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Buddhism y1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Hagiography?

A

A biography of a saint or religious leader. It’s purpose is to inspire and inform. May be biased or exaggerated.

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2
Q

What is Dharma?

A

The teachings of the Buddha

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3
Q

When did Buddhism begin?

A

~400BC

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4
Q

Features of the conception dream of Queen Maya

A

She slept under a full moon and dreamt of a white elephant carrying a lotus flower entering her side, the Buddha.

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5
Q

What are the three lakshanas?

A

The truths of existence in dharma

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6
Q

Dukkha

A

The Intrinsic Unsatisfactoriness of existence

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7
Q

Anatta

A

No fixed self, names are conceptual terms, when we understand this- pratiyasamutpada.

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8
Q

What is pratiyasamutpada?

A

Core concept in Buddhism that emphasises the interconnectedness of all things and explains cause and effect.

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9
Q

What are the 5 skandhas?

A

AKA: Aggregates, are the five fundamental components that make up an individual’s mental and physical existence.

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10
Q

1st of the 5 skandhas?

A

Form (Rupa):
This refers to the physical body and everything that constitutes the material world.

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11
Q

2nd of the 5 skandhas?

A

Feeling (Vedana):
This encompasses the experiences of pleasure, pain, and neutrality, both bodily and mental, arising from sensory experiences.

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12
Q

3rd of the 5 skandhas?

A

Perception (Samjna):
This involves the recognition and labeling of sensory experiences, allowing us to understand and categorize our world.

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13
Q

4th of the 5 skandhas?

A

Mental Formations (Samskara):
These are the habitual patterns of thought, intention, and behavior that influence our actions and responses.

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14
Q

5th of the 5 skandhas?

A

Consciousness (Vijnana):
This refers to the awareness and recognition of the other four skandhas, as well as the external world.

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15
Q

Anicca

A

Impermanence

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16
Q

Anatta example..

A

The Chariot Analogy:
The story involves Nagasena, a Buddhist monk, and King Milinda. King Milinda asks Nagasena if the chariot is the wheels, axles, etc. Nagasena answers “no” to each part, ultimately stating that the chariot is a concept created by the combination of these parts.

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17
Q

What were the key events in Siddhartha Gautama’s life?

A

Queen Mayas Dream,
Life in the palace,
The four sights,
The great renunciation,
Two teachers,
Ascetic life with the samanas,
Sitting under the bodhi tree,
The temptations of Mara,
Awakening

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18
Q

What did Mara use to tempt Siddhartha?

A

God of desire Mara used sense of duty, sent his daughter’s to seduce him, sent his sons to make him fear. All to prevent him from escaping samsara.

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19
Q

What were the four sights?

A

The old man- anicca
The sick man- dukkha
The corpse- anatta
The holy man-magga

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20
Q

What is magga?

A

the path, or way, that leads to the cessation of suffering and the attainment of enlightenment.

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21
Q

What did Atisha forecast for the destiny of the child Siddhartha?

A

He would either become a great world ruler or a religious teacher

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22
Q

Features of the birth of Buddha:

A

Was born painlessly as Maya held a Sala tree,jets of water, he took seven steps and shouted “I am chief of the world”

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23
Q

What are the key differences between THERAVADA and MAHAYANA Buddhism

A

Theravada Buddha is a human being who lived in a particular historical epoch but in Mahayana Buddhism there are many celestial Buddha which existed throughout many epochs and universes.

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24
Q

What is the Dharmachakra?

A

The Wheel of Dharma, also known as the Dharmachakra, is a central symbol in Buddhism, representing the teachings of the Buddha and the path to enlightenment.

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25
What are the threefold trainings?
moral conduct (sila), concentration (samadhi), and wisdom (prajna). It's a foundational aspect of Buddhist practice, guiding individuals towards spiritual development and enlightenment
26
What is the eightfold path?
The Eightfold Path, also known as the Noble Eightfold Path, is a central concept in Buddhism, outlining a practical path to achieve enlightenment and end suffering
27
What are the wisdom components of the eightfold path?
The right understanding The right thought
28
What are the moral components of the eightfold path?
The right speech The right action The right livelihood
29
What are the concentration aspects of the eightfold path?
The right effort The right mindfulness The right concentration
30
What is meant by the right understanding?
Understanding the Four Noble Truths (suffering, its cause, the end of suffering, and the path to the end of suffering).
31
What is meant by the right thought?
Cultivating wholesome thoughts and intentions, free from greed, hatred, and harmful desires.
32
What is meant by the right speech?
Avoiding lying, gossiping, harsh language, and idle chatter.
33
What is meant by the right action?
Engaging in ethical behavior, such as refraining from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
34
What is meant by the right livelihood?
Choosing a profession that does not harm oneself or others.
35
What is meant by the right effort?
Cultivating positive states of mind and preventing negative states from arising.
36
What is meant by the right mindfulness?
Maintaining awareness of one's body, emotions, and thoughts.
37
What is meant by the right concentration?
Developing mental focus and concentration, leading to higher levels of awareness.
38
How do you reach wisdom?
Hear the dharma, reflect on the dharma, to realise the truth for yourself and be transformed by that realisation
39
What is the middle way?
The "Middle Way" in Buddhism, also known as the Eightfold Path, is a practical guide for avoiding extremes and achieving enlightenment by following a balanced path of ethics, concentration, and wisdom
40
What are the five precepts?
refraining from taking life, stealing, sexual misconduct, wrong speech (lying, gossiping, harsh language, and idle chatter), and intoxicants
41
The four jhanas
Stages of meditative absorbtion
42
What is the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta?
"The setting in motion of the wheel of the dhamma"
43
What is Sutta?
Sutta - lessons from the Buddha
44
What are the four noble truths?
(1) suffering exists, (2) suffering is caused by craving, (3) suffering can end, and (4) there is a path to end suffering
45
Dukkha Dukkha
Ordinary suffering, the direct experience of suffering
46
Viparinama dukkha
Suffering due to change
47
Sankhara dukkha
Suffering due to formations, or suffering due to the conditioned nature of existence
48
Example of Sankhara dukkha..
E.g Alicia Douvall, plastic surgery
49
What is the patimokkha?
a vinaya fundamental code of monastic discipline, containing 227 rules for monks and 311 for nuns
50
What is the tipitaka in Theravada Buddhism?
Tipitaka, also known as the Pāḷi Canon, is the most complete extant collection of early Buddhist scriptures in the Theravada tradition, preserved in the Pāḷi language
51
What is the Tipitaka composed of?
The Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
52
What is the Vinaya pitaka?
Code of behaviour for monks/nuns
53
What is the Abhidhamma pitaka?
Commentaries
54
What is the sutta pitaka?
Suttas that the Buddha said and taught
55
What are monks and nuns called in Buddhism?
Bikkhus and Bikkhunis
56
How many rules in patimokkha?
227 rules
57
How were the rules of the patimokkha formulated?
In response to incidents, which are reported in the patimokkha
58
The first parajika
1 Intentional sexual intercourse of any kind with another human or animal
59
What is an arhat?
a being who has achieved enlightenment and has ended their suffering by following the Buddha's teachings. They are considered a "worthy one" or a "perfected person" who has attained Nirvana and is liberated from the cycle of rebirth.
60
What is a bodhisattva?
a being who has achieved enlightenment but deliberately postpones entering Nirvana (the state of liberation) to help others achieve enlightenment as well.
61
What is a bodhisattva's Six paramitas (perfections)?
Generosity Ethical conduct Patience Diligent effort Meditation Wisdom
62
What are bhumis?
the ten progressive stages or levels of spiritual development that a Bodhisattva, a being dedicated to enlightenment, traverses on their path to becoming a Buddha
63
What are the four stages of awakening?
Stream-winner, once-returner, non-returner, arhat (worthy one)
64
Example of a bodhisattva
The Dalai Lama
65
What is karma
Action not fate Consequence not punishment
66
Reincarnation
Hinduism and Sikhism They believe status in life is a result of previous actions in past lives Believe one has an unchanging essence (atman).
67
What is The Doctrine Of Dependent Origination
All things arise dependent on conditions - when the conditions cease, the thing itself ceases E.g Indra's web
68
Rebirth
Fire which catches another man's field still the first man responsible - nagasena

Philosophy (8 decks)

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