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Building construction Flashcards

(59 cards)

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0
Q

Four types of forces

A
  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Torsion
  • Shear
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1
Q

Dead Load

A

Weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in.

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2
Q

Live load

A

Any load other than a dead load

-Desks, cabinets, etc.

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3
Q

Axial load

A
  • A force that passes through the center of the section

- The load is perpendicular to the to the plane of the section

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4
Q

Suspended Load

A
  • Building designers eliminate interior columns by hanging the ends of beams from the overhead structure
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5
Q

Simple beam

A

Supported at 2 points near ends

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6
Q

Continuous beam

A

Supported at 3 or more points

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7
Q

Fixed beam

A

Supported and rigidly fixed at 2 points

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8
Q

Overhanging beam

A

Projects beyond support

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9
Q

Bracket beam

A

Diagonal member supports what otherwise would be cantilever

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10
Q

Joist Beam

A

A beam of wood or steel

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11
Q

Girder Beam

A

Any beam of any material that supports other beams

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12
Q

Lintel Beam

A

Beam spans opening in masonry wall

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13
Q

Grillage beam

A

Series of closely spaced beams to carry heavy load

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14
Q

Cantilever Beam

A

Rigidly fixed and supported at one end

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15
Q

Suspended beam

A

Simple beam with one or both ends suspended on a tension member

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16
Q

Transfer beam

A

Moves load laterally

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17
Q

Carrying capacity and depth of beams

A

Capacity increases by the square of its depth

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18
Q

Reaction

A

Result of force exerted by a beam on a support

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19
Q

Bending moment

A
  • Load that will bend or break the beam
  • Depends on both weight and position of the load
  • Heavy loads placed over or near the point of support
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20
Q

Trusses

A

A triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane such that loads applied at the intersection points will cause only direct stresses
-Only supports an axial load

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21
Q

Trusses-Components

A 
Chords- top and bottom members
Web- struts, ties, and panel points
       -struts; compressive connecting members
       -ties; tensile connecting members
       -Panel joints; connections
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22
Q

Columns

A

Transmit a compressive force along a straight path

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23
Q

Load carrying capacity in columns

Study These Flashcards
A

Columns lose strength by the square of the change in length

24
Roof styles
Flat Gable Mansard shed salt box Hip Gambel
25
Construction regulations
IBC, IFC, Plumbing, Mechanical, and electrical codes
26
Non-physical construction regulations
Zoning Amer. with disabilities Insurance regs Constr. safety regs
27
Concrete
``` Mixture of portland cement water aggregate Virtually no tensile strength ```
28
Metal structural steel
``` Rolled in a variety of shapes Conducts heat Elongate when heated Fails at 1000-1100F cold drawn steel fails at 800F (cables, struts, rods, etc) ```
29
Metals used in construction
``` Lightweight Malleable Non-magnetic Melts at norm fire temps Aluminum roofs are hazardous ```
30
Glass
``` Little resistance to heat or pressure Thermal pane Blast resistant Fixed sashes of double pain Laminated "hurricane resistant" Wired glass Glass fiber insulation ```
31
Asbestos
Fireproofing agent for steel | Inhaled fibers are carcinogens
32
Synthetic materials used in constr.
Plastics Thermoplastics Thermosets Interior finish Foam core panels
33
Effects of shape of construction materials
(paper on two books) Flat paper bows Paper rolled can span the gap or folded into cross section vvvvv
34
Elements required for fire
Fuel Oxidizing agent Heat Uninhibited chemical chain reaction
35
Three methods of heat transfer
Conduction Convection Radiation
36
Four stages of a fire
Incipient Free burning Flashover Smoldering/ decay
37
Elements of a compartment fire
``` Fire plume Smoke Heated gasses Ceiling layer Neutral plane ```
38
Backdraft
Burning of heated gaseous products when oxygen is introduced into an environment whose oxygen supply has been depleted
39
Auto exposure
Vertical spread of fire on the exterior of a multi story building
40
Four types of forces
Compression Tension Torsion Share
41
Impact loads
Loads delivered quickly | Terrorism
42
Static load
Applied slowly and remain constant
43
Four stages of a fire
Incipient Free burning Flashover Smoldering/decay
44
Three methods of heat transfer
Conduction convection Radiation
45
Elements of a compartment for
``` Fire plume Smoke Heated gases Ceiling layer Neutral plane ```
46
Backdraft
Burning of heated gaseous products one option is introduced into an environment is oxygen supply has been depleted
47
Visual indicators of collapse
``` Cracks in walls Leaving walls Pitched or sagging floors Racked doorways Presence of building stabilization and bracing features ```
48
Audible and physical indicators of collapse
``` Moaning/groaning sounds cracking noises Any type of building movement Smoke pushing through cracks in the wall Vibrations ```
49
Types of collapse
Global collapse Partial collapse Progressive collapse Secondary collapse
50
Fire stopping and draft stopping
Fire stops typically limit vertical movement | Draft stops limit horizontal movement
51
Heavy timber
Buildings constructed with noncombustible or limited combustible exterior walls and floors made of large dimension combustible materials
52
Mill
Earliest form of heavy timber construction; a type a factory that emerged during the industrial revolution
53
Ordinary construction
Exterior walls are noncombustible or limited combustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of combustible materials
54
Header or bond course
Bricks laid so end is visible
55
Strecher course
Bricks laid of the long side is visible
56
Wythe ( masonry)
Vertical section of a wall one brick masonry unit thick
57
Fire characteristics of steel
Substantial elongation at 1000°F Above 1300°F, steel members may fail Cold Drawn steel will fail at about 800°F Steel transmits heat readily
58
Noncombustible construction
Maximum height is 12 stories | Fire resistive construction can have unlimited height

Building construction (1 decks)

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