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ARE 5.0 PA - Programming & Analysis > Building > Flashcards

Building Flashcards

1
Q

net area per person: office

A

100-250 sf

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2
Q

net area per seat: restaurant dining

A

15-18 sf

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3
Q

net area per seat: restaurant kitchen

A

3.6-5 sf

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4
Q

gross area per room: hotel (1.5 persons/room)

A

550-600 sf

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5
Q

net area per person: library reading room

A

20-35 sf

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6
Q

net area per person: theater with fixed seats

A

7.5 sf

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7
Q

net area per person: assembly areas; moveable seats

A

15 sf

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8
Q

% of seating area: theater lobbies

A

30%

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9
Q

net area per student: classroom

A

15-20 sf

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10
Q

net area per person: store

A

30-50 sf

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11
Q

benchmarking

A

establishment of common standards for rooms, spaces, and activities based on the measurement of similar facilities

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12
Q

net area (net assignable area)

A

the area determined by benchmarking / equipment needs (auto garage) / activity (basketball court) but not including circulation, mechanical space, or structure

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13
Q

unassigned area (nonassignable area)

A

circulation space, mechanical space, equipment rooms, wall and structural thicknesses

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14
Q

gross building area

A

net area + unassigned area

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15
Q

efficiency

A

net area : gross area

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16
Q

building efficiency: office

A

0.75 - 0.85

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17
Q

building efficiency: retail office

A

0.75 - 0.90

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18
Q

building efficiency: restaurant

A

0.65 - 0.70

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19
Q

building efficiency: public library

A

0.75 - 0.80

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20
Q

building efficiency: museum

A

0.83 - 0.90

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21
Q

building efficiency: theaters

A

0.60 - 0.75

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22
Q

building efficiency: hospitals

A

0.50 - 0.65

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23
Q

space req’d: mechanical rooms (total)

A

5 - 9% of GBA

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24
Q

space req’d: heating / boiling rooms

A

3 - 5% of GBA

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25
Q

space req’d: heating / forced air

A

4 - 8% of GBA

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26
Q

space req’d: fan room

A

3 - 7% of GBA

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27
Q

space req’d: toilets

A

50 sf per water closet

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28
Q

space req’d: water closet

A

1 per 15 people up to 55, 1 per 40 people over 55

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29
Q

space req’d: urinals

A

substitute one for each WC, but total water closets cannot be reduced less than 2/3 of the number required

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30
Q

space req’d: lavatories

A

1 per 15 people for offices / 1 per 60 people for public buildings

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31
Q

space req’d: hydraulic elevator, 2000 lbm

A

7’-4” Wx 6’-0”D

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32
Q

space req’d: elevator lobby

A

6’-0” D

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33
Q

space req’d: main corridors

A

5’ - 7’

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34
Q

space req’d: exit corridors

A

4’ (44” minimum by code)

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35
Q

space req’d: monumental stairs

A

5’ - 8’

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36
Q

exit stairs

A

4’ (44” minimum by code)

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37
Q

rentable area

A

occupant area * load factor ; this will include the net area as well as circulation and shared areas (determined by the building owner and reflected in the load factor).

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38
Q

occupant area

A

area used exclusively by a tenant in a multi tenant building

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39
Q

load factor

A

accounts for shared area of the building - determined by building owner but BOMA produces standards

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40
Q

base building circulation

A

the minimum path on a multi-occupant floor necessary for access to and egress from occupant areas, elevators, stairs, restrooms, janitorial closets, etc.

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41
Q

BOMA Z65.1

A

Determines rentable area for a tenant using two methods (A: legacy method / B:single load factor method)

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42
Q

pro forma

A

a financial projection for a development project that is meant to determine whether the project is feasible, given estimates on potential income and the cost of developing the project

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43
Q

budget method accuracy: project comparison method

A

15-25%

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44
Q

budget method accuracy: area method (square-foot/volume method)

A

5-15%

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45
Q

budget method accuracy: assembly method (system method)

A

10%

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46
Q

land value calculation: market approach

A

Compare to similar properties recently sold.

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47
Q

land value calculation: income approach

A

Estimate potential gross income of land, then subtract various expenses (taxes, maintenance, insurance).

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48
Q

land value calculation: cost approach

A

Estimate value of the land at its highest and best use and the cost to improve or replace the building. Subtract accrued depreciation from the replacement cost, and then add the adjusted amount to the land value at highest and best use.

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49
Q

mill levy

A

mills ($0.001) charged per $1000 of assessed value

50
Q

assessed property value

A

percentage of actual property value (set by taxing authority)

51
Q

abatement

A

a reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of some problem that tends to decrease the property’s value

52
Q

accessory building

A

a building whose function is secondary to that of the main structure

53
Q

amenities

A

desirable features of a building or near a building that have the effect of increasing the property’s value

54
Q

amortization

A

the payment of a loan using equal intervals over the life of the loan; each payment provides for a portion to be applied to the principal and the remainder to be applied to the interest.

55
Q

anchor tenant

A

a major tenant in a shopping mall, such as a department store, that in theory serves to attract shoppers to the mall to the benefit of other, smaller stores

56
Q

appraisal

A

an estimation of a property’s value made by a qualified appraiser

57
Q

assessed value

A

the value given to a piece of property by a local jurisdiction, to be used in assessing taxes on the property; the assessed value is a percentage of the actual value, which is the value that the property would command on the open market.

58
Q

boilerplate

A

a standard portion (general a paragraph or longer) of a written document, such as a contract or architectural specification, that appears in all similar documents

59
Q

buffer zone

A

a piece of land used to separate two incompatible uses

60
Q

capital expenditure

A

an amount of money used to make physical improvements to a property to enhance the property’s value over an extended period of time

61
Q

cash flow

A

the amount of money that is net income from a property after expenses are paid

62
Q

CC&Rs

A

abbreviation for “covenants, conditions, and restrictions,” which are all the rules that apply to a property owner in a subdivision, condominium, or cooperative housing facility

63
Q

cluster housing

A

a particular type of housing development in which the houses or apartments are placed close to each other and have access to nearby common open spaces

64
Q

common area

A

a portion of a building or development that is available for the use of all tenants or unit owners; typically, common areas are owned either by the property owners in the development or by a homeowners’ association, and property owners pay the maintenance fees.

65
Q

conditional use permit

A

a permit given by a city or other zoning jurisdiction for a proposed use that would otherwise not be allowed in a particular zoning district; the conditional use permit gives the zoning jurisdiction a means of imposing special conditions on the proposed development, to ensure that the development will not adversely affect the surrounding neighborhood or the public safety and welfare.

66
Q

condominium

A

a development in which residents own their own living units but share common areas, which are maintained by the condominium corporation

67
Q

conveyance

A

the act of transferring an interest in a property to another person, or the document written to formalize such a transfer

68
Q

cooperative

A

a type of land ownership where the residents of individual units own an interest in the corporation that owns the entire property. Unlike the residents of a condominium, the residents of a cooperative do not own their own units directly.

69
Q

dedication

A

the donation of a parcel of land by a developer for public use, such as for a park or school

70
Q

despoil

A

to remove items of value (from a site)

71
Q

development rights

A

the legal right of a developer to develop a parcel of land

72
Q

discount rate

A

the rate of interest that reflects the time value of money and that is used to discount future values to present values or to calculate the future value of money invested at the discount rate

73
Q

downzoning

A

a change in zoning resulting in a decrease of allowable density

74
Q

easement

A

the right to use a portion of land owned by another for a specific purpose such as the right to use a private road through another’s property to reach a property otherwise inaccessible from public roads

75
Q

encroachment

A

an intrusion onto one property by the improvement of an adjoining property

76
Q

equity

A

the amount of money an owner of a property keeps after selling the property and paying off any mortgages; that is, the difference between the fair market value of a property and the amount of debt on the property

77
Q

escalation rate

A

the rate of change in the price for a particular good or service

78
Q

fair market value (market value)

A

the value of a piece of property that a buyer would pay a seller in a free transaction for the property

79
Q

fixture

A

an item that is attached to a building and is typically included in the sale of the building

80
Q

ground lease

A

a long-term lease of a property that allows the tenant to use and improve the land, but that reverts to the owner at the end of the lease

81
Q

height zoning

A

restrictions on the heights of buildings and structures established by local laws

82
Q

improvement ratio

A

the ratio of the value of improvements on a property to the value of the property alone

83
Q

inverse condemnation

A

a remedy by a court for a private land owner whose land has been taken away by a government body

84
Q

landlocked

A

descriptive of a parcel land that does not border any public road

85
Q

land sale leaseback

A

a legal arrangement in which the owner of a property sells the property to someone else but then immediately leases it from the purchaser

86
Q

lien

A

a claim placed against a property’s deed by someone who has provided work or materials to improve the property but has not been paid for the work; also called mechanic’s/materialman’s lien

87
Q

lien waiver

A

a document that gives up a person’s right to claim a lien against property

88
Q

minimum property standards

A

minimum standards for residential building required by the Federal Housing Administration for construction or for underwriting a mortgage

89
Q

modified uniform present worth factor

A

a discount factor that it used to convert an annual amount that is changing from year to year at a given escalation rate to a time-equivalent present value

90
Q

net leasable area

A

the area of a building that is available for rent, which does not include common areas, structure stairs, and the like

91
Q

pad site

A

a separate location for development of retail space near (but not in) a shopping center

92
Q

restriction

A

a limit on how the owner of a property or building can use or improve the property; often called a restrictive covenant. It is usually contained in the deed to the property

93
Q

riparian

A

pertaining to land adjacent to a river or other body of water

94
Q

riparian rights

A

the rights of a landowner to use or control all or a portion of the water in a body of water bordering his or her property

95
Q

satellite tenant

A

a minor or smaller tenant in a shopping center

96
Q

special use permit

A

an exemption from zoning regulations given to a jurisdiction

97
Q

spot zoning

A

the application of specific zoning regulations to specific properties when nearby land is under different zoning

98
Q

underimproved land

A

property that is not producing the maximum income it is capable of producing given its size, zoning, and so on

99
Q

uniform capital recovery

A

a method of converting the future value of money to a present worth using the discount rate

100
Q

uniform present worth factor

A

the discount factor that is used to convert a uniform annual value (often an annual cost) to a time-equivalent present value

101
Q

uniform sinking fund

A

the amount of money that has to be invested at today’s value at a given interest rate (the discount rate) to become a specified amount of money in the future

102
Q

usury

A

the illegal practice of charging exorbitant interest rates on a loan

103
Q

variance

A

permission granted by a local jurisdiction to deviate from the literal provisions of a zoning ordinance where strict adherence would cause undue hardship because of conditions or circumstances unique to an individual property

104
Q

one-way structural system

A

load is transmitted through structural members in one direction at a time;; example: wood

105
Q

What is the most typical composite construction?

A

Reinforced concrete

106
Q

Arch thrust and arch height relationship?

A

Ha = 1/Ta

107
Q

arch span: wood

A

50’ - 240’

108
Q

arch span: concrete

A

20’ - 320’

109
Q

arch span: steel

A

50’ - 500’

110
Q

span-to-depth ratio: space frame

A

20:1, 30:1

111
Q

what is blocking and stacking?

A

This form of programming diagrams how the building will occupy the site (footprint and ingress/egress) along with orientation of departments/areas/functions on a floor level and between the different floors of the building. The diagram is to scale with program areas.

112
Q

What is historic preservation?

A

This form of addressing a historic building would maintain all updates to the building in an effort to preserve its full history, not just the history from a single period.

113
Q

What is historic restoration?

A

This form of addressing a historic building would involve retaining materials from the original building while removing materials that were added later on in the buildings history.

114
Q

What is historic rehabilitation?

A

This form of addressing a historic building would involve repairing along with replacing historic items.

115
Q

What is historic reconstruction?

A

This form of addressing a historic building would involve recreating the building with new materials.

116
Q

What is a blanket loan?

A

This type of loan is a common tool of developers and is used for the purchase of land that the developer intends to subdivide and resell. Generally it includes a clause that releases each subdivided plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid.

117
Q

What is a bridge loan?

A

This is a short-term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long-term loan. A hard money loan is similar and is based on the value of the property against which the loan is made. The amount of the loan depends on the quick-sale value of the property or the loan-to-value ratio.

118
Q

What is a mezzanine loan?

A

This loan is often used by developers. They are large and have variable interest rates that increase substantially near the time that the repayment is due. Stock in the developer’s company is used as collateral, as opposed to a conventional loan, where the property itself would serve as collateral. The loan requires a gamble that the property will produce enough revenue to repay the loan when the interest rates escalate.

119
Q

What is a conventional mortgage?

A

This type of loan which may have either a fixed or adjustable interest rate, is secured by the property purchased. The party borrowing the money agrees to repay the loan over a period of time, an when the debt is repaid, the borrower has clear title to the property. If the borrower defaults, the lender may begin foreclosure and seize the property.

120
Q

What is a Trombe wall?

A

This is a type of thermal storage wall used in passive solar design. It uses mass to collect and store heat from the sun during the day. When heating is required, the stored heat in the mass is circulated by natural convection to the rest of the building. This system is very efficient, but because it is positioned directly behind the glass on the south side of a building, it blocks the views from inside the building.

ARE 5.0 PA - Programming & Analysis (7 decks)

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