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Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F - Burgundy focuses on the soil and
vineyard, rather than the estate as the source of its
quality.

A

True

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2
Q

What did the Napoleonic Code (1804) do to land in Burgundy?

A

Divided all land equally between male heirs. Land was fractured again and again through the generations

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3
Q

Major Burgundy grapes (2 red, 2 white)

A

Red - Pinot Noir, Gamay
White - Chardonnay, Aligoté

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4
Q

Minor Burgundy grapes (2 white, 3 virtually extinct reds)

A

White - Pinot Blanc, Beurot (Pinot Gris)
Red - César, Tressot, and Sacy

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5
Q

Burgundy winemaking styles

A

dry red, dry white, rose, dry to semi-dry sparkling whites and roses, dry sparkling red

sweet wined rarely, do not fall under an AOP

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6
Q

Burgundy location

A

central/eastern France

northwest of the Alps and 175 miles from Paris

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7
Q

Major Burgundy rivers or bodies of water

A

Saône River (a tributary of the Rhône)

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8
Q

Burgundy major regions (5 north to south)

A

Chablis
Côte d’Or
Côte Chalonaise
Mâconnais
Beaujolais

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9
Q

Burgundy generic AOPs and vinification in those AOPs

A

Bourgogne AOP (red, white, and rose)

Cremant de Bourgogne (traditional method sparkling)

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10
Q

Burgundy climate

A

Continental with dry, warm summers, and cold, dry winters

Rains come in Spring and Fall with frost being an issue in both seasons

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11
Q

Burgundy general soil types (4) and landscape/aspect

A

Chalk, calcareous clay, marl, limestone

Rolling hills, best vineyards on east/southeast hillsides
Best chardonnay grows in limestone in Chablis

Beaujolais: granite

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12
Q

About how many years of Burgundy winemaking history?

A

2,000 years

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13
Q

Benedictine Order in Cluny, Burgundy, promoted winemaking in what centuries?

A

10th and 11th centuries

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14
Q

Who continued purchasing land and making wine in the 12th century?

A

Cistercians

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15
Q

1363-1477: what did the Valois dukes including Philippe the Bold order creating an industry out of wine?

A

ordered all Gamay ripped up in preference to Pinot Noir

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16
Q

1790s: what happened to land owned by the clergy and noblemen after the French Revolution?

A

the land was auctioned off

this started private ownership of vineyards in Burgundy

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17
Q

18th Century: the rise of the __________ to handle the making and marketing of wines.

A

Negociants

Either because families held too little land to be profitable or because they had other
careers within the community. They controlled much of Burgundy until the 1920s after
WWI.

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18
Q

Métayage definition

A

sharecropping

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19
Q

Fermage definition

A

leasing

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20
Q

Clos definition

A

plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls

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21
Q

Monopole definition

A

parcel of land with single ownership

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22
Q

Who created the first classification of Burgundy’s vineyards?

A

Dr. Jules Lavalle

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23
Q

What is a Domaine and when did they begin bottling in earnest?

A

Private owners, 1920s

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24
Q

Burgundy classification tiers from highest to lowest (4) and about how many wineries in each %

A

Grand Cru (33-40, about 2%)

Primer Cru (550-600, about 12%)

Village (30%)

Regional appellations (56% or rest of the total production)

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25
What are Burgundian wines traditionally aged in?
228 liter French oak Red wines usually see more new barrel use Whites typically use neutral oak
26
Average new oak % per Burgundy classification (high to low)
Grand Cru: 50-100% new oak Each one is a single vineyard with its own AOP and restrictions Label the bottle with only the vineyard name, not a village Primer Cru: 30-50% new oak Both village and vineyard names will be on the label Different primer crus can be blended and called a primer cru, but no vineyard name on the label Village: neutral to 20-30% new oak
27
Malolactic fermentation for reds and whites?
All reds Most whites
28
How many months in oak? red and white top wines
White: 12-15 months Red: 15-18 months
29
What are two ways producers can control tannin levels?
Whole cluster fermentation for more tannin Destem grapes for less
30
Bâtonnage definition
stirring the lees back into the wine
31
What happens if two grand crus are blended?
Either claim one of the grand crus designations or declassify to any level below If a grand cru and primer cru are blended, it will be declassified to a basic primer cru label
32
Major Burgundy villages/cities/boundaries from north to south (6)
Dijon Nuits-St.-Georges Beaune Châlon-sur Sâone Mâcon Lyon
33
Chablis location
Northernmost region in Burgundy 80 miles north of Cote d'Or
34
Chablis climate
Cool continental Susceptible to late frosts
35
Chablis soil
Kimmeridgian clay and limestone
36
Chablis grape varieties (1) and what kind of flavors
100% chardonnay Crisp, minerally flavors
37
Chablis viticultural climate risks
Late frosts, weather can get to freezing
38
Chablis vinification
No oak on lower tier wines, occasional use on upper tier Malolactic fermentation
39
Why does Chablis practice malolactic fermentation?
To reduce the high acidity produced by cool climate
40
Chablis AOP hierarchy (4)
Chablis AOP Petit Chablis AOP Chablis Premier Cru AOP Chablis Grand Cru AOP
41
Chablis Premier Cru number of individual vineyards
40
42
Chablis Premier Cru popular vineyards (6)
Montée de Tonnerre Fourchaume Butteaux Fôrets Montmains Vaillons
43
What is a lieu-dit?
Specific vineyard with a name or “location”
44
Chablis Grand Cru lieu-dits (7)
Blanchot Bourgros Grenouilles Les Clos Preuses Valmur Vaudesir
45
Chablis Grand Cru lieu-dits aspect
Southwest
46
Common Chablis flavor descriptor
gunflint
47
Cote d'Or length (north to south)
26 km
48
Cote d'Or best vineyard aspect
east / southeast
49
Cote d'Or vinification (oak, lees aging, ML, whole cluster fermentation?)
oak usage lees aging and stirring malolactic fermentation whole cluster fermentation
50
Cote d'Or sub regions (2)
Côte de Nuits and Cote de Beaune
51
Côte de Nuits topography
hillsides and ridges
52
Côte de Nuits climate
continental
53
Côte de Nuits grapes (1 major, 1 minor)
pinot noir 80% world class 20% chardonnay or rose
54
Côte de Nuits soil
marl and limestone
55
Côte de Nuits vinification
French oak, often new Some use of whole grape clusters, some de stem
56
Côte de Nuits AOP hierarchy (5)
Regional AOP Côte de Nuits Villages AOP Village AOP Premier Cru AOP Grand Cru AOP
57
Côte de Nuits Villages (9 AOPs)
Marsannay Fixin Gevrey-Chambertin Morey-St. Denis Chambolle-Musigny Vougeot Vosne-Romanée Flagey-Echezeaux Nuits-Saint-Georges
58
How many Premier Crus are there in Côte de Nuits?
130+
59
Most important Premier Crus of Côte de Nuits (5-10)
???
60
How many of the 33 Grand Crus of Burgundy are located in Côte de Nuits? How many of those produce red and how many white?
24 of the 33 23 produce red, only 1 white
61
Gevrey-Chambertin Grand Crus (8 name as many)
Le Chambertin Clos de Beze Chappelle Charmes Griotte Latricieres Mazis Ruchottes
62
Morey St. Denis Grand Crus (5 name as many)
Clos de Tart Clos de la Roche Clos des Lambrays Clos St. Denis Bonnes-Mares (shared)
63
Chambolle-Musigny Grand Crus (2)
Bonnes-Mares (shared) Le Musigny
64
Vougeot Grand Cru (1)
Clos de Vougeot
65
Vosne-Romanee Grand Crus (6 name as many)
La Tache La Romanee Romanee Conti Romanee St. Vivant Richebourg La Grand Rue
66
Flagey-Echezeaux Grand Crus (2)
Echezeaux Grands Echezeaux
67
What is the only white Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits?
Chambolle-Musigny
68
Côte de Beaune climate
Continental Wide range of mesoclimates
69
Côte de Beaune soil (2 main types)
Limestone and marl
70
Côte de Beaune grapes (2)
Chardonnay (mainly) and some pinot noir
71
Côte de Beaune vinification
new oak used for reds and whites
72
Côte de Beaune AOP hierarchy (4)
Regional AOP - Bourgogne AOP Village AOP Premier Cru AOP Grand Cru AOP
73
Côte de Beaune major villages (7)
Aloxe-Corton Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet
74
Côte de Beaune total villages (20) do we need to know all?
Aloxe Corton Auxey-Duresses Beaune Blagny Chassagne-Montrachet Chorey-le-Beaune Cote de Beaune Cote de Beaune Villages Ladoix Maranges Meursault Monthelie Pernand-Vergelesses Pommard Puligny-Montrachet Saint Aubin Saint-Romain Santenay Savigny-les-Beaune Volnay
75
Most important Premier Crus of Côte de Beaune (5-10)
??? hundreds in Côte de Beaune
76
Côte de Beaune Grand Cru AOPs (8)
Corton Corton Charlemagne Charlemagne Le Montrachet Chevalier Montrachet Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet Criots-Batard Montrachet Batard-Montrachet
77
Côte de Beaune red only villages (3) and white only villages (1)
Pommard Volnay Blagny Aloxe Corton almost exclusively red wine, rarely white White only: Puligny-Montrachet All other villages produce red and white
78
Hautes-Cote de Nuits and Hautes-Cote de Beaune vinification, location, and elevation
Lighter white, red, and rose wine Located to the west of the Cote d’Or Higher altitude
79
Côte Chalonnaise location and geography
South of Cote d'Or No protective hillsides
80
Côte Chalonnaise climate
Continental
81
Côte Chalonnaise soil
limestone
82
Côte Chalonnaise grapes (3)
Chardonnay, aligote (small volume), and pinot noir
83
Côte Chalonnaise oak usage?
little to no oak for whites and reds
84
Côte Chalonnaise AOPs from north to south (5)
Bouzeron AOP Rully AOP Mercurey AOP Givrey AOP Montagny AOP
85
Bouzeron AOP vinification
white wine only, 100% aligote
86
Rully AOP vinification
chardonnay, pinot noir, and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bourgogne)
87
Mercurey AOP vinification
chardonnay and pinot noir
88
Givrey AOP vinification
chardonnay and pinot noir
89
Montagny AOP vinification
white wine only, chardonnay
90
Maconnais climate
Continental, slightly warmer and drier than the rest of Burgundy
91
Maconnais topography
Large area with low-lying hills and flat farmland
92
Maconnais grapes (3)
Chardonnay (mainly), pinot noir, and gamay
93
Maconnais vinification (oak use and ML?)
Mainly unoaked white Some oak use in Pouilly-Fuisse No malolactic fermentation
94
Maconnais AOPs (6)
Mâcon Viré-Clessé Pouilly-Fuissé Pouilly-Loché Pouilly-Vinzelles Saint-Véran
95
What Maconnais AOP is the only one that allows red, white, and rose production?
Mâcon AOP
96
Beaujolais location
South of and slightly overlapping Macconais
97
Beaujolais climate
Semi-continental
98
Beaujolais grapes (2)
Gamayu (mainly), small amounts of chardonnay
99
Beaujolais soils
Completely different from the rest of Burgundy Schist and granite in the north (best sites, great for Gamay) Sandstone and clay in the south
100
Beaujolais viticulture
Hillside vineyards with low yields in the north Flatter plains in the south
101
Beaujolais vinification
Carbonic maceration in stainless steel Neutral oak
102
What is carbonic maceration?
Tank is filled with whole berries under CO2, oxygen free environment Intracellular fermentation, grapes ferment from the inside Unique fruity flavors are produced (bubble gum, banana, cinnamon), tannins soften, and color deepens
103
What is semi-carbonic maceration?
Whole clusters at the bottom of the thank are crushed, producing CO2 (CO2 is not added) for the grapes on top to ferment intracellularly
104
Beaujolais AOP hierarchy (4)
Beaujolais AOP Beaujolais Nouveau Beaujolais-Villages AOP Beaujolais Cru
105
What is the only AOP to allow red, white, and rose production?
Beaujolais AOP
106
Beaujolais Grand Cru villages (10 AOPs)
Brouily Cote de Brouilly Chenas Chiroubles Fleurie Julienas Morgon Moulin a Vent Regnie St. Amour
107
What is the difference between quality status in Burgundy vs. Bordeaux?
Burgundy - based on vineyard site Bordeaux - status awarded to individual producer
108
Burgundy Premier Cru label
Village Vineyard Premier Cru
109
Burgundy Grand Cru label
Vineyard Grand Cru
110
Best known fine wine in Maconnais
Pouilly-Fuisse
111
Primary grape in the Grand Cru of the Cote de Nuits
pinot noir
112
Primary grape in the Grand Cru of Cote de Beaune
chardonnay
113
How many Grand Cru in Mersault
0
114
Which is the largest of all Grand Cru in Burgundy?
Corton
115
What are the 2 sparkling wine AOP’s in Burgundy?
Cremant de Bourgogne Bourgogne Mousseux AOC
116
What is the largest village appellation in the Cote d’Or?
Gevrey-Chambertin

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