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Religious studies > Buddhism > Flashcards

Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Dhamma

A

The Buddhist teachings

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2
Q

What will following the dhamma lead to

A

Overcoming dissatisfaction and suffering, protection from suffering

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3
Q

What does the dhamma encourage people to do

A

Examples: follow the eightfold path, meditation
All will lead to better chance of enlightenment

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4
Q

What is the dhamma one of?

A

The 3 refuges: Buddha, Sangha, Dhamma

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5
Q

What do some Buddhist believe the dhamma does?

A

Up holds the religion and the natural order of the universe

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6
Q

What is dependant arising - paticcasamupada?

A

The belief that everything is interconnected, everything is dependant on other things

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7
Q

Explain the belief of paticcasamupada being a cycle

A

Past causes like ignorance lead to future feelings being affected and present causes like craving are linked to future events like aging and death

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8
Q

What are the 3 marks of existance?

A

Anicca, Dhukka, Anatta

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9
Q

What is Anatta?

A

The belief that we have no fixed self or soul

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10
Q

What is Annica?

A

The belief that everything changes and nothing is permanent so we must accept death and suffering as a part of life that we cannot avoid

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11
Q

What is dukkha?

A

Suffering and dissatisfaction

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12
Q

What are the three types of Dhukka?

A
  1. Dhukka: ordinary suffering
    2: Viparinama-Dhukka: suffering through change
  2. Samkhara-Dhukka: suffering due to attachment
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13
Q

What is the aim in Theravada Buddhism?

A

To become enlightened (arhat) and to reach nibbana (eternal peace)

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14
Q

What is a big belief of Theravada Buddhists?

A

The 5 Aggregates

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15
Q

What are the 5 Aggregates?

A
  1. Form: sense organs and how they experience materials and matter
  2. Perception: knowing and understanding of things
  3. Consciousness: general awareness of the world and other things around them
  4. Sensation: emotion or physical pain from touching objects
  5. Mental formation: leads a person to doing good or bad things
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16
Q

What is Mahayana Buddhist aim?

A

To become enlightened but to delay nibanna to help teach others how to become enlightened

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17
Q

What are 3 main concepts in Mahayana Buddhism?

A

Sunyata, Buddha nature, attaining buddhahood

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18
Q

What is sunyata

A

Emptiness, everything is empty and lacks intrinsic nature

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19
Q

What is Buddha nature?

A

Everyone has the ability to become a Buddha once they understand the Buddha’s Dhamma

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20
Q

What is attaining buddhahood

A

When a person achieves enlightenment but to reach enlightenment they have to remove distractions

21
Q

What does Parinirvana day celebrate

A

Buddha entering death and reaching nibanna

22
Q

What is nibanna

A

Liberation from Dukkha and wheel of samsara

23
Q

Why is parinirvana day important

A

Buddhists can reflect on their own future death and loved ones deaths to realise impermanence - anicca

24
Q

What should Buddhists read on parinirvana day, what is it, why

A

Mahaparinirvana sutra
Accounts of Buddha before he dies
To gain wisdom - one of 6 perfections

25
Q

Where can Buddhists pilgrimage to for parinirvana day and why

A

Kushingar India
Where Buddha supposedly died

26
Q

What does wesak day celebrate

A

Buddha’s death, birth and rebirth
Known as Buddha day

27
Q

Why do they celebrate wesak

A

Honour and remember Buddha

28
Q

How is wesak celebrated (3)

A

Candles, lanterns are lit
Meditation, offerings and worship at temples
Singapore - caged animals are released as a sign of liberation

29
Q

What is samatha mediation and what does it do

A

Concentration meditation
Calms the mind, de-stress, prepares for vipissana

30
Q

What is vippisanna meditation and what does it help with

A

Insight meditation
Understand nature of reality and the Buddha’s teachings
Developing wisdom
Understand 3 marks of existence
Closer to enlightenment

31
Q

What is zazen mediation

A

From Zen Buddhism and helps to focus on present moment

32
Q

What is walking meditation

A

Walking and meditating

33
Q

Explain visualisation and what is done

A

Imagine object in mind
Imagines qualities to try gain them

34
Q

What is a mandala and why are the significant

A

Pattern made from sand
Symbolises impernamence

35
Q

What is a thangka

A

Detailed painting of Buddha or Bodhisattva

36
Q

Where does deity visualisation come from

A

Tibetan Buddhism

37
Q

Explain deity visualisation

A

Visualise a deity - enlightened being who could be a heavenly Bodhisattva or the Buddha
You visualise their qualities to try gain them

38
Q

Who could you also visualise in deity visualisation (2)

A

Amitabha Buddha - pure land
Avalokiteshvara - Bodhisattva of compassion

39
Q

What happens in the main hall of the temple and what is there

A

Where Buddhists practise together, statue of the Buddha

40
Q

What is the mediation hall in the temple

A

Quiet space for mediation

41
Q

What is the study hall for in the temple

A

Meetings and lectures

42
Q

What is a stupa

A

A tower which houses relics or remains

43
Q

Who lives in monestry

A

Monks + nuns

44
Q

What is the shrine for and what is placed there

A

Final point for mediation
Offerings gain merit
Lights symbolise enlightenment
Flowers symbolise impermanence
Incense symbolise purity

45
Q

What is puja and give some examples

A

Worship
Bowing, meditation, chanting

46
Q

Why do Buddhists do chanting

A

Teachings have always been recited not written down
Shows devotion to Buddha
Focuses mind
Helps to remember teachings

47
Q

Why do Buddhists worship

A

Understand teachings
Show gratitude and respect to Buddha

48
Q

What are mantras and give an example

A

Sacred teachings chanted over and over
Omni padme hum - Tibetan Buddhists believe it helps to connect you with Avalokiteshvara

Religious studies (6 decks)

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