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Brock - Certified Sommelier > Burgundy > Flashcards

Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main regions of Burgundy, listed from North to South?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Côte de Nuits – the night slope
  3. Côte de Beaune – the slope of Beaune
  4. Côte Chalonnaise – the slope of Chalon
  5. Mâconnais – the region of Mâcon

Technically also:
6. Beaujolais

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2
Q

Describe the basic geography of Chablis.

Location, climate, and soil

A

Chablis is the northernmost part of Burgundy (although it is closer to Champagne in terms of location, climate, and soil). It is 100 miles from the Cote d’Or and 20 miles from Champagne, centered around the river Serein.

The climate is continental, with harsh, cold winters, frosty springs and falls, and hot summers.

The soil is predominantly kimmeridgian clay marl, much like Champagne.

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3
Q

What kind of wine is made in Chablis?

A

White, with 100% Chardonnay grapes.

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4
Q

How many appelations are in Chablis? What are they?

A

Three.

  1. Petit Chablis AOP
  2. Chablis AOP
  3. Grand Cru Chablis AOP
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5
Q

Name the climats of Grand Cru Chablis AOP from east to west

Where they are located in Chablis?

A

There are 7, located just across the river Serein from the city of Chablis. From East to West, they are.

  1. Bougros
  2. Les Preuses
  3. Vaudesir
  4. Grenouilles
  5. Valmur
  6. Les Clos
  7. Blanchot
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6
Q

What is the difference between a Chateau and a Domaine?

A

A Chateau is a single estate comprise of a house or building surrounded by vineyards.

A Domaine is a collection of vineyard parcels (usually very small ones) owned by the same family or entity. These parcels are often scattered throughout many villages/appellations, and Domaines typically make a separate wine from each one.

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7
Q

How are Burgundian wines classified?

List in ascending order

A
  1. Bourgogne Blanc/Rouge
  2. Bourgogne Villages
  3. Premier Cru
  4. Grand Cru
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8
Q

How many Premier and Grand Cru vineyards are there in Burgundy?

A

629 Premier Cru vineyards

33 Grand Cru vineyards

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9
Q

When were the vineyards of Burgundy classified?

A

1861

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10
Q

Name some of the best recent vintages of Burgundy.

A 
1989
1990
2002***
2005
2009
2010
2014
2015
2016
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11
Q

Describe the geographical layout of Burgundy.

A

Burgundy is in East-Central France and consists of Chablis, centered on the Serein river, 20 miles south of Champagne, with the main section of Burgundy 100 miles further south. This section stretches 140 miles further south from the city of Dijon. Beginning with the Cote d’Or, subdivided into the Cote de Nuits in the north, and the Cote de Beaune in the south. South of this are the Cote Chalonnais and the Maconnais.

Technically (and politically) Beaujolais to the south of the Maconnais is also part of Burgundy, but in regards to wine it is considered a separate region.

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12
Q

What is a monopole?

A

A vineyard with only one owner. (These are rare in Burgundy)

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13
Q

What are some trademark “Burgundian Winemaking” techniques?

Name 6

A
  1. Harvesting small lots and making each lot separately
  2. Using indigenous yeasts
  3. Barrel fermented whites that go through malolactic fermentation
  4. Long lees contact and batonnage of white wines
  5. Small open-topped fermenters for red wine
  6. 15-18 months of oak aging (not usually 100% new)
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14
Q

Describe the basic geography of the Cote d’Or.

Location, geographical landmarks, and soil

A

The Cote d’Or is a 30 mile long, 1000ft high, east-facing limestone escarpment. It is the most renowned wine region in Burgundy. The northern half of this escarpment is the Cote de Nuits - the southern half is the Cote de Beaune.

The highest third of the slopes of the Cote d’Or are thinner and better drained, with more limestone, but the sun is not ideal (Many Premier Cru vineyards lie here)

The midslope is often called the thermal belt. Limestone and marl is abundant here, and there is a perfect 45 degree sun exposure (The Grand Cru vineyards lie here)

The bottom third of the slopes are the most humble. The soil is heavier, less well-drained, and full of clay (Most village wines are made here)

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15
Q

Describe the general climate and soil of Burgundy.

A

Burgundy is cool, influenced by the Atlantic. Of all regions famous for red wine, it is the most northerly. It frequently rains in early fall, which poses a concern for winemakers; pick underripe and avoid the rain or aim for ripeness and take the gamble.

The soil is limestone and limestone rich clay called marl.

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16
Q

How many main villages are in the Cote Chalonnaise? What are they?

A

There are 5. North to South, they are:

  1. Bouzeron
  2. Rully
  3. Mercury
  4. Givry
  5. Montagny
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17
Q

What Burgundian AOP is known for production of Aligote? Where is it located?

A

Bouzeron AOP - 100% Aligote. It is in the northernmost village of the Cote Chalonnaise.

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18
Q

Describe the basic geography of the Maconnais.

Location, geographical landmarks, and soil

A

South of the Cote Chalonnais, the Maconnais is a large area of low-lying hills, woodlands, and meadows.

Much of the soil is limestone and marl, but the southern end also has granite and schist.

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19
Q

Where is Pouilly-Fuisse? What is it known for?

A

It is in the southern Maconnais.

It’s known for bold dense chardonnay grown in its generous limestone soils.

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20
Q

What are the main villages of the Maconnais?

A

St.-Veran
Pouilly-Fuisse (St.-Veran encapsulates Pouilly-Fuisse to the north and south)
Macon

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21
Q

What kind of wine is made in the Cote d’Or?

A

Red and White

The Cote de Nuits makes red wine almost exclusively.

The Cote de Beaune produced both, but whites dominate.

Home to all but one of the 33 Grand Crus of Burgundy, with the exception of Chablis.

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22
Q

What kind of wine is made in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Red and White

There are no Grand Crus here, but there are several Premier Crus. This region is less expensive than the Cote d’Or.

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23
Q

What kind of wine is made in the Maconnais?

A

Mostly white.

Lots of basic chardonnay is made here. No Grand or Premier Crus.

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24
Q

Name 5 Grand Crus in the Cote de Nuits.

BONUS: Which village are they in?

A
  1. Chambertin (Gevrey-Chambertin)
  2. Clos de la Roche (Morey-Saint-Denis)
  3. Musigny (Chambolle-Musigny)
  4. Romanee-Conti (Vosne-Romanee)
  5. La Tache, (Vosne-Romanee)
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25
Q

Name a Grand Cru, Premier Cru, and Village Bourgogne Rouge Producer

A

Domaine Leroy - Clos de la Roche, Morey-Saint-Denis (Grand Cru)

Domaine Dujac - Les Gruenchers, Chambolle-Musigny (Premier Cru)

Aurelien Verdet - En la Rue de Vergy, Morey-Saint-Denis (Village)

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26
Q

Name two Grand and Premier Cru Bourgogne Blanc Producers

A

Domaine Laroche - Les Blanchots, Chablis (Grand Cru)
Domaine Leflaive - Batard-Montrachet (Grand Cru)

Rene et Vincent Dauvissat - Vaillons, Chablis (Premier Cru)
Domaine Ramonet - Les Ruchottes, Chassagne-Montrachet (Premier Cru)

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27
Q

How many Crus of Beaujolais are there?

Name them from North to South

A

10

St-Amour
Julienas
Chenas
Moulin-A-Vent
Fleurie
Chiroubles
Morgon
Regnie
Brouilly
Cote de Brouilly

(Some just can’t make fried chicken. Making raw, breaded chicken.)

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28
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Beajolais?

A

Beaujolais
Beaujolais-Villages
Beaujolais Cru

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29
Q

Describe the basic geography of Beaujolais.

Location, climate, geographical landmarks, and soil

A

Beaujolais is just South of (and slightly overlapping) the Maconnais.

A 35 mile long, 9 mile wide strip, it is bordered to the west by the Monts de Beaujolais and on the east by the Saone river valley.

The climate in Beaujolais is continental, but slightly warmer and drier than the rest of Burgundy.

The hills in the northern half are full of desirable granite soil - this is where all 10 Crus lie. The plains in the southern half are mostly sedimentary rock and clay soil - this is where basic Beaujolais comes from.

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30
Q

Name 3 producers of Beaujolais and the Cru they’re from.

A
  1. Domonique Piron (Morgon)
  2. Julien Sunier (Regnie)
  3. Michele Tete (Julienas)
31
Q

How many villages are in the Cote de Nuits?

Name the 6 main villages from North to South.

A

There are 9 villages total. The main 6 are:

Gevrey-Chambertin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanee
Nuits-Saint-George
32
Q

What are the main villages of the Cote de Beaune, listed from North to South?

A 
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Mersault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
33
Q

Name 4 Grand Crus in the Cote de Beaune.

A
  1. Corton
  2. Corton-Charlemagne
  3. Montrachet
  4. Batard-Montrachet
34
Q

Largely, what is the soil type of Burgundy?

A

Limestone, marl, and clay.

35
Q

What are the main villages of the Cote Chalonnaise, listed from North to South?

A 
Bouzeron
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny
36
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in the Cote de Nuits?

A

24

37
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in the Cote de Beaune?

A

9

38
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

None, but there are several Premier Cru vineyards.

39
Q

Two Dukes named Philip influenced Burgundian winemaking - who were they and what was their contribution?

A

Philip the Bold ordered Gamay grapes to be ripped up in favor of Pinot Noir

Philip the Good encouraged hillside viticulture.

40
Q

What is the Hospices de Beaune?

A

An annual wine auction held in Beaune on the 3rd Sunday of November, with proceeds benefitting the sick.

41
Q

What is Napoleonic Code?

When was it implemented?

What is its lasting impact?

A

A law that forces inheritances to be split equally among heirs.

1804

It greatly fractured vineyard ownership over time and laid the foundation for the current division of Burgundy holdings.

42
Q

What is Beurot?

A

Pinot Gris

in Burgundy

43
Q

What is Beaunois?

A

Chardonnay

In Burgundy

44
Q

What kind of wines are made in Bourgogne Mousseux?

A

Traditional method red sparkling wines.

45
Q

What is the difference between a Burgundian Premier Cru with and without the vineyard name appended?

A

Those without vineyard name can be blended from any Premier Cru within the same village - those with vineyard name are single vineyard wines.

46
Q

How does the soil differ between Petit Chablis vineyards and Grand Cru Chablis vineyards?

A

Petit Chablis is usually on Portlandien Limestone, a younger, newer limestone that yields simpler wines.

Grand Cru Chablis is usually on ancient Kimmeridgian Marl.

47
Q

What is the unofficial Grand Cru of Chablis?

Where is it located?

A

La Moutonne.

It is a monopole in an area overlapping Vaudésir and Les Preuses.

48
Q

Describe the benchmark style for Chablis.

At which quality level is this usually best exemplified?

A 
High acidity
Medium weight
Leesy character
Intense minerality
No new oak

Premier Cru Chablis is usually the best example, Grand Cru Chablis sometimes features new oak.

49
Q

What is the only Sauvignon Blanc appellation in Burgundy?

Where is it?

A

St.-Bris

In the Yonne Department (Near Chablis and the city of Auxerrois)

50
Q

What are combes?

A

Valleys carved into the Cote d’Or by meltwater and erosion that serve as conduits for cool breezes and hailstorms.

51
Q

How to reds from the Cote de Nuits compare to those from the Cote de Beaune?

A

Reds from the Cote de Beaune tend to be lighter and less oaked.

52
Q

What are the 3 wine-making decisions that have the biggest impact on the wines of Burgundy?

A

Amount of oak treatment
Amount of lees stirring
Using whole cluster vs destemming

53
Q

What is the only Grand Cru of the Cote de Nuits that produces white wine?

A

Musigny

54
Q

Where is the premier cru Clos Saint-Jacques?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

55
Q

Where is the premier cru Les Amoureuses?

A

Chambolle-Musigny

56
Q

Where is the grand cru Bonnes-Mares?

A

Mostly in Chambolle-Musigny, a sliver is shared with Morey-Saint-Denis

57
Q

Name the 2 grand cru monopoles owned by Romanee-Conti.

A

La Tache

Romanee-Conti

58
Q

Name 2 grand cru vineyards in Gevrey-Chambertin

A

Chambertin

Chambertin-Clos de Bèze

59
Q

Name 2 highly-acclaimed domaines in Gevrey-Chambertin.

A

Armand Rousseau
Claude Dugat
Jean-Marie Fourrier

60
Q

Name 2 of Gevrey-Chambertin’s “second tier” grand crus.

A

Charmes-Chambertin

Latricières-Chambertin

61
Q

Name the premier cru of Gevrey-Chambertin that often outperforms some of the “second tier” grand crus there.

A

Clos Saint-Jacques

62
Q

How do the wines of Gevrey, Chambollle, and Morey compare to one another?

A

Gevrey - masculine, structured, weighty

Chambolle - delicate, elegant, silky

Morey - somewhere in the middle, with elements of the two others

63
Q

What are the two grand cru vineyards of Chambolle-Musigny?

A

Musigny

Bonnes-Mares

64
Q

Name the exceptional premier cru of Chambolle-Musigny.

A

Les Amoureuses

65
Q

Name the 5 grand cru vineyards of Morey-Saint-Denis.

Which one is a monopole?

A 
Clos de Tart (monopole)
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de la Roche
Clos St-Denis
Bonnes Mares (shared with Chambolle-Musigny)
66
Q

What is the largest grand cru in the Cote de Nuits?

Where is it?

A

Clos de Vougeot

Vougeot

67
Q

Name the 6 grand cru vineyards of Vosne-Romanee

A 
La Tache
La Romaneé
Romaneé-Conti
La Grande Rue
Richebourg
Romanée-Saint-Vivant
68
Q

Which exceptional premier cru village of Nuits-Saint-George is being considered for elevation to grand cru status?

A

Les Saint-Georges

69
Q

Name the grand cru vineyards of Nuits-Saint-George.

A

There are none.

70
Q

Name 2 white wine only grand crus in Corton.

A

Charlemagne

Corton-Charlemagne

71
Q

What is the only red-wine producing grand cru in the Côte de Beaune?

A

Corton

72
Q

What is the largest single grand cru appellation in all of Burgundy?

A

Corton

73
Q

Name the grand cru vineyards of Beaune.

A

There are none.

74
Q

Name 3 of Burgundy’s biggest negotiants.

A

Joseph Drouhin
Louis Jadot
Bouchard Pere et Fils

Brock - Certified Sommelier (19 decks)

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