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History GCSE > Build up to Cold War > Flashcards

Build up to Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Teheran conference?

A

1943

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2
Q

What 3 things were discussed at the Teheran Conference?

A

1) Agreed to open a second front to relieve pressure on the USSR
2) Stalin suggested executing 50,000-100,000 German officers
3) Stalin made large claims in Germany and Poland but details were left until later

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3
Q

When was the Yalta Conference?

A

February 1945

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4
Q

Which politicians were at the Yalta conference?

A

Stalin(USSR), Roosevelt(USA) and Churchill(BR)

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5
Q

What was agreed at the Yalta Conference?

A

1) the USSR would go to War with Japan once Germany had surrender
2) Germany was to be divided into four zones
3) Berlin was to be divided into four zones
4) Agreed to hunt down and punish war criminals for the genocide
5) countries liberated form German rule to hold free elections
6) Eastern Europe would be seen as a ‘Soviet Sphere of Influence’
7) all countries to join the United Nations

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6
Q

What was disagreed about at the Yalta Conference?

A

The future of Poland

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7
Q

Why did the USA and Britain allow the USSR to move its border into Poland?

A

1) Stalin’s red army has control of both Poland and East Germany so there was not much they could do
2) deal that the USSR would not interfere with Greece where the British were attempting to prevent a communist takeover

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8
Q

When was the Potsdam Conference?

A

July-August 1945

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9
Q

What were 4 things which were different at Potsdam compared to Yalta?

A

1) in May 1945 Soviet troops reached Berlin and Germany surrendered
2) Truman had replaced Roosevelt as the new American president
3) Stalin’s armies were occupying most of Eastern Europe (having liberated countries from German rule but then left his troops there)
4) the Americans had successfully tested an atomic bomb

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10
Q

When did the Americans successfully test an atomic bomb?

A

16th July 1945

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11
Q

How did Stalin excuse his occupation of Eastern Europe?

A

He said it was a defensive measure against possible future attacks (Buffer Zone)

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12
Q

Why was the Yalta conference dominated by rivalry between Stalin and Truman?

A

Churchill was replaced by the new British prime minister, Attlee

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13
Q

Why did Stalin and Truman disagree about what to do with Germany at Yalta?

A

Stalin wanted to cripple Germany to protect the USSR from future threats.
Truman did not want a repeat of the TOV.

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14
Q

Why were there disagreements over Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe at the Potsdam Conference?

A

At Yalta it was agreed that Stalin could view Eastern Europe as a ‘Soviet Sphere of influence’ so Stalin started setting up Pro-Soviet governments in Eastern Europe
Truman was unhappy about Russian intentions

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15
Q

Why did Truman as opposed to Roosevelt as President make Yalta more tense?

A

Truman was far more anti-communist than Roosevelt

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16
Q

How many Russian casualties were there in WW2?

A

20 million

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17
Q

What was the ‘Iron Curtain’?

A

Described the division between Soviet controlled Eastern Europe and the Capitalist West

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18
Q

When was the ‘Iron Curtain’ first mentioned?

A

In March 1946 in a speech Churchill gave in America warning of the spread of communism in Europe

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19
Q

Why did Stalin want control over Eastern Europe?

A

1) wanted to create a ‘buffer zone’ between the West and the USSR
2) wanted compensation for the 20 million military deaths in WW2
3) wanted to spread communism
4) the percentages deal promises Stalin Eastern Europe

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20
Q

Describe the Soviet takeover of Poland

A

In 1947 elections were temporarily rigged so that communists took complete control (after having dominated a post war coalition government)

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21
Q

Describe the Soviet takeover of Romania?

A

In 1946 Stalin disarmed the Romanian army and forced the king to appoint a communist government
In 1947 the monarchy was abolished

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22
Q

Describe the Soviet takeover of Hungary?

A

Communists became the largest single party in the 1947 elections
They imprisoned opposition leaders and attacked church leaders

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23
Q

Describe the Soviet takeover of Czechoslovakia?

A

In the 1946 elections communists became the largest single party
The communist prime minster controlled the police and armed forces
Due to doubt that the communists would win the 1948 elections they used the army to seize control with the support of the USSR
They banned other parties and killed Jan Masaryk (a foreign minister)

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24
Q

Describe the Soviet takeover of Bulgaria?

A

Rigged elections in 1945 so communists took control
Executed the leaders of other parties
Abolished the monarchy

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25
Q

Who was elected president of Yugoslavia in 1945?

A

Marshal Tito

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26
Q

When and why was Yugoslavia expelled from Com-inform?

A

In 1948 as Tito was determined to apply communism in his own way

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27
Q

How did Stalin tighten his control of countries in the Soviet Sphere of influence?

A

1) used the secret police to imprison anyone who opposed communist rule
2) set up cominform which allowed Stalin torpor out independently minded leaders at meetings in Moscow

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28
Q

When did Stalin set up Cominform?

A

October 1947

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29
Q

What were the two sides in the Greek civil war?

A

The monarchists and communists

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30
Q

When did Churchill send British troops to Greece?

A

1945

31
Q

Why did the USSR protest to the UN in 1946?

A

Because British troops had supported the monarchists and helped return the king to power in Greece

32
Q

When did the Greek civil war start?

A

1946

33
Q

When did British troops announce they were withdrawing from Greece?

A

February 1947

34
Q

How much did the US donate to the Greek war effort of the monarchists?

A

$400 million

35
Q

Who was victorious in the Greek civil war?

A

The monarchists

36
Q

How much did Europe collectively owe the US after the war?

A

$11.5 billion

37
Q

Give three things that showed the deprivation in Europe after WW2

A

1) Shortage of food and clothing (most countries were still rationing bread)
2) shortage of fuel
3) damage caused by war to infrastructure

38
Q

When was all electricity in Britain turned off for a period each day?

A

The winter of 1947

39
Q

How much of London was destroyed by the blitz?

A

A third

40
Q

How much money did the Marshall plan give to Europe?

A

$17 billion

41
Q

When was the Marshall plan first proposed to congress?

A

December 1947

42
Q

When and why did the Marshall plan successfully pass through Congress?

A

March 1948 (due to events in Czechoslovakia)

43
Q

What did George Marshall say the purpose of the Marshall Plan was?

A

“Our policy is not directed against any country, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos”

44
Q

When did Truman give the speech later referred to as the Truman Doctrine?

A

1947

45
Q

What did Truman refer to communist actions in Greece as?

A

“terrorist activities”

46
Q

What did Truman say communism relied upon?

A

“terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms”

47
Q

Where did Truman say communism spread and grew?

A

“in the evil soil of poverty and strife”

48
Q

What was the policy that the Truman Doctrine set up and which did it abandon?

A

Set up the policy of Containment and abandoned the policy of isolationism

49
Q

How did the Truman Doctrine set up communism and capitalism as opposing and opposite policies?

A

Described as “alternative ways of life”

50
Q

What was Trizona and when was it established?

A

It was the joining of the three skies sectors of Germany in 1949

51
Q

What was the currency introduced in west Germany in 1948?

A

The Deutsch mark

52
Q

When did Stalin implement the Berlin Blockade?

A

24th June 1948

53
Q

What did the Berlin blockade mean?

A

1) all access to West Berlin was blocked

2) food supplies to the civilian population were stopped

54
Q

Why did Stalin implement the Berlin blockade?

A

To force the allies out of Berlin and make it entirely depend on the USSR

55
Q

How did Truman view West Berlin?

A

As a symbol of freedom behind the iron curtain

56
Q

When did the Berlin airlift start?

A

28th June 1948

57
Q

How long did the Berlin Blockade last for?

A

10 months

58
Q

When did Stalin abandon the Berlin Blockade?

A

12th May 1949

59
Q

How many flights did American planes perform during the Berlin Blockade?

A

275,000

60
Q

How many tonnes of supplies were delivered to West Berlin by American planes?

A

1.5 million

61
Q

When and why did the USA set up NATO?

A

In April 1949 because war had seemed like a real possibility during the Berlin Blockade

62
Q

What was milk described as on an American poster during the Berlin Blockade?

A

“The new weapon of democracy”

63
Q

When did the USSR set up the Warsaw Pact?

A

1955

64
Q

How much was the USA spending on military in 1949 compared to in 1953?

A

1949: $13 billion
1953: $40 billion

65
Q

How much was the USSR spending on military in 1949 compared to in 1953?

A

1949: $13 billion
1953: $25 billion

66
Q

When did the USSR first successfully test a nuclear bomb?

A

1949

67
Q

When did the USA first successfully test a Hydrogen Bomb?

A

1953

68
Q

When did the USSR first successfully test a Hydrogen Bomb?

A

1953 (only a few months behind the USSR)

69
Q

Where did the USA have Soviet missile bases in Europe?

A

Greece and Turkey

70
Q

When was Comecon set up?

A

1949

71
Q

What did Comecon do?

A

Coordinated the industries and trade of Eastern European countries

72
Q

How did Comecon benefit the USSR?

A

1) provided it with a market to sell its goods in

2) guaranteed it a cheap supply of raw materials (Polish coal for a tenth of price on open market)

73
Q

How much did the USSR buy coal from Poland for under Comecon?

A

One tenth of the price it would have been on the open market

74
Q

How many people were living in West Berlin during the Berlin airlift?

A

3 million

History GCSE (8 decks)

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