BURGUNDY

Question 1

What are the 7 wine regions of France?

Answer 1

Champagne
Chablis
Alsace
Loire Valley
Burgundy
Bordeaux
Rhone Valley

Question 2

Burgundy is comprised of what 5 sections?

Answer 2

1. Chablis
2. Cote d’Or (Nuits & Beaune)
3. Cote Chalonnaise
4. Maconnaise
5. Beaujolais

Question 3

Soil types commonly found in Burgundy? Beaujolais?

Answer 3

• Burgundy — chalk, calcareous clay, marl, and limestone
• Beaujolais — granite

Question 4

What 4 grape variates are found in Burgundy?

Answer 4

• White
  – Chardonnay (the main variety)
  – Aligoté (small plots)
• Red
  – Pinot Noir (the main variety)
  – Gamay (grown primarily in Beaujolais)

2 normal, 2 weird. one from each category

Question 5

What are the 4 categories in the french AOP pyramid?

Answer 5

1. Grand cru
2. Premier Cru
3. Village Wines
4. Regional Appellations

Question 6

What is a Clos?

Answer 6

A clos designates a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded with drystone walls

Clos Vougeot, a Grand Cru vineyard next to the tiny village of
Vougeot, is the most famous example.

Question 7

What are the 4 AOP’S for Chablis?

Answer 7

1. Chablis AOP
2. Petit Chablis AOP
3. Chablis Premier Cru AOP (only 40 vineyards)
4. Chablis Grand Cru AOP (only 7 vineyards)
   – Most have a south/southwest exposure to maximize sunshine
   – Les Clos is a top example

Question 8

Identify the following AOP’s in Burgundy

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

B-L-VV-L-G

Question 10

The French word ______ refers to a hillside or slope

Answer 10

côte

The villages and vineyards of the Côte d’Or hug the hillsides. One of the primary
aspects of terroir in this region is the location of the vineyard on the slopes.

Question 11

Cote D’Or is comprised of which two larger subsets?

Answer 11

1. Côte de Nuits to the north
2. Côte de Beaune to the south.

Question 12

Cote de Nuits breakdown

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the 9 Major Village AOP’s in Cote de Nuits?

Answer 13

– Marsannay
– Fixin
– Gevrey-Chambertin
– Morey-St. Denis
– Chambolle-Musigny
– Vougeot
– Vosne-Romanée
– Flagey-Echézeaux
– Nuits-Saint-Georges

Question 14

What is the Appellation Hierarchy for Cote de Nuits region? (6)

Answer 14

1. Bourgogne AOP
2. Bourgogne Cote d’Or AOP
3. Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP
4. Village AOP (9 major villages)
5. Premier or 1er Cru AOP (specific vineyards 130 in Nuits)
6. Grand Cru AOP (24/33 in Burgundy are located here)

Note: As this goes 1-6, things get more and more specific to a place.

Question 15

Côte de Beaune overview

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the 7 best known Village AOP’s in Cote de Beaune

Answer 16

AC-B-P-V-M-PM-CM

Question 17

Marsannay AOP Style
Red Wines:
Rosé:

Answer 17

Marsannay AOP

Red Wines: Fresh and approachable, with bright red fruit flavors (cherry, raspberry, cranberry), moderate tannins, and a slight earthiness. Typically lighter in style than other Côte de Nuits wines.

Rosé: The only village in the Côte de Nuits to produce significant rosé, offering fresh red berry flavors and vibrant acidity.

red: fresh and bright, cherries, raspberry and cranberry. Med tannin, some earthiness but a typically light style than other nuits.

Question 18

Fixin AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 18

Fixin AOP

*Red Wines: *Rustic and robust in their youth, with earthy notes, black cherry, and sometimes hints of forest floor or mushrooms. These wines tend to soften and develop finesse with age, revealing more complexity.

red: Rustic, robust, earth forward with black cherries and forest floor/shroom thing. Soften over time but bold up front

Question 19

Gevrey-Chambertin AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 19

Gevrey-Chambertin AOP

*Red Wines: *Bold, structured wines with concentrated black fruit (blackberry, black cherry), earthy undertones (truffle, underbrush), and firm tannins. Often exhibit animalistic or gamey notes with age. Premier Cru and Grand Cru wines like Chambertin and Clos de Bèze are exceptionally powerful, elegant, and long-lived.

Big, Bold and structured, feature darker fruits with earthy undertones. Firm tannins, with a bit of animal/gamey notes when aged.
Note: seeing that earthiness is increasing as we go down from Marsannay - fixin - to gevery

Question 20

Morey-Saint-Denis AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 20

Morey-Saint-Denis AOP

Red Wines: A balance between the power of Gevrey-Chambertin and the elegance of Chambolle-Musigny. Red and dark fruits (cherry, plum) with floral aromas and a hint of spice or minerality. The Grand Crus (e.g., Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays) exhibit exceptional depth and complexity.

Powerful but elegant, both red and dark fruits, with added floral notes, some spice and minerality exist. (you get more of the limestone popping out in this AOP = precision and acidity)

Question 21

Chambolle-Musigny AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 21

Chambolle-Musigny AOP

Red Wines: Renowned for their elegance, finesse, and silky texture. Predominantly red fruit (strawberry, raspberry) with floral notes (rose, violet) and subtle minerality. The Grand Cru Musigny produces some of the most delicate and ethereal wines in Burgundy.**

Elegant, finesse, silky: lighter red fruits with more floral notes than MSD, minerality takes a step down here from MSD.

Question 22

Vougeot AOP Style
Red Wines:
White Wines:

Answer 22

Vougeot AOP

Red Wines: Home to the iconic Clos Vougeot Grand Cru, which can range in style depending on the producer. Typically shows earthy, structured characteristics with black fruits, firm tannins, and a long aging potential. Slightly less refined compared to neighboring Grand Crus.

White Wines: Rare, but those produced are rich and full-bodied with stone fruit, floral, and nutty notes.

Can vary: earthy, structured with black fruits, firm tannin and huge aging potential. Can tend to be a bit less trustable than other grand cru (B.E.A.T: black fruit.earth.aging potential. tannin)

Question 23

Vosne-Romanée AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 23

Vosne-Romanée AOP

Red Wines: Widely regarded as the pinnacle of Burgundy, these wines are complex, sensual, and harmonious. Flavors include ripe red and black fruits (cherry, blackberry), exotic spices (cinnamon, clove), and a silky texture with a long finish. Iconic Grand Crus include Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, and Richebourg, Echezeaux, Grands Echezeaux

Tends to be the pinacle of burgundy, complex and sensual, the flavors are harmonious. Ripe red and black fruits (cherry, blackberry), exotic spices (clove, cinnamon) silky texture + long finish. pleasant acidity and undertones of toast, tobacco, and vanilla

Question 24

Nuits-Saint-Georges AOP Style
Red Wines:

Answer 24

Nuits-Saint-Georges AOP

Red Wines: Structured and bold, with darker fruit profiles (blackcurrant, black cherry), earthy and spicy notes (licorice, clove), and firm tannins. Wines from the northern part of the appellation are softer and more elegant, while those from the south are more muscular and robust.

Structure, Bold, Dark fruits, earthy and spice notes (licorice, clove) with firm tannin. Northern styles: softer, Southern: more Muscular and robust

Question 25

Short compare and contrast of the Cote de nuit AOP's

Answer 25

1. Marsannay and Fixin are almost opposites (bright and vibrant red fruits compared to bold tannins and darker fruits, a hint of spice on the back end these need time to age in bottle) 2. Gevery-Chambertin and Chambolle-musigny lay at different ends of the spectrum (Gevery is big and bold, tannic with dark fruits leading the way, anamalie and forest floor are leading components, while Chambolle has finesse, floral notes and is readily approachable, more of a red fruit style) 3. Morey-St. Denis: finds itself rightfully between Gevery and Chambolle: finesse and elegance with the tannic structure that aligns more with Gevery, but long finishes and a mix of red and black fruits. 4. Vouges: tends to be hit or miss, a bit of its own deal. Black fruits, earthy like Gevery with big aging potential and tannic structure for days. 5. Vosne-Romanee: the tip of the spear for burgundy wines: finesse, elegence, with excellent finish and a balanced ripe feel. Some of the most exculsive reds within burgundy. 6. Nuit St. George: the northern ones tend to be a bit softer, while the southern ones age better due to stronger tannic structure. You still get cloves, but now Licorice is a leading profile.

Question 26

Ladoix AOP Styles White Wines: Red Wines:

Answer 26

Ladoix AOP White Wines: Fresh, with vibrant acidity and citrus notes, complemented by minerality and floral nuances, Golden color, plum, ripe apple, fig, spiced pear. Lively but firm. Mellow out with time Red Wines: Elegant, with red cherry, raspberry, and earthy tones, often lighter in structure compared to other Côte de Beaune reds. nose: strawberry, cherry jam, coffee and cocoa.rounded red wine ## Footnote white: Vibrant, Citrus, Mineral and floral (VCMF) red: Red fruits, Elegant, Earthy, Light (REEL)

Question 27

Aloxe-Corton Styles Red Wines:

Answer 27

Aloxe-Corton Red Wines: Dark color, crimson-garnet, small red fruits (rasp, strawb) + black fruits (blk currant and blk berry), Peony and jasmine florals, brandied fruits, leather, truffle, mushroom and cinnamon. Full bodied but refined, tender and fruity. 3-5 yrs in cellar is peach. Pleasant tannins ## Footnote Red/Black fruits, Jasmine and Peony, Brandied fruit with earthy leather, mushroom and cinnamon. Full but refined. R/B. J/P. FT

Question 28

Beaune AOP Styles Red:

Answer 28

Beaune AOP Styles Red: this wine has a striking and vivid colour - a luminous scarlet, introducing aromas of black fruits (blackcurrant, blackberry) and red (cherry, gooseberry), as well as humus and underbrush. When older, it is redolent of truffle, leather, and spices. In youth, it charms the palate with the taste of crunchy fresh grape. Firm, upright and full of juice, it evolves with time, revealing a solid and absolutely convincing structure. White: this wine boasts a silky gold colour, flecked with green. It has a bouquet of almond, dried fruits, bracken, and white flowers. It may be enjoyed either young “on the fruit” or later for its mouth-filling mellowness. | Small differences appear, depending on the exact location. Wines from th ## Footnote Red: Black/Red fruit aromas, underbrush, young: fresh grape, firm and uptight evolves as it ages. Convincing structure White: Almond, dried fruits and white flower aroma, mellow as it ages

Question 29

Pommard AOP Style Red:

Answer 29

Pommard AOP Red: Beware of preconceived notions! The fame of Pommard in the 19th century earned it the image of a wine that is both forceful and virile. In reality, time, terroir and methods of vinification have all combined to create a more subtle reality, a wine that is both richer and more sensitive. Its colour is the deep, dark red with mauve highlights which caused Victor Hugo to speak of it as “night in combat with day”. Its aromas are redolent of blackberry, bilberry, or gooseberry, cherry pit and ripe plum. Often, wild and feline notes develop with age. At full maturity, it tends towards leather, chocolate and pepper. It needs to be given time to open up to its fullest extent and to display its mouth-filling texture, its firm but delicate structure, its fruit-filled mouth, and its chewy tannins, which by then will be properly smoothed down. A “rich” wine ? Certainly. ## Footnote Deep color: blackberry and gooseberry aromas, ripe plum, anamalie notes, leather and chocolate at full maturity Chewey tannin

Question 30

# Cote Chalonnaise Overview

Answer 30

Question 31

# Cote Chalonnaise AOP's

Answer 31

## Footnote BR-MGM (maire-cuhr-ray)

Question 32

Are there any Grand Cru's in Cote Chalonnais?

Answer 32

1. No there are many premier cru but not a single grand cru

Question 33

Are Cote Chalonnais more value wines compared to Cote d'Or AOP's?

Answer 33

1. Yes, less expensive with excellent value.

Question 34

# Grapes produced by each Village in Cote Challonaise

Answer 34

Question 35

Compare and contrast: Ladoix, Aloxe-corton, Beaune and Pommard

Answer 35

1. Ladoix (light ladoix) easy going citrus, minerality forward whites with floral notes (appears to be the theme of Cote de beaune) the reds follow this lighter theme, soft red fruits, elegant and easy going (reminds me or marsannay) 2. Aloxe-Corton takes a deeper dive into rich feel, Brandied cherry darker wine, earthy/mushroom feel but still floral Peony and Jasmine are key notes here. Tannin is stronger 3. Beaune (bone to pick style) more up tight reds, these need time to rest a bit. Toasted almond feel, big and bold tannin structure higher acidity. Mouthwatering for sure. The whites stay on theme with floral feel 4. Pommard: (P for plum, D for depth) Rich style of red wines here, darker fruits with more tannic structure with age these lean towards chocolate and pepper.

Question 36

What is the soil type in Pommard?

Answer 36

1. Clay and iron: gives a more rustic and muscular structure the wine ends up bold and structured

Question 37

What is the soil type in Gevery-Chambertin?

Answer 37

1. Limestone and clay: polished and layered wine results more aromatic complexity

Question 38

Beaune wine is focused on what?

Answer 38

1. accesability in youth, fruit-forward. Refinement without overwhelming power

Question 39

Pommard wine is focused on what?

Answer 39

1. Rugged, firmer tannin with dark fruit. Emphasis on leather and tobacco and even game. Less focused on floral notes.

Question 40

Explain the soil type in Volnay

Answer 40

1. Foothills are gravely 2. Reddish Bathonien limestone next 3. Lower slope: white, chalky argovien limetone 4. Top slop: limestone predominates ## Footnote so essentially, gravely and coarse into full on limestone.

Question 41

What style is Volnay known for?

Answer 41

1. "feminine" (light/graceful) silky textures 2. Floral notes and lighter style in general (red fruits)

Question 42

Does Volnay age well?

Answer 42

1. Does not have the tannic structure to hold up for a very long time like gevery chambertin. 2. Softer, more delicate tannins. Silky mouthfeel

Question 43

Why is Volnay good in youth?

Answer 43

1. Softer tannic structure, elegance and finesse lend it to being better enjoyed young

Question 44

Chassagne-Montrachet: A balance between the richness of _______ and the precision of _______.

Answer 44

Chassagna-Montrachet: A balance between the richness of Meursault and the precision of Puligny. ## Footnote boldness: mersault (m:milky "creamy texture") --- chassagna --- puliginy (p: precision)

Question 45

Overall style for Mersault?

Answer 45

1. Rich and full bodied (opulent) 2. creamy textures with buttery character and balanced acidity 3. Nuttiness (hazelnut and almond) 4. subtle flint ## Footnote clay rich soils lend their hands to mersault having a bit more body, these tend to age the best of burgundian white.

Question 46

What flavors are associated with Mersault, Chassagne, Puliginy

Answer 46

1. Meursault: Baked apple, pear, peach and apricot, butter, hazelnut and honey some flint 2. Puliginy: citrus, green apple, white flowers, chalky minerality, pure fruit expression (restrained) 3. Chassagne: Peach, apricot, some pineapple, mineral backbone, white pepper and tarragon (herbal tones) ## Footnote precise: puliginy. Chassagne: (ss: stone fruits, peach and apricot) Meursault: s: stonefruit, would you like unsaulted or saulted butter?

Question 47

Answer 47

Question 48

Montagny wines excel at what?

Answer 48

1. Bright and lively character. 2. Vibrant acidity and crisp, clean profile 3. Mineral driven

Question 49

Soil type for Montagny?

Answer 49

1. Limestone is predominate

Question 50

Montagny white flavor profile?

Answer 50

1. Fresh citrus (lemon, grapefruit and green apple) 2. White flowers 3. Flinty, Chalky minerality 4. Less pronounced than mersault: but honey and almond ## Footnote Zippy wine, pure and fresh

Question 51

Are Montagny white and Bouzeron wines similar?

Answer 51

1. Yes, both feature bright citrus, and floral notes

Question 52

What sets Bouzeron white apart from Montagny

Answer 52

1.Bouzeron has more of a tangy profile, higher acidity and a lean profile 2.100% Aligote 3. Minerality and chalky texture ## Footnote Less opulant than chardonnay: great for oysters and seafood.

Question 53

What fruit characteristics seperate Rully white from Bouzeron and Montagny?

Answer 53

1. A shift away from citrus fruits to orchard fruits (pear, peach) ## Footnote Richer than montagny but less so than Cote de beaune whites.

Question 54

Who are Rully white wines best suited for?

Answer 54

1. Approachability for guests: rounded wine great with food, moderate acidity and a smooth rounded finish.

Question 55

Rully soil type?

Answer 55

1. Limestone with a clay retaining base.

Question 56

1. Rully comes from the latin word "Rutilus" which means what?

Answer 56

1. Reddish: color of the soils in this region.

Question 57

Bouzeron Soil type?

Answer 57

1. Clay, limestone and Marl 2. Warm/Dry summers, cool winters

Question 58

Givry white combines the flavor profiles of which AOP's?

Answer 58

1. Montagny 2. Bouzeron 3. Rully ## Footnote Citrus (lemon, lime) but also orchard/stone fruits too (peach, pear)

Question 59

Givry white wines are best suited for who?

Answer 59

1. Guests looking for: fruit-forward wine with good energy. Fuller textures than montagny medium bodied. ## Footnote lively and fruit driven, touch of elegance

Question 60

# Cote Challonaise Whites

Answer 60

Question 61

Comparing Cote Challonaise AOP's

Answer 61

Montagny: Best for fresh, mineral-driven whites with vibrant acidity. Bouzeron: A unique Aligoté-based option with zippy citrus and herbal notes. Rully: Balanced and approachable, offering an easy-drinking style with good fruit. Givry: Slightly richer, fruitier, and more textured than Montagny or Rully. Mercurey: Fuller and more structured, offering a weightier style akin to Côte de Beaune whites.

Question 62

Which three AOP's in Challonaise actually produce red wine?

Answer 62

1. Rully 2. Givry 3. Mercurey

Question 63

Rully red are known for what style?

Answer 63

1. Light and approachable 2. Round feel with red fruits 3. Subtle earthiness and minerality with floral notes ## Footnote A great introduction to Côte Chalonnaise reds—easy to drink and versatile. pinot noir Rully: R=round, L = light and Y = earthY

Question 64

Givry reds are known for what style?

Answer 64

1. medium and firmer tannins 2. mix of light reds and black fruits 3. earthiness is more pronounced than rully and some spice is added in ## Footnote Fans of reds with good structure and energy, but not overly heavy.

Question 65

Mercurey reds are known for what style?

Answer 65

1. fuller bodied and firm tannins stay 2. dark red and black fruits 3. earthiest and spiciest of the two other challonaise producing regions + smokey feel ## Footnote highest producing red region of challonais, most complex reds in the region

Question 66

Mercury white is known for what style?

Answer 66

1. Richer style than Montagny or Rully. But less opulant than styles in Cote de Beaune 2. Orchard + Citrus fruits, toasty, some spice if aged. (vanilla, clove) 3. Medium-full bodied, refreshing acid ## Footnote M&U: Medium-FUll body mercurey

Question 67

Answer 67

Question 68

# Maconnais Wine regions AOP's Map

Answer 68

Question 69

# Maconnais wine region Appellation Hierarchy

Answer 69

Question 70

Of the 3 appellations in Maconnaise, which at the high end uses oaking?

Answer 70

1. Pouilly-Fuisse 2. Saint Veran, seldom 3. Macon, not at all

Question 71

Which of the 3 appellations in Maconnais makes ONLY white wine?

Answer 71

1. Saint Veran

Question 72

# Soil types for Maconnais villages (AOP's)

Answer 72

Question 73

Pouilly Fuisse soil type affects the white wine in what way?

Answer 73

1. Limestone: Mineral-driven, elegant and complex wine ## Footnote Reminds me of pouilly-fume

Question 74

Saint-Veran soil type affects the white wine in what way?

Answer 74

1. Clay-Limestone mix: lighter mineral note. Fresh, lively and mineral notes.

Question 75

Macon-Villages soil type affects the white wine in what way?

Answer 75

1. Clay-sandy-limestone mix: Fruit forward, approachable wine ## Footnote compare to: Givry in Chalonnais or potentially Rully styles too.

Question 76

# What are the three regional appellations in Beajolais?

Answer 76

Question 76

# Beaujolais Oveview

Answer 76

Question 77

Beaujolais best wines come from which AOP?

Answer 77

1.Beaujolais Cru's

Question 78

How many villages are within the Beaujolais Cru's?

Answer 78

1. 10 named villages, red wine only made here

Question 79

# Beaujolais cru's: 10 villages

Answer 79

Question 80

What are the two beaujolais cru's that i worked with at cocody? Compare them

Answer 80

1. Moulin-a-vent: bold tannic style with rich depth often compared to burgundy. (violets, spice and earthy undertones) 2. Morgon: fruit forward, approachable and moderate acidity. Simple feeling pinot of sorts. Jammy (dark red fruit, earthy tones, hint of spice) ## Footnote both have aging potential, morgon less so.

Question 81

Compare Brouilly to Cote de Brouilly

Answer 81

1. Brouilly: lightest style of the cru's (light red fruits floral notes and hints of stone and earth) 2.Cote de Brouilly: more structure and elegance than brouilly, darker fruit character, firmer tannin and lively acidity. ## Footnote cote de brouilly: age potential and elegance with darker fruits Brouilly: nice light red wine, nothing crazy but still well balanced due to soil compositions.

Question 82

Beaujolais in the north (cru's) have a lot of rock that comes from volcanic activity, what is it?

Answer 82

1. Magma from volcanos, cools and becomes granite.

Question 83

# Regional appellations and styles: Beaujolais

Answer 83

Question 84

How did Napoléon’s Code of Inheritance affect the vineyards of Burgundy? (1804)

Answer 84

1. Emphasized property rights, split vineyards up in the process of inheretance.

Question 85

Define Negociant

Answer 85

A négociant is a wine merchant or company that buys grapes, must (unfermented juice), or finished wine from multiple growers and producers to bottle and sell under their own label.

Question 86

define monopole

Answer 86

A monopole is a French wine-growing region that is entirely controlled by one winery. ## Footnote Famous Monopoles include La Romanée-Conti, La Tâche (both owned by Domaine de la Romanée Conti) and La Grand Rue (Francois LaMarche) in Vosne-Romanée, Clos de Tart (owned by Francois Pinot of Latour since 2017) in Morey-Saint-Denis, and, Clos des Ruchottes (Armand Rousseau) in Gevrey-Chambertin.

Question 88

Styles in cote de nuit can range from what to what?

Answer 88

1. Known for reds, these show earthy notes, truffle and spice. Some have floral notes and others have bold and rich tannin, others are bright and light with silky texture. Bolder: gevery-chambertin, fixin, vougeot, nuit-st george. Medium: vosne-romanee, morey Saint Denis, Chambolle-musigny Light: marsannay