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GCSE Religion and Philosophy > Buddhist terminology > Flashcards

Buddhist terminology Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Zazen meditation

A

a type of meditation in Zen Buddhism that requires awareness of the present moment

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2
Q

Wheel of life

A

a pictorial representation (a thangka) that symbolises the nature of reality and the cycle of birth. death, and rebirth

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3
Q

Wesak

A

traditional Therevada festival that celebrates the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and passing away

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4
Q

Visualisation

A

imagining or ‘seeing’ an object in one’s mind

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5
Q

Vipassana meditation

A

‘insight meditation’ - a type of meditation that involves developing understanding of the nature of reality

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6
Q

Vihara

A

a Buddhist temple or monastery

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7
Q

Tripitaka

A

the ‘three baskets’ of traditional Buddhist sacred scriptures

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8
Q

Three mental Poisons

A

the forces that keep the cycle of Samsara turning: ignorance, greed, hatred

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9
Q

Therevada Buddhism

A

‘the school of elders’ - the oldest Buddhist tradition found in Southern Asia

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10
Q

Thangka

A

a detailed painting of a Buddha or Bodhisattva for vipassana meditation

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11
Q

Tanha

A

craving - the cause of suffering. There are 3 types: craving for pleasure, craving for being, craving for non-being

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12
Q

Stupa

A

small building in a monastery that sometimes contains holy relics; Buddhists may circumambulate to remind themselves that the Buddha and his teachings are at the centre of their lives

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13
Q

Skandha (aggregate)

A

the 5 aspects that make up a person (the chariot analogy)

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14
Q

Shrine

A

an area with a statue of the Buddha (or Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism), which is the focal point for Buddhist meditation and devotion; a means of showing gratitude

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15
Q

Paramita (Six Perfections)

A

6 qualities/virtues that Mahayana Buddhists try to develop in order to live as a Boddhisattva: dana (generosity), virya (energy), sila (morality), dhyana (meditation), ksanti (patience), prana (wisdom)

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16
Q

Sila

A

ethics - a section of the eightfold path that emphasises the importance of skilful action as the basis for spiritual progress

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17
Q

Sangha

A

the second noble truth: there are causes of suffering

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18
Q

Samsara

A

the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth

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19
Q

Samatha meditation

A

calming meditation - a type of meditation that involves calming the mind and developing concentration

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20
Q

Samadhi

A

a section of the eightfold path that emphasises the role of meditation in spiritual development

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21
Q

Saddha

A

trustful confidence or faith; what we need to have in the Buddha’s teachings in the early stages before we have wisdom

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22
Q

Pure land Buddhism

A

a Mahayana form of Buddhism based on the belief in Amitabha Buddha

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23
Q

Puja

A

worship

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24
Q

Punya

A

karmic merit or fruitfulness

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25
Paritta
chanting, reciting from Buddhist scriptures
26
Parinirvana
nirvana-after-death or nirvana-without-remainder, which occurs upon the death of someone who has achieved nirvana in their lifetime
27
Panna
wisdom - a part of the eightfold path that deals with Buddhist approaches to understanding the nature of reality
28
Nirodha
the third noble truth: suffering can be stopped
29
Nidana
twelve factors that illustrate the process of birth, death, and rebirth (in the wheel of life)
30
Nirvana/Nibbana
a state of complete enlightenment, happiness, and peace
31
Metta
loving kindness - showing a benevolent, kind, friendly attitude to all other beings
32
Mara
a demon that symbolises spiritual obstacles such as temptation
33
Mantra
a short sequence of sacred syllables
34
Mandala
an intricate, circle - shaped pattern that is used for meditation
35
Mala
prayer beads that are used to count the number of recitations in a mantra
36
Mahayana Buddhism
an umbrella term to describe later Buddhist traditions such as Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Zen Buddhism
37
Magga
the fourth noble truth: the eightfold path
38
Kasina
focal object used in Samatha meditation. The Buddha mentioned 10 kasinas: earth, water, fire, wind, blue, yellow, red, white, space, consciousness
39
Karuna
compassion of empathy for the suffering of other beings
40
Kamma
Buddhists believe that our actions in this life initiate another life after ours. Our skilful and unskilful deeds affect the next life either positively or negatively
41
Jataka Tales
a body of literature concerning the lives of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form. Typically the Buddha helps resolve a situation and exhibits a particular Buddhist virtue
42
Gompa
hall or building where the Tibetan monks meditate
43
Four Sublime States
the four qualities which the Buddha taught all the Buddhists should develop: karuna (compassion), metta (loving-kindness), mudita (sympathetic joy), upekkha (equanimity)
44
Enlightenment
the gaining of true knowledge about the nature of reality, gaining freedom from the cycle of rebirth
45
Engaged Buddhism
a movement that focuses on applying Buddhist teachings to matters concerning environmental and social justice
46
Samkhara-dukkha
suffering that arises through attachment to people and things
47
Viparinama-dukkha
suffering that arises through ordinary processes of change
48
Dukkha-dukkha
pain or physical suffering
49
Dukkha
the first noble truth: there is suffering
50
Dhammapada
the collections of sayings of the Buddha; one of the tripitaka
51
Dhamma
one of the three jewels/refuges, the teachings of the Buddha
52
Dana
charity/generosity; one of the 6 perfections
53
Buddha-nature
the idea that everyone has the essence of or the potential to become a Buddha within them
54
Buddha rupa
a statue of the Buddha, often sitting cross-legged in a meditation pose
55
Buddha
a title given to someone who has achieved enlightenment
56
Bot
the ordination hall in the Buddhist temple or vihara
57
Bodhisattva
For Mahayana Buddhists, someone who has become enlightened but chooses to remain in the cycle of Samsara to help others achieve enlightenment
58
Bikkhu
an ordained Buddhist monk
59
Arhat
for Therevada Buddhists, someone who has been enlightened
60
Antarabhava
the intermediate state between death and rebirth
61
Anicca
impermanence; the idea that everything is subject to change
62
Anatta
the idea that people do not have a permanent fixed self or soul
63
Adhisthana
blessing - spiritual energy passed through proximity

GCSE Religion and Philosophy (6 decks)

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