Burgundy Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
What is Fléurie and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Fléurie (Fléu-rie) is one of the central Beaujolais crus. Considered one of the most well known crus the wines are complex and age worthy without being overly structured. Can be smooth and fruity if drunk at right time.
Producers- Domaine Chignard, George Duboeuf, Potel Aviron’s old vines
2
Q
What is batonnage? What affect does it have on the wine?
A
Batonnage is lees stiring. It is the act of stirring and mixing the lees that has settled in the barrel to create immediate richness and texture. Can be harmful to aging potential of wines.
3
Q
What is Côte de Beaune AOP and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
This can be a trick question. The Côte de Beaune AOP is a minor appellation of a few ha of vines on the hills above Beaune village appellation.
4
Q
What are the villages allowed in Côte de Beaune village wines
A
The wines are always red
Grapes may come from any village other than Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton and Beaune itself
5
Q
Where is Fourchaume and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Fourchaume (four-shaum) is a top premier cru of Chablis east bank almost directly north of Chablis township. The wines here are known for having rounded lemon flavours but retain fresh minerality.
The area contains the sub climats:
L’Homme Mort (La Mor)
Vaulorent (Vau-la-ron)
Vaupulent (Vau-pul-on)
Producers: Seguinot-Bordet, Vrignaud, Billaud-Simon, Jean-Claude Bessin, Domain Dampt, Louis Michel, Patrick Piuze
6
Q
What is Meursault and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Meursault is a white wine producing village appellation of the cote de beaune, south of Volnay and north of the Montrachets. Despite having no premier crus the wines are considered some of the Côte d’Ors finest. There is also a tradition of naming village wines by lieu-dit dubbed “deuxièmes crus”. These are still village level wines
Description: rich almost fatty on the pallet with buttery, nutty, honeyed aromas and softer acidity than Puligny.
Producers:
Coche-Dury, Guy Roulot, Comte Lafon
Top Premier crus:
Perrieres (Per-i-er)
Les Genevrieres (Gen-ev-re-ear)
Les Charmes (scharm)
Named Vineyard
Les Narvaux
Les Chevalieres
7
Q
Where is Vougeot and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Vougeot (Vou-sjoe) is a small village AOP in the Côte de Nuits, on the east of Nuits Saint George south of Chambolle-Musigny and north of Vosne Romanee. The area is 80% covered by its one grand cru Clos de Vougeot. This is the largest grand cru in the Côte de Nuits at 50 ha. The large size and many growers and producers makes the region an easy target for criticism.
1xGrand cru 4xpremier crus
Description: violets, small dark fruit, maraschino cherry, black current and develops underbrush, fallen leaves and truffle with age. Balance of acid and chewiness
Grand crus:
Clos de Vougot
8
Q
Name the Grand crus of Vougeot
A
1xGrand cru
Clos de Vougeot
9
Q
Where is Chambolle-Musigny and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Chambolle-Musigny is a Burgundian village AOP in the middle of the Côte de Nuits where it produces the most delicate, pleasurable and silky charming Pinot noirs.
2x grand crus, 24x premier crus
Description: Violets, small red fruits, develops spice red fruits, prune, truffle, underbrush and animal notes
Producers:George de Vogüé, Ghislaine Barthod, Georges (& Christophe) Roumier, Perrot-Minot
Grand Crus:
Musigny(only white grand cru in Nuit)
Bonnes Mares (Bone mar) - mostly in Chambolle-Musigny but stretches into Morey-Saint-Denis
Noteworthy Premier crus:
Les Amoureuses
10
Q
What is Poilly Fuisse and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Poilly fuisse is the top village appellation of the Macannais. Centred between the 2 halves of Saint Veran in the far south of the region. The name is misleading as there is no village of the name the region is made up of 4 villages of Chaintré, Vergisson, Fuisse and Solutré Fussie. The appellation is also the largest in production for all of burgundy at over 5 million bottles per year
Description
Defined by its Smokey character that does not come from oak or any wine making process. The wines deliver quality consistently, frequently with a bouquet of citrus and zesty apple in unoaked examples and honeyed pear, pineapple, nutty and buttery in Oakes examples. Can also be defined as spice and ginger
11
Q
What is deuxièmes crus?
A
The long held tradition in meursault to label village wines after lieu-dits (small traditionally named areas or vineyards.)
12
Q
What is Mercurey and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Mercurey (mer-cu-Rey) is a village appellation in the Côte Chalonnaise, burgundy. Often considered the best combination of value and quality of the Côte Chalonnaise. Does produce a lot though as it accounts for 2/3rds of the entire Côte Chalonnaise
Descriptions
White- 20% of production, hailed as creamy, buttery and spicy, almost Meursault in character but lacking in intensity and focus.
Red- lighter red fruit that can vary in silky to rustic in character but all possess a gamy richness shows through seen as the hallmark of the region.
13
Q
Where is Clos de tart and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Clos de Tart (tar) is a grand cru monopole in Morey-Saint-Dennis. The area is owned by Artemis, a holding company of French billionaire François Pinault. Formally owned by Mommessin
Only grand cru in Côte de Nuits with vines running north to south rather than east to west
14
Q
What is a climat?
A
Burgundian specific term for vineyard site, synonymous with cru.
15
Q
What is Régnie and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Régnie (re-nie) is one of the more southern crus of Beaujolais. The most recent cru added to Beaujolais, the wine are fruity and fairly simplistic
Producers- Jean-Marie Burgaud, Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Rochette
16
Q
What is Auxey-Duresses and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Auxey-Duresses (Aussey -Du-ress) is a village appellation in the center of the cote de beaune. With saint roman to the north west, Volnay to the north, meursault to the west and saint Aubin to the south the region is at the heart. At the mouth of the Valley that runs through saint Romain the region is one that receives just enough sun to ripen grapes most years.
Descriptions
Whites: fresh almond and apple, biscuit and Gunflint, springy on pallet when young, Fuller and meatier with age.
Red- small blackberried fruit (black current,black berry, bilberry, and floral(peony). May be astringent in youth but mellows and texture becomes velvety
17
Q
Where is Bougros and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Bougros (Bou-gro) is grand cru Chablis that is located on the most western side of the slope.
Description: more rounded and less austere than other grand crus. More accessible when young. Wines can have a subtle earthiness due to the soil being richer in calcium carbonate.
Producers: William Fevre, Domaine du Colombier, Guy Robin, François Servin
18
Q
What is Santenay and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Santenay is a village appellation in the very southern border of the Côte de Beaune. Between Chassagne Montrachet and Maranges. Mainly a red wine producing region that makes wines of floral, red fruits and liquorice. Firm tannins, supple body.
19
Q
Where is Morey-Saint-Denis and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Morey-Saint-Denis is a burgundian village AOP in the middle of the Côte de Nuit between Gevrey-Chambertin and Chambolle-Musigny. The wines are said to be a meeting of the two polarised styles.
5x Grand Crus and 20x Premier crus
Description-blackberry, bilberry, red cherry, violets, bramble and liquorish. Older examples show wildwood, game, leather, moss and truffle. Muscular structure and round tannins.
Producers: Domaine Dujac, Domaine Ponsot.
Grand Crus
Clos des Lambrays(Clos de Lam-bre)
Clos de la Roche (rosh)
Clos Saint-Denis
Bonne Mare (bone mar) - only small section as rest is in Chambolle-Musigny
Clos de Tart(Tar) -monopole owned by Artemis(French billionaire François Pinault) formally owned by Mommessin
20
Q
What is the difference in the aspect directions of the CÔTE de Nuits and the CÔTE de Beaune?
A
Nuits faces east
BEAUNE faces south east
21
Q
Where is Chorey les Beaune and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Chorey les beaune (shor-ey) is a village appellation in the northern cote de Beaune. Just south of aloxe corton, south west of Savigny-les beaune and north of Beaune AOP
Descriptions
White- white flowers, hazelnut and lemongrass. Lively in youth but quickly acquire smoothness, length and lusciousness.
Red- light and supple with moderate tannins. Dark in colour, small red and black fruits with liquorish and underbrush. Develops strawberry preserves and gingerbread with animal and leather.
22
Q
Where is Savigny les Beaune and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Savigny Les Beaune (Sav-in-ne) is a village appellation in the north west corner of the cote de beaune. 22 Premier crus
Descriptions
Whites- flowery and light hearted, bouquet of butter, brioche, lemon, grapefruit, occasional minerality. Straight forward wine
Red- small red and black fruits with violets. Ample body, discreet tannins. Morello cherry
23
Q
What are the differences between northern and southern Beaujolais?
A
Northern Beaujolais is mostly planted on the granite hillsides of the monts de Beaujolais, resulting in a riper, fuller bodied, more complex wine. This area contains the 10 crus of Beaujolais.
Southern Beaujolais is is flatter with clay based soils that are flatter. Entry level Gamay and over half of the production is nouveau. Some good Chardonnay is grown here.
24
Q
Where is Blanchot and what kind of wine does it produce?
A
Blanchot (Bla-scho) is grand cru Chablis that is the most south eastern of the grand cru slope. This is the only part of the slope that faces southeast rather than south west. These wines are considerably lighter in style than other Grand Crus with less aging potential. Often last harvested.
Description: Less fruit and more citrus dominated with special mention of grapefruit and minerality
Producers: Domaine Laroche, Vocoret, Long-Depaquit, François Servin, François Raveneau
25
What is the typical time a top Burgundian white wine (Côte d’Or) will remain in barrel
At least one year
26
Where is Vosne Romanee and what kind of wine does it produce?
```
Vosne Romanee(Vone ro-man-aye) is a village AOP in the Côte de Nuits, north west of Nuits Saint George and south of Vougeot. It’s wines are considered some of the best, along with, if not surpassing those of Gevrey-Chambertin and Chambolle-Musigny. The best wines show precision and finesse yet maintain richness.
6 Grand crus and 4 are monopoles. All premier crus except the monopole Clos de Reas touch grand cru sites.
6x Grand crus 14x premier crus
```
Description: ripe fruit over spices, strawberry, Black current or bilberry that will age into fruit preserved in brandy, leather, fur, gamey and woodland scents. Velvety and distinguished, may need bottle age to achieve fleshy texture, full body and structure.
Producers: Romanee-Conti, Comtes Liger-Belair, Domain Leroy, Anne Gros, Jean Grivot, Meó Camuzet, Sylvian Cathiard, Henri Jayers heir apparent Emmanuel Rouget
Grand crus:
La Romanée - Monopole - Comtes Liger-Belair
La-Tache - Monopole - domaine de la Romanée Conti
Romanée Conti - Monopole - domaine de la Romanée Conti
La Grand Rue - Monopole - Domaine François Lamarche
Richebourg (Rish-bour)
Romanée Saint Vivant(Vi-vo)
Top Premier Crus
Les Suchots (Le su-scho)
Les Beaux Monts (Le bone mon) can be spelled Beaumonts
Aux Malconsorts (au-mal-con-sor)
Cros Parantoux (Clo par-aun-to) made famous by Henri Jayer
27
What are the two satellites of Poilly fuisse? Which is larger? Which is higher quality?
Poilly loche and Poilly Vinzelles
Poilly Vinzelles is larger and more revered for its quality.
28
What is the typical time for a top Burgundian red wine to remain in barrel?
15-18 months
29
How was the 2017 vintage in Burgundy? Red and white?
Whites - Frosts in Chablis, what survived made great wine, higher acid due to cold nights and warm days.
Reds - Great harvest, fruity reds with soft tannins
30
Name the Grand crus of Morey-Saint-Denis
```
4-5xgrand crus
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de la Roche
Clos St Denis
Clos de tart(tar)-Mp- owned by Artemis/François Pinault
Bonne Mares(small amount)
```
31
What is Corton and what kind of wine does it produce?
Corton is the only Grand cru that is able to produce both red and white wine in the Côte de Beaune. It is 160ha and is commonly attacked for a major variation in quality due to its massive size. The region is almost entirely red wine producing.
Descriptions:
Red: spring garden with small red and black fruits that develop with age to peony, jasmine, preserved and brandy fruits, pistachio, leather and truffle. Full bodied and robust, may need 3-5 years cellaring.
The rare whites are opulent and broad but never as focused as Montrachet
32
What is the largest village in the Côte de Nuits?
Gevrey Chambertin at 400ha of vines
33
Where is Richebourg and what kind of wine does it produce?
Richebourg(rich-bour) is a grand cru vineyard of Vosne Romanée in the CÔTE de Nuits, Burgundy.
34
Where is Montmains and what kind of wine does it produce?
Montmains (mon-ma) is one of the most well known Chablis premier cru sites of the left bank to southwest of Chablis township. It’s known for producing a leaner, lighter expression of Chablis as the kimmeridgian soils are particularly stoned and shallow. With rapidly draining soils and high levels of limestone with low fertility, grapes are low in yield and high in concentration.
The area also contains the premier crus of Foret (For-a) - middle vineyard, slightly more clay so more minerality.
Butteaux (Bu-toe) -most western, taut, steely, stonefruit and apple.
Producers: Alain Besson, Jean Collet, Louis Michel, William Fevre, Denis Race, Raveneau, Jean-Claude Bessin
35
Where is Clos Saint Jacques and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos saint Jacques is a highly acclaimed premier cru in Gevrey Chambertin. It was passed over for grand cru status in 1936 as it’s borders did not touch Chambertin. It’s wines often outperform many of the regions grand crus.
Description: dark in fruit and colour, the wines are muscular, concentrated and weighty with brooding structure. Develop gamey, leather and liquorish notes with age
Producers: Armand Rousseau, Bruno Clair, Fourrier, Louis Jadot, Sylvie Esmonin
36
What are the 5 village AOPs of Maconnais? (North to south)
```
Viré Clessé (Vir-e Cle-se-a)
Saint Veran (san Ver-ho)
Pouilly-Loché (Poi-is Lo-che)
Pouilly-Fuisse (Poi-ie Fu-se)
Pouilly-Vinzelles (Poi-is Va-zel)
```
37
What is the term for Burgundian red or rose field blends? What are the requirements?
Bourgogne pass to gran)
Bourgogne passé-tout-grains AOP Pinot noir and gamay must make up 30% and 15% of the blend and the 2 grapes must be vinified together. Red is more common than rose
38
Where is Les Armoureuses and what kind of wine does it produce?
Les armoureuses (les armour-us) is the highly regarded premier cru of Chambolle-Musigny. The name is an indication of love and it is reflected in the intense bouquet of the wine
Description: delicate, flowery and gentle with a silky charm. Red fruits, violet and roses.
39
What is Saint-Amour and what kind of wine does it produce?
Saint Amour is the most northern cru of Beaujolais, wines from this region are earthy, sometimes dark. After a year or 2 can open up to be quite juicy.
Producers- domaine Billard, Domaine des Champs, Georges Duboeuf
40
Why was Gamay not allowed to be grown in burgundy and when was this decided?
In July 1395, Philip the bold, duke of burgundy declared that the wine’s “very great and terrible bitterness” character was “injurious to the human creature” and it was “an evil and disloyal plant” and that is should be “extirpated, destroyed and reduced to nothing”
41
What is Viré Clessé and what kind of wine does it produce?
Viré Clessé (Vir-e Cle-se-a) is the most northern village appellation of the Maconnais burgundy. Although the most northern village it is in the centre of the region. The region is only Chardonnay and despite a relatively high level of quality wines from this region can be anything from rich buttery and Smokey to lean and mean.
42
Where is Gevrey Chambertin and what kind of wine does it produce?
Gevrey Chambertin is a Burgundian village in the northern Côte de Nuits and is home to some of the greatest Pinot noir in Côte d’Or.
9 Grand Crus and 26 premier crus
Description: wines are muscular, brooding and structured, showing concentration, weight, Black fruit and some of the darkest colour in the Côte d’Or. Maturity brings liquorish, leather, fur and games notes
Producers:Armand Rousseau, Claude Dugat, Jean-Marie Fourrier.
```
Grand Crus:
2x Major-
Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Bèze (Bèz)
7x second tier grand crus-
Chapelle-Chambertin(cha-pel)
Charmes-Chambertin(Sharm)
Griotte-Chambertin(Gri-ot)
Latriceires-Chambertint(La-tric-ci-er)
Mazis-Chambertin(ma-zi)
Mazoyeres-Chambertin (Ma-zil-year)
Ruchottes-Chambertin (Ru-shot)
```
1 extremely important premier cru
Clos saint Jacques.
43
Name the Grand crus of Vosne Romanée?
* La Romanée -Mp- Comtes Liger Belair
* La Grand Rue-Mp- Domaine François Lamarche
* La Tâche-Mp- DRC
* Romanée Conti-Mp-DRC
* Richebourg(Rush-bour)
* Romanée Saint Vivant(Vi-vo)
44
What is Corton-Charlemagne and what kind of wine does it produce?
Corton-Charlemagne is one of the 2 smaller grand crus in the northern Côte de Beaune shared by Aloxe-Corton, I-Serrigy and Pernaud-vergelesses.
Description: it produces white wines of good quality that shows opulence and broadness but lacks the concentration and depth of Montrachet.
45
What is the traditional barrel size and name in burgundy?
Pièce -228L although some producers are now using larger barrels particularly in aging whites
46
Where is Clos des Lambrays and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos des Lambrays (lam-bray) is a grand cru vineyard in Morey-Saint-Denis that is owned 99% by Domain des Lambrays but is missing small pockets on the side stoping it from becoming a monopole
47
Where is Bonne Mares and what kind of wine does it produce?
Bonne Mares(bone mar) is a Grand cru vineyard in the Côte de Nuits that is mostly situated in Chambolle-Musigny but does extend into Morey Saint Denis.
Description:rich and fleshy, the wines are mouth filling and structured rather than flowery. Aromas of violet, humus and underbrush. The wines can age up to 30-50 years. While the Morey side has more roundness and the Chambolle side has more delicacy, they all have delicate tanic power.
48
Who is Henry Jayer?
Burgundian wine maker who advocated and popularised total desteming in the late 1970s but in modern era the style has swung back the other way.
49
What is Santenots and what kind of wine does it produce?
Santenots (san-ten-o) is a Premier cru AOP that is located in Meursault but red wines produced from this region may be labeled as premier cru Volnay.
50
What is the difference is soil between Chablis and Petit Chablis?
Petit Chablis is generally on cooler sites with portlandien limestone. A younger rock that is a purer form of limestone that does not have the same complexity or fossil residue as the kimmeridgian marl that it covers
51
What is Saint Aubin and what kind of wine does it produce?
Saint Aubin is a village appellation in the centre of the Côte de Beaun. West of Meursault and north of Chassagne Montrachet and Santenay the area is known for being of higher elevation and being more apart of the haut so the wines here are often greener and more acidic in style
Producers - PYCM
52
How do the Montrachet grand crus orientate themselves around Montrachet?
```
Montrachet - Shared
Batard Montrachet (below)- shared
(Ba-tar)
Chevalier Montrachet (Above)- Puligny
(Chev-a-Li-er)
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet( south east below batrad Montrachet)- Puligny
(Bier-ve-nu Ba-tar)
Criots-Batard-Montrachet - (south west, west of batard Montrachet) Chassagne
(Crio Ba-Tar)
```
53
Where is Valmur and what kind of wine does it produce?
Valmur is Chablis Grand Cru situated just northwest of les Clos. Loved for its racy yet elegant qualities.
Description: Steely, dense and powerful, considered one of the best expressions of Chablis, muscular minerality.
Producers: Jean-Claude Bessie, Guy Robin, Christian Moreau, François Raveneau
54
In red wine production which region of the Côte d’Or is normally lighter?
Côte de Beaune despite its more southerly location
55
Name the three communes that split Corton, Corton-Charlemagne and Charlemagne
Aloxe-Corton (A-lox cor-ton)
Ladoix-Serrigny(Lad-wa)
Pernand-Vergelesses(Per-no Ver-ge-less)
56
What is the smallest grand cru in Côte de Nuits?
La Romanée - a Monopole vineyard owned by Comtes Liger-Belair at only .85 ha
57
What is Chénas and what kind of wine does it produce?
Chénas (Che-nas) is one of the most northern Beaujolais crus. This small cru makes powerful gamays that often need some age to open up but can become complex
Producers- Domaine Duboeuf, LaPierre, Sancy, Trichard
58
How many premier crus are there in burgundy?
640
59
What is the average maximum elevation of the Côte d’Or?
400-500m
60
What are the flavours associated with carbonic and semi carbonic maceration?
Bubblegum, banana and pear drop, although these maybe yeast or youthful flavours.
Wines of this style will often be fruity and highly floral often exhibiting a softer tannin structure.
61
What is the typical % of new oak a grand cru burgundy may be treated to?
50-100% although this heavily depends on producer
62
Where is Grand-Echezeaux and what kind of wine does it produce?
Grand-Echezeaux is a grand cru appellation in the Côte de Nuit region that is just east of Vosne Romanée. The grand cru is attached to the village of flagey but there is no village appellation of flagey-Echezeaux. This grand cru is smaller than Echezeaux and is held in much higher regard.
Description: rose,violet, cherry, in youth and develops animals, spice, underbrush and prune that then becomes musk, leather, fur and mushroom. Supple tannins and fully rounded flavour. Wines may need 4-5 years in bottle
63
What is the river that runs through Chablis
Serein
64
What is Juliénas and what kind of wine does it produce?
Juliénas (Ju-li-en-as) is one of the more northern crus of Beaujolais. The wines are more structured and tannic gamay. Rich spicy and earthy. Wines get better with a few years of age.
Producers- Domaine du Clos du Fief, Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Pascal
65
How many grand crus are in the Côte de Nuits?
24
66
Name 3 famous producers of Chablis
```
Domaine François Raveneau
François Servin
Vincent Dauvissat
Samuel Billaud
Jean-Paul & Benoit Drion (Dwon) known for being the more heavily oaked Chablis
Patrick Piuze
Domaine Long-Depaquit - owners of the monopole grand cru site Moutonne
Domaine Laroche
Louis Michel
William Fevre
Louis Moreau
Christian Moreau
```
67
What is Greves and what kind of wine does it produce?
Greves (grev) is a top Premier cru of the Beaune village in the Côte de Beaune.
68
Name the Grand crus of Gevrey-Chambertin
```
Grand Crus:
2x Major-
Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Bèze (Bèz)
7x second tier grand crus-
Chapelle-Chambertin(cha-pel)
Charmes-Chambertin(Sharm)
Griotte-Chambertin(Gri-ot)
Latriceires-Chambertint(La-tric-ci-er)
Mazis-Chambertin(ma-zi)
Mazoyeres-Chambertin (Ma-zil-year)
Ruchottes-Chambertin (Ru-shot)
```
69
What is Chiroubles and what kind of wine does it produce?
Chireoubles (chi-rou-ble) is one of the central Beaujolais crus. The wines are fairly light from good soil on high hill tops, floral and drinkable early. Can develop to have tones of the more delicate Burgundians with age.
Producers- Domaine du Chapelle des Bois, Domaine Cheysson, Domaine la Combe au Loup
70
What is a lieu-dit
Small geographical area bearing a traditional name
71
What is Rully and what kind of wine does it produce?
Rully is a village appellation from northern Côte Chalonnaise in burgundy. It is split almost evenly between red and white. The whites are considered higher quality. The region is also considered the home of cremant de Bourgogne.
Descriptions
White- yellow fruit, light, unoaked. Can be overly lean in poorer vintages but can have outstanding fruit character
Red- light, simple, some rustic earthiness, in the style of Cote Chalonnaise.
72
What is the major soil type of the Côte d’Or?
Clay and limestone. However burgundy is a patchwork of soils and it takes less than a few steps to find something new
73
What are the villages allowed in Côte de Nuits village wine?
North
Fixin and Brochon
South
Prissey, Corgoloin, Comblanchien
74
Name the top Premier crus of puligny Montrachet and where they are found?
Around the grand crus borders.
Les Pucelles
Les Cailleret
Les Demoiselles
75
What is the average slope gradient of a grand cru slope in the Côte d’Or? What does this mean?
10%. While some vineyard reach up to 35% these gentler slopes allow for deeper more fertile soils that are still easily draining
76
Where is Vaillons and what kind of wine does it produce?
Vaillons (Vai-on) is one of the most respected premier crus of the left bank of Chablis just west of the township. The area is known for a lighter, more delicate, more floral driven style.
```
It contains the sub climats of -
Beugnons (Beug-non)
Roncieres (Ron-ce-ear)
Les Epinottes (Les Epi-not)
Secher (Se-che)
Les lys (Le-li)
```
Producers: Jean Collet, Louis Moreau, Billaud-Simon, Daniel Dampt, Louis Michel, Christian Moreau, William Fevre, Raveneau
77
In terms of volume, what is the largest white white producing region of burgundy?
Chablis.One in 5 bottles is Chablis
78
What are the 2 sparkling wines AOPs of burgundy?
Cremant de Bourgogne - traditional method, min 9 months on lees
```
Bourgogne mousseux (mou-seu)
Sparkling red - much older, original style of sparkling from burgundy. Traditional method, min 9 months on lees
```
79
What is the Cote Chalonnaise? What is its main difference to its northern neighbour?
The Cote Chalonnaise is the appellation stretching from the bottom of the Cote de beaune to the Mâconnais following the western bank of of the Saône river. It has 5 main villages and despite its similar limestone and clay soil and it’s warmer climate the wines made here are often later ripening as the area is not protected by an escarpment like the Côte d’Or allowing cooling westerly winds to slow the growing process.
80
Where is Yonne? What wines?
Yonne is a department of France who’s major wine region is Chablis. 3 minor regions AOPs exist
Irancy (E-ran-c) - light Pinot based reds
Vezelay (?) - Only Bourgogne until 2017 and only for 100% Chardonnay
St Bris (San Bris) - Only Sauvignon Blanc appellation in burgundy
81
Where is Romanee Conti and what kind of wine does it produce?
Romanée conti is a grand cru monopole owned by Romanée Conti in Vosne Romanée
82
How many grand crus are in Chablis?
```
1- Grand cru Chablis
7 - geographic designations
north to south
Bougros
Preuses
Vaudesir
Grenouilles
Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot
And a secret 8th parcel of La Moutonne It is a monopole of Domaine Long-Depaquit overlapping Vaudesir and Preuses. The area is allowed to be on labels but is not listed as an offical geographic designation
```
83
Where is Echezeaux and what kind of wine does it produce?
Echezeaux (ez-chez-o) is a grand cru vineyard in the Côte de Nuits just east of Vosne Romanée. The grand cru has 38ha and 80+ different producers so it is often looks down upon for its incredible variability in quality and lack of consistent terrior style.
Description: rose,violet, cherry, in youth and develops animal, spice, underbrush and prune that then becomes musk, leather, fur and mushroom. Supple tannins and fully rounded flavour. Wines may need 4-5 years in bottle
84
What Montrachet is east and which west?
Puligny - East
| Chassagne - west
85
What are the 5 main village appellations of the Cote Chalonnaise from north to south and what wines do they produce?
```
Bouzeron (white - Aligoté)
Rully (white and red)
Mercurey (white and red)
Givry (white and red)
Montagny (white)
```
86
Name the village appellations of the Côte de Beaune (North to south)
```
14 in total to remember
Aloxe-Corton(A-lox)
Chorey-les-Beaune
Savigny-Les-Beaune
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Monthélie
Meursault
Saint Aubin
Auxey-Duresses
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
Santenay
Maranges
```
87
What is the classic tasting note for Chablis
Normally premier cru level as grand cru can be too rich and incorporate new oak.
Pronounced acidity, medium weight, Lees character, intense minerality and steely character without new oak.
Green apple, citrus notes
88
Sort the Beaujolais crus into muscular, mid and delicate styles
```
Muscular
•Cote de Brouilly
•Chenas
•Juliénas
•Morgon
•Moulin-a-Vent
L
```
Mid
•Brouilly
•Fleurie
•Saint-Amour
Delicate
•Chiroubles
•Régnie
89
How many grand crus are in Burgundy and where are they?
33 in total
```
1 - Chablis
24 - Côte de Nuits
—9 Gevrey Chambertin
—4.5 in Morey Saint Denis
—1.5 in Musigny
—1 in Vougeot
—2 in flagey-Echezeaux
—6 in Vosne Romanée
8 - Côte de Beaune
—1 in Aloxe Corton
—2 split between Corton and 2 others
—2 shared between the Montrachets
—2 in puligny Montrachet
—1 in Chassagne Montrachet
```
90
What is saint Romain and what kind of wines does it produce?
Saint Romain is a village appellation on the western central side of the Côte de Beaune. The region is in the saint Romain valley running from the Côte de Beaune to haut Côte de Beaune meaning that grapes can struggle to reach ripeness and this increases vintage variation. No premier crus
Descriptions:
Whites- lime and white flowers, minerality
Reds- small red fruits, develop riper fruits and spicy, Smokey notes, refined tannins. Can be drunk young or aged for up to 10 years in some cases
91
What is Maranges and what kind of wine does it produce?
Maranges (mar-ouge) is the most southerly village appellation of the Côte de Beaune just west of Santaney. This area is a majority red wine producing region that until 1989 bottled under Côte de Beaune village and many producers still do. The region is on the southern tip of the slope so it rarely reaches the complexity and sophistication of the cooler more northern regions but it can still have some great wines from top producers. Wines can often be “over baked” from the heat of the south
Top producers:
Domaine Bernard Bachelet et Fils, Girardin, Domaine Bachelet Monnot
92
What villages of the Côte de Nuits that can produce AOP white wines?
```
5/8 although very little is made
Marsannay
Fixin (fix-an)
Morey-Saint-Denis
Vougeot
Nuits-saint-George
```
The following can not:
Gevrey Chambertin
Chambolle-Musigny
Vosne Romanee
93
What is the main concern of Chablis wine growers?
Frost
94
According to Guildsomm, how many major Chablis premier crus are there?
17
95
Where is Montée de Tonnerre and what kind of wine does it produce?
Montée de Tonnerre (Mon de ton-ner) is widely considered Chablis best premier cru and resides on the right bank of the river serein just south east of Blanchot and the Chablis Grand Cru slope. Wines are minerality and intense with nutty and honeyed characters emerging with age.
This area also contains the sub climats of:
Chapelot (cha-peal-o)
CÔTE de bréchain (bre-chan)
Pied d’Aloup (pier d-Lou) currently not producing under own name
Producers: Raveneau, Jean Collet, Vocoret, Billaud Simon
96
What is “La Moutonne”
La Moutonne is the Chablis grand cru monopole that is owned by Long-Depaquit in Preuses.
97
Where is La grande rue and what kind of wine does it produce?
La grande rue is a grand cru monopole owned by Domaine François Lamarche in Vosne Romanée
98
Explain carbonic maceration vs semi carbonic maceration?
Carbonic maceration- winemakers seal whole clusters or berries in tank and pump carbon dioxide over. In the absence of oxygen the berries undergo short intercellular fermentation, metabolising individual stores of glucose and malic acid to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. During this process the tannins and anthocyanis(colour) move to the flesh of the grape from the skins to give the juice colour. This will continue until the grape reaches about 2% alcohol before it dies and the cell activity stops. The grapes then rupture or are pressed by the wine maker where the wine will then naturally ferment with yeast to dryness.
Semi carbonic maceration (more popular in Beaujolais) has no addition of carbonation and is added naturally. Whole clusters at the bottom of the tank are crushed by the weight of those above which will and ferment normally, this will produce carbon dioxide that will cover the berries above who will begin to ferment internally.
99
What is Givry and what kind of wine does it produce?
Givry is a village from the central Côte Chalonnaise, burgundy, known as more of a mass production region it mostly produces simple wines but some stand outs do occur. Mainly Red but white does make up 10% of production.
Descriptions:
White- typical Oakes chard, nutty buttery, spicy edge, drink early
Red- light, small red fruit. Can age for up to 10 years.
100
What is Charlemagne and what kind of wine does it produce?
Charlemagne is one of the 2 smaller grand crus in the northern Côte de Beaune shared by Aloxe-Corton, I-Serrigy and Pernaud-vergelesses.
Description: it produces white wines of good quality that shows opulence and broadness but lacks the concentration and depth of Montrachet.
101
Where is Vaudesir and what kind of wine does it produce?
Vaudesir (Vou-de-zer) is Chablis grand cru that sits ontop if the grand cru slope above grenouilles. This higher elevation and a more clay heavy kimmeridgian soils makes the wines from this region softer and more elegant than other grand crus
Description: Softer and more elegant, floral characters to round out Chablis minerality.
Producers:Christian Moreau, Alain Besson, Gérard Tremblant, Louis Michel
102
What is Montagny and what kind of wine does it produce?
Montagny (mon-ta-ny) is a village appellation from the southern end of the Côte Chalonnaise. The premier crus of the region are famously unstable and require careful selection in vintage and produced but are still considered the best whites of the region by far.
Description
Whites- light, unoaked, balance yellow apple, pear and peach against high mineral acidity. Although all styles exist in this region this is the most common
103
What does AOP stand for?
Appellation d’Origine protégée
104
Where is Grenouilles and what kind of wine does it produce?
Grenouilles (Gre-nu-ie) is the smallest Chablis grand cru located in the centre of the slope close to the river Serein. This are allows the wines to be softer and more approachable in their youth. Grenouille means frog in French.
Description: orange peal, stone fruit and honey. Can vary with age
Producers: La Chablisienne (Chateau de Grenouilles), Philippe Testut, Jean-Paul & Benoit Droin, Louis Michel
105
Name the Montrachet’s grand crus and which they belong to?
```
5 in total
Montrachet - Shared
Batard Montrachetis- shared
(Ba-tar)
Chevalier Montrachet - Puligny
(Chev-a-Li-er)
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet- Puligny
(Bier-ve-nu Ba-tar)
Criots-Batard-Montrachet - Chassagne
(Crio Ba-Tar)
```
106
What is the capital of the Côte d’Or?
Dijon - in the far north above marsannay
107
What are the 3 major choices a Burgundian wine maker makes in the cellar?
Use of new oak?
Whole cluster vs desteming (red)
Batonnage / lees stiring (white)
108
What is Les Bressandes and what kind of wine does it produce?
Les Bressandes(bre-saun) is a top Premier cru of the Beaune village appellation in the Côte de Beaune.
109
What is Bourgogne passé-tout-grain AOP
Bourgogne passé-tout-grains AOP is a red or rose field blend from burgundy. Pinot noir and gamay must make up 30% and 15% of the blend and the 2 grapes must be vinified together. Red is more common than rose
110
How many Premier Crus are their in Chablis?
40
111
What is the main soil of Chablis?
Kimmeridgian marl (Kim-mer-I’d-gian). It is a blend of limestone and clay mixed with millions of oyster fossil shells.
112
How many grand crus are in Gevrey-chambertin?
```
Grand Crus:
2x Major-
Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Bèze (Bèz)
7x second tier grand crus-
Chapelle-Chambertin(cha-pel)
Charmes-Chambertin(Sharm)
Griotte-Chambertin(Gri-ot)
Latriceires-Chambertint(La-tric-ci-er)
Mazis-Chambertin(ma-zi)
Mazoyeres-Chambertin (Ma-zil-year)
Ruchottes-Chambertin (Ru-shot)
```
The major premier cru of Clos saint Jacques was not allowed as grand cru for its borders did not touch Chambertin itself but it often produces wines that are greater than many of the grand crus of Gevrey-Chambertin
113
What is burgundy’s only aligote appellation? When was it created and who was the one of the major driving forces behind it?
Bouzeron of the Cote Chalonnaise
Created in 1998
One of the major players was Domaine A. & P. De Villaine, owned by co owner of domaine Romanée Conti, Aubert de Villaine
114
Where is La Tâche and what kind of wine does it produce?
La Tache(tach) is one of the 2 Grand gru monopoles owned by Romanée-Conti in Vosne Romanée
115
What is Aloxe-Corton and what kind of wine does it produce?
Aloxe corton(Al-ox) is the most northern village appellation of the Côte de Beaune. This region contains pieces of 3 Grand crus and produces both red and white wine although the white is very rare.
Descriptions:
Red: spring garden with small red and black fruits that develop with age to peony, jasmine, preserved and brandy fruits, pistachio, leather and truffle. Full bodied and robust, may need 3-5 years cellaring
Grand crus:
Corton
Corton-Charlemagne
Charlemagne
116
What is Brouilly and what kind of wine does it produce?
Brouilly(bro-ie) is one of the most southern Beaujolais crus. The wines are a compromise between. Nouveau and complex cru styles. Wines are rich, medium bodied and have soft berry notes
Producers- Domaine Georges Descombes, Drouhin, Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Rochette and chateau thivin
117
How many grand crus are in the Côte de Beaune?
8
118
Where is Nuit Saint George and what kind of wine does it produce?
Nuit Saint George is a village appellation in the far south of the Côte de Nuits. The area has many fine premier crus that have been discussed to be elevated to Grand cru but so far has none. The wines are wines are split into northern and southern styles with wines from the north close to Vosne Romanée or Nuit st George village showing more of a softer, fruited character while those from the south around Premeaux-Prissey are a richer, fuller style.
Description: sometimes hard and angular in youth these long living wines are sturdy. In youth they smell of strawberry, cherry and blackcurrent and mature into truffle, leather, fur and game.
Producers: Henri Gouges, Joseph Faively, Jean-Jacques Confuron and Robert Chevillon
119
What is the largest grand cru in the Cote de Nuits?
Clos de vougot at 50ha
120
According to Guildsomm, name the 2 right bank and 2 left bank top premier crus?
Right
Montée de Tonnerre (south east east)
Fourchaume (north north west)
Left
Vaillons (south west west)
Montmains (south south west)
121
Name the Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny?
2 Grand Crus
Musigny
Bonne Mares
122
Where is St Bris and what kind of wine does it produce?
St Bris (san Bris) is in the Yonne (department around Chablis) and is burgundy’s only Sauvignon Blanc producing AOP
123
What are the 10 crus of Beaujolais from north to south?
```
10 crus
Saint Amour(sain a-mor)
Juliénas(Ju-Li-en-as)
Chenas(che-nas)
Moulin-Á-Vent(Mou-lin a vo)
Chiroubles(chi-ru-bl)
Fleurie(fler-e)
Morgon(mor-go)
Regnié(re-nie)
Brouilly(Bro-ie)
Cote de Brouilly(bro-ie
```
124
Which has more land under vine? Côte de Nuits or Beaune?
Beaune with almost twice as much
125
What is monthélie and what kind of wine does it produce?
Monthélie (Mon-te-li) is a tiny village appellation from the Côte de Beaune between Auxey-Duresses, Meursault and Volnay. This small area has 15 premier crus and is considered like Volnay to produce wines of a very delicate style.
126
What is the one grand cru of the Côte de Nuit that produces both red and white wines?
Musigny
127
Where is Les Clos and what kind of wine does it produce?
Grand Cru Chablis from the most renown grand cru, second most southerly on the grand cru slope the wines are known as the most powerful and intense. Long aging
Description: Ripe stone fruit, orange peal, honey
Famous producers- William Fevre, Louis Moreau, Christian Moreau, Pinson, Drouhin-Vaudon, Vocoret, Vincent Dauvissat, Jean-Paul and Benoit Droin, François Servin, François Raveneau, Billaud-Simon, Louis Michel
128
What is Volnay and what kind of wine does it produce?
Volnay is a red wine producing village appellation of the cote de Beaune situated south of Pommard and north of Meursault. Produces delicate Pinot noirs compared to their northern neighbours
Description: soft and charming, considered the most delicate of burgundy’s reds. Violets, gooseberry and cherry, aged to have spice, game and cooked prunes. Can be drunk young
Producers:
d’Angerville, Hubert de Montille, Michel Lafarge
```
Top Premier crus:
Les Caillerets(cai-rey)
Champans(sham-pan)
Clos de Chênes (Chen)
Taille pieds (tai Pi)
Clos des Ducs-Mp-Marquis d’Angerville
```
129
What is Pommard and what kind of wine does it produce?
Pommard is a village appellation in the cote de Beaune, just south of Beaune and north of Volnay. This red wine appellation is the Côte de Beaune’s most full bodied red after corton
Description: traditionally shows a harder edged, tanicly structured style but modern interpretations can vary but will still be full bodied and rich. Black berry, bilberry, gooseberry, cherry pit and ripe plum. At full maturity show liquorish, chocolate and pepper. Needs time to open in glass.
Top Premier crus:
Les Rugiens (Haut and Bas)
Les Epenots
Clos de Epeneaux-Mp-Comte Armand
130
What is a French department?
One of the three levels of government, the term sits between administrative regions and communes in size and there are 95 in total
131
Explain the wines of Montrachet? The 2 village styles and their key differences?
Puligny-Montrachet - longer history of high quality white wine production and a generally more taut, streamlined and focused than meursault. Wines are generally treated with less new oak. It’s top Premier crus are closest to the grand crus
Producers-Domaine Leflaive, Jacques Carillon
Chassagne Montrachet - only became more white than red in mid 1980s. Closer in style to meursault than Puligny, more premier crus -55 (most in Côte d’Or) many of these are smaller sites grouped into more marketable Premier crus.
Producers - Ramonet, PYCM
132
What is Moulin-á-Vent and what kind of wine does it produce?
Moulin-à-Vent(mou-lin a vo) is one of the most northern crus of Beaujolais. Wines are powerful and have very few classic gamay characters. Sometimes too large but can be the best in Beaujolais.
Producers-Domaine Diochon, Domaine Pascal Granger, Jadot, Domaine Thibault liger-Belair(highly interested in the most Burgundian soil and style.)
133
What is Maconnais and what kind of wine does it produce?
The Maconnais is a region appellation at the south of burgundy. It is a majority white wine producing region being only second to Chablis for shear volume although Macon AOP allows for red, white, rose and even varietal labeled gamay. This region also has the village of Chardonnay
Description
Most whites are fermented and raised in steel tanks without oak. The wines are fruiter and more open than Chablis but lack the minerality and high acidity
134
What kind of climate is Burgundy
Continental
135
What is Saint Véran and what kind of wine does it produce?
Saint Veran(ver-ho) is a village appellation from the south of Maconnais, burgundy. The region is split in 2 by poilly fusse. The region used to be considered white Beaujolais but was reassigned.
Description
White- Fresh and crisp with little Smokey character, Peach, pear and pineapple, some citrus and can be nuttiness from oak. rarely high quality but great value, second only to poilly fuisse
136
What is Cote de Brouilly and what kind of wine does it produce?
Cote de Brouilly (Bro-ie) is a more southern Beaujolais cru locates entirely within Brouilly on the volcano of Mont Brouilly. These wines are among the most intense and serious Beaujolais.
Producers- domaine du Pavillon de Chavannes, Potel Aviron, Domaine Rochette, Chateau Thivin
137
What is Morgon and what kind of wine does it produce?
Morgon is one of the central crus of Beaujolais. Wines here are the most powerful and rich examples of Beaujolais, appearing closer to a powerful Burgundian with chunky earthy flavours that smooth with age. Quality can vary due to the size and popularity of the region, many wines lack the defining characters of the region.
Producers- Domaine Aucoeur, Domaine Georges Descombes, domaine Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Marcel Lapierre
138
What is Coteaux de Lyonnais and what kind of wine does it produce?
Coteaux du Lyonnais (côte-to du lyon-nai) is a appellation about an hour south of Beaujolais and very close to the northern Rhône but is a Gamay producing region that makes both red and rose as well as white from aligote, Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc. It is climatically more similar to the Cote Rôtie or Condrieu
139
Where is Flagey-Echezeaux and what kind of wine does it produce?
Flagey-Echezeaux (ez-chez-o) is a village just east of Vosne-Romanée that despite having 2 grand crus and some premier crus the area has no Village AOP. Premier cru wines from this region label themselves as Vosne Romanée.
Description: rose,violet, cherry, in youth and develops animals, spice, underbrush and prune that then becomes musk, leather, fur and mushroom. Supple tannins and fully rounded flavour. Wines may need 4-5 years in bottle
Grand Crus
Echezeaux
Grand Echezeaux
140
Where is Clos de la Roche and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos de la Roche (roch) is a grand cru vineyard in Morey Saint Denis. 75% of the original area is owned by Domaine Ponsot but through 1936 - 1971 the area was slowly expanded to incorporate neighbouring lieux dits
141
Where is Preuses and what kind of wine does it produce?
Preuses (preus or Le preus) is grand cru Chablis. Second most north western on the slope and it produces wines that are rich and elegant but less aromatic and have less minerality than other grand crus. Name is derived from Pierre or stone in French. Also partially home to the “la Moutonne” monopole
Description: Rounder and softer than other grand crus due to their extended exposure to the afternoon sun.
Producers: La Chablisienne, Vincent Dauvissat, Jean et Sebastien Dauvissat, Billaud-Simon
142
Where is La Romanée and what kind of wine does it produce?
La Romanée is a Grand cru monopole in Vosne Romanée that is owned by Comtes Liger-Belair. It is the smallest AOP in all of France.
143
How many grand crus are their in burgundy?
33
144
What is Beaune and what kind of wine does it produce?
Beaune is the commercial capital of the Côte d’Or and home to major negotiants Joseph Drouhin, Bouchard Père et Fils and Louis Jadot. The area has more hectares under vine than anywhere in the Côte de Beaune as well as 42 premier cru but no Grand Crus. 85% of the region is covered by premier cru.
Wines from the north of the region will be more structured and powerful while the south will be smoother and fuller
Descriptions:
Red- black currents and berries, cherries and gooseberries, crunchy and fresh. Firm, upright and solid convincing structure
White- silky gold with green inflections, almonds, dried fruits, bracken and white flowers
Top Premier crus:
Les Bressandes (Le bre-Saun)
Greves (Grev)
Clos des Mouches (moush)
145
In percentages what is the production of burgundy broken down as classifications?
Grand cru - 1%
Premier cru - 10%
Village wines - 37%
Regional wines - 52%
146
What are the village appellations of the Côte de Nuits for red wine (north to south)
```
8 appellations
Marsannay
Fixin (fix-an)
Gevrey Chambertin
Morey-saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot (Vou-sjoe)
Vosne-Romanée(Vone ro-man-e)
Nuits-Saint-George
```
147
What is Blagny and what kind of wine does it produce?
Blagny (Bla-ne) is a small appellation in the Cote De Beaune that produces red wine under its own name but produces a very small amount of white wine which is labelled as either meursault or puligny Montrachet depending on the location of the vineyard
148
When is the release of Beaujolais nouveau, when did this start, when was it most popular
Beaujolais Nouveau is released on the third Thursday of November, a few weeks after harvest.
First authorised in 1951 and most popular in the 70s. It made Georges Duboeuf(regions largest producer) a household name.
Wines should be drunk within a few weeks
149
What is Clos de Mouche and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos de Mouche(mouch) is a top Premier cru of the Beaune village in the Côte de Beaune.
150
Name some stand out years in Burgundy
2017, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1999
151
What is the Jules Lavalle classification and what year did it take place?
Jules Lavalle developed an informal classification system for the Côte d’Or following the success of the Bordeaux wine offical classification in 1855.
The classification was formalised in 1861 by the beaune committee of agriculture. Designations of Grand and premier cru were later expanded on in the 1936.
1855 is the offical date of the Jules Lavalle classification
152
What four communes make up Pouilly fuisse?
Fuissé
Solutré-Pouilly
Vergisson
Chaintré
153
Name quality producers from the Cote de Nuits?
```
Ponsot
Roumier
Dujac
Clos de Tart
Jadot
Jayer
Leroy
DRC
LIGER-Belair
Rousseau
```
154
Name some quality producers from the Côte de Beaune?
```
Bouchard
Chanson
Jadot
Drouhin
des Croix
```
155
Name some quality producers from Beaujolais?
```
Thivin
Daniel Bouland
Liger-Belair
Chignard
Desvignes
```
156
Name some quality producers from the Maconnais?
```
Guffens Heynen
Manciat
Barraud Daniel
Cordier
Fichet
```
157
Name some quality producers from the Cote Chalonnaise?
```
Dureuil-Janthial
Juillot
Joblot
Thenard
Faiveley
```
158
Name the best red wine vintages in Burgundian recent memory?
Legendary- 2005 and 2015
Great- 2009, 2012, 2014, 2017
159
Name the worst vintages for red wine in burgundy recent memory?
2006 and 2008. Some gems exist but they are few and far between
160
Name the best recent white vintages in burgundy?
2005, 2008, 2010 and 2014 with 2014 being the star.
2016 and 17 where both heavily frost and hail damaged but the fruit that remained made great wine
161
What is the must remember vintage of Burgundian reds after 2000?
2005
162
What is the difference between Poilly Fusse and Poilly Fumme?
Poiully Fume- Sauvignon Blanc producing region of the Loire valley
Pouilly Fuisse- naturally Smokey Chardonnay appellation of the maconnais burgundy.
163
What are the 3 major premier crus of Meursault?
* Charmes - most delicate of the 3
* Genevrières - most traditional, nutty, rich, round
* Perrières - defined by concentration. Bold variety of styles but peach/apricot are a common thread
164
What is the only Aligote premier cru?
Clos de Monts luisants in Morey Saint Denis owned by Domaine Ponsot
