Burgundy

Question 1

What is Lieu-dit?

Answer 1

A named vineyard or parcel of land within a larger appellation - Not an official classification. Lieu-dit is often associated with specific terroir features of the land. Ex: Village-level -Les Narvaux (Burgundy). In summary, lieu-dit highlights unique character, within broader appellation - to offer insight into terroir.

Question 2

What is Climat:

Answer 2

Named vineyard defiined by climatological and geographical characteristics- in other words, terroir.

Question 3

Negociant

Answer 3

Merchant - buys whole grapes or unfermented juice to make wine. Also, negociant buys finished wine, bottles it or improves it. (famous ex - Louis Jadot)

Question 4

What are the levels of quality for Burgundy wines?

Answer 4

Bottom to top:
1. Regional - 53% all produced (Bourgogne)
2.Communal - no premier cru climat -30%
Village or Commune
3.Communal - Premier Cru climat - 15%
3.Grand Cru - 2%

Question 5

Chablis facts and soil

Answer 5

1. Most northern of burgundy
2. Kimmeridgian soil responsible for quality
3. Oaked
4. Very recently, starting to use malolactic fermentation

Question 6

What is special about where on the vineyard Grand Cru Chablis grows

Answer 6

Grand Cru vineyards all on one south-west facing hill.

Question 7

What are Chablis quality levels called

Answer 7

Petit Chablis - green apple
Chablis - better but lean - peach (stone)
Premier Cru - better than Chablis but many taste the same - honeyed apple (some have oak so toasty notes)
Grand Cru - (unoaked & amazing). long-lived . With oak - toasty and butterscotch.

Question 8

What ancestral grape is Cote d’ Or?

AKA Cote de Beaune

Answer 8

Pinot Noir

Question 9

What grapes are Cote d’Or best known for?

Answer 9

Chardonnay & Pinot Noir

Question 10

What are the two sub-regions in Cote d’Or?

Answer 10

1. Cote de Nuits + Villages- includes Cote de Nuit outskirts
2. Cote de Beaune + Village (includes …. outskirts
   ** Cote de Nuit - big wines (95% red) and long lived
   Beaune - softer and ready to drink. The Beaune whites more famous

Question 11

How is Beaujolais Nouveau made

Answer 11

Carbonic maceration?

Question 13

What do tertiary aromas in wine indicate?

Answer 13

They are a sign of development of a wine.

For example, leathery notes indicate that a wine is on its journey of development.

Question 14

What is a sign of a wine in development?

Answer 14

A balanced note.

This indicates that the wine is evolving.

Question 15

What should you look for in red wine?

Answer 15

Earth notes.

Question 16

What should you look for in white wine?

Answer 16

Minerality.

Question 17

What is the soil type of the Left Bank in Bordeaux?

Answer 17

Gravel soil.

Question 18

What effect does gravel soil have on wine?

Answer 18

It allows for faster drainage, resulting in drier conditions and deeper roots for water.

Gravelly soil also holds heat, impacting ripening.

Question 19

How are wines from the Left Bank characterized?

Answer 19

They are ‘leaner’ with higher acid levels and more tannins.

Question 20

What soil type is predominant on the Right Bank of Bordeaux?

Answer 20

Clay.

Question 21

How does clay soil affect grape ripening?

Answer 21

It stays cool and allows grapes to ripen slower.

Question 22

Which grape variety is predominant on the Right Bank?

Answer 22

Merlot.

Question 23

Why does Merlot have higher alcohol levels than Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc?

Answer 23

Merlot grapes contain more sugar.

Question 24

What is En Primeur?

Answer 24

A means by which rare wine is sold, involving future market buyers tasting barrel juice and offering to buy future bottles at a present value price.

Question 25

Which Bordeaux regions are noted for great properties and wine but are not classified?

Answer 25

Listrac and Moulis.

Question 26

What is Botrytis?

Answer 26

A grey mold fungus that thins the skin of grapes, concentrating sugars when it affects ripe grapes.

Question 27

What happens if Botrytis grows on immature grapes?

Answer 27

It destroys the grapes, leading to loss for the winemaker.

Question 28

Why is picking grapes affected by Botrytis labor intensive?

Answer 28

Grapes must be hand-picked to separate affected grapes from unaffected ones.

Question 29

What does 'Grand Cru' mean in St. Emilion?

Answer 29

It reflects appellation and must include the word 'Classe' for quality classification.

Question 30

How can you identify Fronsac wines?

Answer 30

They contain a lot of Merlot and have 16% alcohol content.

Question 31

What effect does exposure to oxygen have on wine color?

Answer 31

Wines exposed to oxygen tend to be darker in color.

Question 32

Know your labels

Answer 32

check slides

Question 34

What is the lowest level of wine in Burgundy

Answer 34

Regional or Bourgone - it is Pinot but blending of Gamay is permitted

Question 35

What is the second level of wine in Burgundy

Answer 35

Communal or Villages - a specific village is associated with the wine.

Question 36

What is unique about Climat

Answer 36

It names a vineyard and is called a Premier Cru

Question 37

Is a Lieu-Dit a Grand/Premier Cru?

Answer 37

it is just below a Grand/Premier Cru

Question 37

What is declassification?

Answer 37

if there is a bad vintage of a classified chateau, they will take it down a notch from Premier Cru- it will become a Village wine (can also blend if it is a bad vintage)

Question 38

What is a Negociant Eleveur?

Answer 38

It is a title given to the most prestigious Negociant, such as Drouhin or Jadot

Question 38

Which part of a hillside is best for winemaking?

Answer 38

Mid-slope is best as it gets great sun exposure

Question 39

What is the base of a slope like for growing grapes?

Answer 39

Usually, the base of a slope is wetter and cooler. (2 to 3 degrees)

Question 40

What is the soil (terroir) in Chablis?

Answer 40

Kimmeridgian - limestone, fossils etc. chalky. Some drainage, but it will hold moisture. Higher PH so holds acidity.

Question 41

Is Oak used in making Chablis wine?

Answer 41

Yes - (just not new oak)

Question 42

what grapes are used to make Saint Bris (in Chablis)

Answer 42

Sauvignon Blanc rather than classic grape grown in Burgundy - Chardonnay

Question 43

What grapes (in Cote Chalonnais) region of Burgundy are used to make Bouzeron

Answer 43

Aligote

Question 45

What does the Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) guarantee?

Answer 45

The characteristics of a wine in terms of: * The terroir where the grapes were grown * The way it is made, following certain precise steps * Local savoir-faire, born from traditional methods that have been improved over time * Rigorously checked at every stage of production ## Footnote AOC is a form of certification for wines in France that ensures quality and adherence to traditional methods.

Question 46

What is an additional geographical denomination in wine classification or designation?

Answer 46

Identifies more restricted areas than those specified in the AOC in which they are included. ## Footnote These are not separate AOCs but rather specifications within existing AOCs.

Question 47

How many categories of wines include additional geographical denominations?

Answer 47

Four categories. ## Footnote These categories specify different AOCs and their respective additional geographical denominations.

Question 48

Name one category of wine that includes additional geographical denominations.

Answer 48

Additional geographical denominations within the Bourgogne AOC. ## Footnote There are 13 identified Bourgogne wines.

Question 49

What are Mâcon Village and Mâcon Village wines?

Answer 49

They are additional geographical denominations within the Mâcon AOC. ## Footnote These wines specify a more restricted area within the Mâcon AOC.

Question 50

What are Premier Cru wines?

Answer 50

Wines that have an additional geographical denomination noted in the specification of specific Village appellations. ## Footnote This indicates a higher quality designation within certain appellations.

Question 51

Which Grand Cru appellations have additional geographical denominations?

Answer 51

Chablis Grand Cru and Corton. ## Footnote These are prestigious wine classifications within the French wine system.

Question 52

What are Climats in wine production?

Answer 52

Single plots precisely defined within an appellation Village. ## Footnote These plots are significant for the quality and characteristics of the wine produced.

Question 53

How is the commune’s name represented on a wine bottle from a specific plot?

Answer 53

The commune’s name is followed by the plot where the grapes were grown, such as Chablis Premier Cru Montée de Tonnerre. ## Footnote This labeling provides specific information about the origin of the grapes.

Question 54

True or False: Climats are merely a marketing tool.

Answer 54

False. ## Footnote Climats represent a physical and sensorial reality in wine production.