person who decides to be continually reborn
71
First reincarnation of the Dalai Lama
Gebun Drub
72
Current Dalai Lama
Tenzin Gyatso
73
Choosing the Dalai Lama
Tibetan government finds the reincarnation of the next Dalia Lama Through the previous Dalai Lama's dreams and where the smoke blows Once the candidate is found they present him with a number of artifacts. The boy is asked to identify those that belonged to the DalaiLama
74
Kundun
means ‘the presence’
75
Lhasa
is the capital of Tibet
76
in Kundun, the Dalai Lama meets with
Chairman Mao Zedong
77
What is under threat due to the Chinese invasion of Tibet
Vajrayana tradition because as another Dalai Lama may not be able to be appointed
78
Vesak
Commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha.
79
Upali
a monk, one of the ten chief disciples of the Buddha in charge of writing the monastic discipline
80
Anatta
refers to the doctrine of "non-self"
81
Samsara
the cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound.
82
Annada
means bliss or happiness
83
Buddha is another word for
enlightened

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