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Question 1

refers to the measures taken by any enterprise or organization to secure its computer network and data using both hardware and software systems. This aims at securing the confidentiality and accessibility of the data and network.

Answer 1

Network Security

Question 2

The network security solutions protect various vulnerabilities of the computer systems such as:

Answer 2

Users
Locations
Data
Devices
Applications

Question 3

This is the most basic level that includes protecting the data and network through unauthorized personnel from acquiring control over the confidentiality of the network.

Answer 3

Physical Network Security:

Question 4

It primarily focuses on protecting the data stored in the network or data involved in transitions through the network. This type serves two purposes.

Answer 4

Technical Network Security

Question 5

This level of network security protects user behavior like how the permission has been granted and how the authorization process takes place.

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Administrative Network Security

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This method limits access to network applications and systems to a specific group of users and devices. These systems deny access to users and devices not already sanctioned.

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Access control

Question 7

are software designed to detect, remove or prevent viruses and malware, such as Trojan horses, ransomware and spyware, from infecting a computer and, consequently, a network.

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Antivirus and antimalware

Question 8

It is crucial to monitor and protect applications that organizations use to run their businesses. as modern malware threats often targetopen sourcecode and containers that organizations use to build software and applications.

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Application security

Question 9

This method analyzes network behavior and automatically detects and alerts organizations to abnormal activities.

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Behavioral analytics

Question 10

Cloud providers often sell add-oncloud securitytools that provide security capabilities in their cloud. The cloud provider manages the security of its overall infrastructure and offers tools for the user to protect their instances within the overall cloud infrastructure

Answer 10

Cloud security

Question 11

These tools monitor data in use, in motion and at rest to detect and prevent data breaches.

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Data loss prevention (DLP).

Question 12

IPSesare designed to prevent intrusions by detecting and blocking unauthorized attempts to access a network.

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Intrusion prevention system

Question 13

Business applications for smartphones and other mobile devices have made these devices an important part of network security.

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Mobile device security

Question 14

an easy-to-employ and increasingly popular network security solution that requires two or more factors to verify a user’s identity

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Multifactor authentication (MFA).

Question 15

This approach gives organizations more control of and increased visibility into traffic flow. Industrial network security is a subset of network segmentation, providing increased visibility into industrial control systems (ICSes).

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Network segmentation

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This approach lets organizations scan for malware by opening a file in an isolated environment before granting it access to the network.

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Sandboxing

Question 17

This security management technique logs data from applications and network hardware and monitors for suspicious behavior. When an anomaly is detected, theSIEMsystem alerts the organization and takes other appropriate action.

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Security information and event management (SIEM)

Question 18

method that sits on top of the network it protects, concealing it from attackers and unauthorized users. It uses identity criteria to limit access to resources and forms a virtual boundary around networked resources.

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Software-defined perimeter (SDP).

Question 19

secures the connection from an endpoint to an organization’s network. It uses tunneling protocols to encrypt information that is sent over a less secure network.

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Virtual private network (VPN).

Question 20

This practice controls employee web use on an organization’s network and devices, including blocking certain threats and websites, while also protecting the integrity of an organization’s websites themselves.

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Web security

Question 21

are one of the riskiest parts of a network and require stringent protections and monitoring. It’s important to followwireless security best practices, such as segmenting Wi-Fi users by service set identifiers, or SSIDs, and using 802.1Xauthentication.

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Wireless security.

Question 22

measures and secureload balancersare crucial to protecting the data contained in these workloads.

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Workload security

Question 23

Similar to network access control, only grants a user the access they must have do their job. It blocks all other permissions.

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. Zero-trust network access

Question 24

Network security ensures the ongoing high performance of the networks that businesses and individual users rely on.

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Functionality

Question 25

Network security prevents the security breaches that can expose PII and other sensitive information, damage a business's reputation and result in financial losses.

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Privacy and security

Question 26

Securing access to intellectual property related to products, services and business strategies helps organizations maintain their competitive edge.

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Intellectual property protection

Question 27

Complying with data security and privacy regulations, such as HIPAA and GDPR, is legally required in many countries

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Compliance

Question 28

The biggest network security challenge is the rate at which cyber attacks evolve. Threat actors and their methods constantly change as technology changes

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Evolving network attack methods.

Question 29

As mentioned, security is every network user's responsibility. It can be difficult for organizations to ensure that everyone is adhering to network security best practices, while simultaneously evolving those strategies to address the newest threats.

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User adherence

Question 30

Remote work is also more prevalent. This makes wireless security more important, as users are more likely to be using a personal or public network when accessing company networks.

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Remote and mobile access

Question 31

Cloud providers, managed security services and security product vendors often get access to an organization's network, opening new potential vulnerabilities.

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Third-party partners

Question 32

one of the highest-paying positions in network security. responsible for developing and implementing an overall information security program.

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Chief information security officers  (CISOs)

Question 33

are hired to break into a corporate network to expose vulnerabilities. This can be automated or performed manually by employees or third-party pen testing-as-a-service providers.

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Penetration testers

Question 34

focus on quality control within the IT infrastructure.

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Security engineers 

Question 35

plan, analyze, design and test an organization's IT infrastructure

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Security architects 

Question 36

analyze and plan security strategy, as well as perform security audits.

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Security analysts 

Question 37

occurs when individuals close to an organization who have authorized access to its network intentionally or unintentionally misuse that access to negatively affect the organization's critical data or systems.

Answer 37

Insider threats

Question 38

are malicious software programs (malware) aimed at destroying an organization's systems, data and network. malicious code that replicates by copying itself to another program, system or host file. It remains dormant until someone knowingly or inadvertently activates it, spreading the infection without the knowledge or permission of a user or system administration.

Answer 38

Viruses and worms

Question 39

self-replicating program that doesn't have to copy itself to a host program or require human interaction to spread. Its main function is to infect other computers while remaining active on the infected system.

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computer worm 

Question 40

is a collection of Internet-connected devices, including PCs, mobile devices, servers and IoT devices that are infected and remotely controlled by a common type of malware.

Answer 40

Botnets

Question 41

malicious code is downloaded from a website via a browser, application or integrated operating system without a user's permission or knowledge.

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Drive-by download attacks

Question 42

are a type of information security threat that employs social engineering to trick users into breaking normal security practices and giving up confidential information, including names, addresses, login credentials, Social Security numbers, credit card information and other financial information.

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Phishing attacks

Question 43

multiple compromised machines attack a target, such as a server, website or other network resource, making the target totally inoperable.

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Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks

Question 44

the victim's computer is locked, typically by encryption, which keeps the victim from using the device or data that's stored on it. To regain access to the device or data, the victim has to pay the hacker a ransom, typically in a virtual currency such as Bitcoin.

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Ransomware

Question 45

programming tool that enables a person without any experience writing software code to create, customize and distribute malware.

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Exploit kits

Question 46

an unauthorized intruder penetrates a network and remains undetected for an extended period of time. Rather than causing damage to a system or network, the goal of attack is to monitor network activity and steal information to gain access, including exploit kits and malware.

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Advanced persistent threat attacks

Question 47

technique cybercriminals use to inject malicious code into legitimate online advertising networks and web pages. This code typically redirects users to malicious websites or installs malware on their computers or mobile devices.

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Malvertising

Question 48

This principle focuses on ensuring that information is only accessible to those who have the proper authorization and need to know. It involves preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data.

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Confidentiality

Question 49

ensures that data is accurate and reliable and is not modified incorrectly, whether accidentally or maliciously.

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Integrity

Question 50

ensures that information and resources are accessible and usable when needed. This principle aims to prevent disruptions or downtime that could impact an organization's operations.

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Availability

Question 51

the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. It encompasses a wide range of strategies, technologies, and best practices aimed at safeguarding data and information systems from unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, or destruction.

Answer 51

Information security

Question 52

These are the qualities that are directly related to the user's experience and satisfaction while using the software.

Answer 52

Quality in Use Characteristics

Question 53

The software's ability to perform its intended functions correctly and efficiently.

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Effectiveness

Question 54

ensures that information remains accurate and trustworthy throughout its lifecycle. It involves protecting data from unauthorized alteration, deletion, or corruption.

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Integrity

Question 55

The user's overall satisfaction with the software.

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Satisfaction

Question 56

These are the internal qualities of the software, which indirectly influence the quality in use characteristics

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Product Quality Characteristics

Question 57

The set of features and functions provided by the software.

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Functionality

Question 58

The software's ease of use and learnability for users.

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Reliability

Question 59

Similar to the quality in use characteristic, this addresses the internal efficiency of the software.

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Efficiency

Question 60

The ease with which the software can be modified or adapted.

Answer 60

Maintainability

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The ability of the software to be used in different environments and platforms.

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Portability

Question 62

emphasizes preventing security incidents and vulnerabilities before they occur. It involves implementing security measures and best practices to mitigate risks.

Answer 62

Preventive Focus

Question 63

aim to identify and address potential threats and vulnerabilities in advance, reducing the likelihood of security breaches

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Risk Mitigation

Question 64

responding to security incidents after they have occurred. It involves identifying and mitigating the impact of security breaches or data breaches.

Answer 64

Incident Response

Question 65

Reactive measures are geared towards minimizing damage, containing incidents, and recovering from security breaches, such as data recovery and forensic analysis.

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Damage Control

Question 66

is like setting up guards specifically to protect your computer, networks, and data from online thieves and hackers. It's all about defending your digital assets from cyber threats.

Answer 66

Cybersecurity

Question 67

Implement strong authentication mechanisms, such as two-factor authentication (2FA) or multi-factor authentication (MFA), to ensure that only authorized users can access information.

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Access Control

Question 68

Encrypt data at rest and in transit using strong encryption algorithms. This protects data even if it falls into the wrong hands or is intercepted during transmission.

Answer 68

Data Encryption

Question 69

Deploy firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to monitor and filter network traffic for potential threats.

Answer 69

Network Security

Question 70

Keep all software, operating systems, and applications up to date with the latest security patches and updates to address known vulnerabilities.

Answer 70

Regular Patch Management

Question 71

Conduct cybersecurity training for employees to educate them about security best practices, phishing threats, and the importance of strong passwords.

Answer 71

User Training and Awareness

Question 72

Regularly monitoring systems and networks for security events and vulnerabilities, as well as conducting periodic security assessments and audits.

Answer 72

Continuous Monitoring

Question 73

Protecting the organization's network infrastructure from external threats through firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, and secure network design.

Answer 73

Network Security

Question 74

Securing individual devices (endpoints) such as computers, smartphones, and IoT devices through antivirus software, encryption, and patch management.

Answer 74

Endpoint Security

Question 75

Protecting data at rest, in transit, and during processing through encryption, access controls, and data loss prevention measures.

Answer 75

Data Security

Question 76

Identifying, assessing, and mitigating information security risks through risk analysis, risk assessment, and risk treatment strategies.

Answer 76

Risk Management

Question 77

Ensuring that the organization complies with relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards related to information security, such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS.

Answer 77

Compliance

Question 78

type of attack that involves intercepting a communication or message and altering it for malicious effect.

Answer 78

Active Attack

Question 79

the attacker interrupts the original communication and creates new, malicious messages, pretending to be one of the communicating parties.

Answer 79

Interruption

Question 80

the attacker uses existing communications, and either replays them to fool one of the communicating parties, or modifies them to gain an advantage.

Answer 80

Modification

Question 81

creates fake, or synthetic, communications, typically with the aim of achieving denial of service (DoS). This prevents users from accessing systems or performing normal operations.

Answer 81

Fabrication

Question 82

monitors a system and illicitly copies information without altering it. They then use this information to disrupt networks or compromise target systems.

Answer 82

Passive Attack