Burgundy - General Flashcards
(277 cards)
1
Q
What are the four departments of Burgundy from north to south?
What subregion is associated with each?
A
Yvonne - Chablis
Cote d’Or - Cote de Nuits & Cote de Beaune
Saone-et-Loire - Cote Chalonnaise & Macon
Rhone - Beaujolais
2
Q
How many hectares are planted in each subregion?
A
Chablis and the Grand Auxerrois: 7,626 ha
Côte de Nuits and the Hautes Côtes de Nuits: 2,659 ha
Côte de Beaune and the Hautes Côtes de Beaune: 4,815 ha
Côte Chalonnaise: 2,238 ha
Mâconnais: 6,117 ha
Other Regional Areas: 6,598
Beaujolais: 16,947 ha (from 2012)
3
Q
How long is the Cote d’Or?
A
60 km
4
Q
What the subregions of the Cote d’Or
A
Cote de Nuits
Cote de Beaune
5
Q
What AOPs included in the Grand Auxerrois?
A
Chablis Grand Cru AOP
Chablis AOP
Petite Chablis AOP
Saint Bris AOP
Vezelay AOP
Irancy AOP
6
Q
What are the monts de beaujolais?
A
Series of choppy mountains, up to 1000m elevation, that mark the change in topography when entering the Beaujolais region in the Rhone department
7
Q
How much of Burgundy’s overall production comes from Beaujolais?
A
About 33%
8
Q
What latitudes does Burgundy fall within?
A
48-46
47 run through Volnay
9
Q
What is the climate of Burgundy?
A
Continental
10
Q
What is the average rainfall, sunshine hours in growing season and temperature of Burgundy?
A
750 mm rainfall
1,300 sunshine hours
68 avg temp
11
Q
What are the most planted grapes in Burgundy (not including Beaujolais?
A
Chardonnay (15,233 ha, 2011)
Pinot Noir (10,634 ha, 2011)
Gamay (2,534 ha – Burgundy, 2011; 17,433 ha – Beaujolais, 2011)
Aligoté (1,910 ha, 2011)
Sauvignon Blanc (1,505 ha, 2011)
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
12
Q
What three rare varieties are found in the Yonne department and what AOPs are they allowed in?
A
- Cesar (red tannic grape) - Irancy AOP - Max 10% (Combined with Pinot Gris)
- Tressot - commercially irrelevant - Expert guide says only sparkling, compendium says can be used in Bougogne AOP for red wines but not replanted
- Sacy - commerically irrelevant - allowed in the encepagement of Cremant de Bourgogne AOP, no amount listed in assemblage
13
Q
What is the annual production of Burgundy?
A
14
Q
What are the four tiers of the Burgundy heirarchy?
A
Grand Cru AOP - 2% of production
Premier Cru - geographic designation of village AOP
Village AOP
Regional AOP - 50% of production
15
Q
Where is most of the Cremant production of Burgundy centered around?
A
Rully in Saone-et-Loire
16
Q
How much hectarage is annually dedicated to sparkling wine?
A
2,000 - 1/14 of Burgundy
17
Q
What are the general rules for 1er wines?
A
Lower Yield
Higher must weight
Higher minimum alcohol
18
Q
Can Premiere Cru be labeled at the village level?
A
Yes, if all the vineyards used are premiere cru and within the village
19
Q
What is the smallest AOP in France?
A
La Romanee AOP - 0.85 hectares - monopole of Liger-Belair
20
Q
What is the largest Grand Cru in Burgundy?
A
Corton AOP - 160 hectares
21
Q
Are grand crus allowed to blended and labeled as Grand Cru?
A
No
22
Q
What is D974?
A
A two lane road that runs north south through the Cote d’Or
All Grand Crus, and all but one 1er, are west of this road
23
Q
What is a chevets?
A
Water Channel
24
Q
What is a murgers?
A
Pile of rocks removed from vineyards
25
What is a climat?
List examples
How many in total in Burgundy?
- A parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces
- Today, used to describe an area with similar climate and terroir which is notable in the resulting wines
- They do NOT always fit within AOP boundaries
**** The single climat of Monts Luisants in Morey-Saint-Denis is within Morey-Saint-Denis AOP, Morey-Saint-Denis 1er Cru, and Clos de la Roche Grand Cru AOP
- There CAN be mulitiple climats within 1er or Grand Cru
1,200
26
What is a lieu dit?
- A named single vineyard, and forms one contiguous parcel within a single commune
- The Wines of Burgundy, 12th ed. authors Sylvain Pitiot and Jean-Charles Servant“You could say that the lieu-dit is a technical cadastral unit used by geographers, while the climat is a vigneron’s notion.”
27
What is a cru?
- An imprecise term, cru is used both to denote quality and to indicate a delimited place; depending on the region and the wine in question the term can carry legal weight or simply evoke popular meaning
- Cru derives from croître (“to grow”), but in Burgundy its use since the late 1500s has seemingly been to indicate high quality
- cru designations and climat boundaries do not always neatly match
28
What is a parcel?
- A parcel is a single contiguous holding within a vineyard, owned entirely by one grower
- domaines may hold several different parcels in the same climat; for instance, Domaine Leflaive owns three separate parcels in the grand cru Bâtard-Montrachet
29
What is a clos?
- A clos indicates a vineyard enclosed within a stone wall that cannot be jumped by a man on horse
30
What is a commune?
An administrative unit of local government encapsulating a town and its immediate surroundings
31
What is a village?
Imprecise term that indicates one of the many small towns that dot the Burgundy landscape or the wines produced in village appellations
32
What is a hamlet?
Smallest form of settlement, often included administratively within the commune of a larger neighboring town.
- For example, Puligny-Montrachet is a village appellation and a commune, whereas Blagny is a village appellation and a hamlet located within the Puligny-Montrachet commune.
33
When did Romans arrive in Burgundy?
52 CE
34
What group originally cultivate viticulture in Romanee Conti in the 12th century?
Benedictine Monks
Priory of Saint Vivant de Vergy
Formerly called “Clos de Cinq Journaux”
35
What famous Benedictine order was located in Vosne in the 12th century?
Cluny
36
What style of vineyards were famously built by Cistercians?
Clos
Clos de Vougeot
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays
37
When and where were the Cistercians founded?
1098 in the Abbaye of Citeaux near Dijon
38
What is a defricheurs and who was that title applied to?
Land -Clearers
Cistercians monks for their role in expanding Vitilcture
39
Who required the "disloyal" Gamay to be uprooted and replace with Pinot Noir and when?
Philip the Bold - 1395
40
Who demanding the removal of vines east of Dijon and encourage planting on bonnes costes (good slopes)?
Philip the Good - 1441
41
Who died in battle relinquishing control of Burgundy to Louis XI, king of France?
Charles the Bold in 1477
42
What is the Hospices de Beaune?
- Founded at Hotel-Dieu in 1452
- Charity hospital from 1452-1971
- Seized during French revolution in 1792 and renamed Hospices de Beaune with other charity organizations
43
How did the Hospices de Beaune acquire vineyard area and how much does it hold now?
Donations
60 ha - one of the largest in Burgundy
44
What major event is held by the Hospices de Beaune?
- Wine Auction
- 3rd Sunday in November to coincide and celebrate end of harvest
- Part of weekend long event called "Trois Glorieuses"
45
What events are included in the "Trois Glorieuses"?
Saturday - Event at Chateau de Clos de Vougeot
Sunday - Hospices de Beaune Wine Auction
Monday - Paulee of Meursault
46
What wine is auctioned at the Hospices de Beaune auction?
- The Hospice produces nearly 4 dozen wines with names like “Cuvée Nicholas Rolin,” “Cuvée Guigone de Salins,” and “Cuvée Dames de Flandres.”
- The wines are auctioned En primeur from the current vintage from the barrels
- The wines are then aged and bottled by other producers
- The final label carries the Hospice name and the name of the négociant-éleveur—the producer who bought and bottled the wine
47
What began vineyard fragmentation in Burgundy?
The French revolution (1789-1799) caused land to be seized from aristocrats and religious orders and over parceled off and sold at auctions to multiple owners
48
What is fermage?
Leasing the land to a tenant for cash
Domaine de la Romanée Conti leases three separate vineyard parcels in Corton AOP
49
What is metayage?
A form of sharecropping
Domaine Georges Roumier farms a parcel in Ruchottes-Chambertin AOP owned by Michel Bonnefond, producing the wine for both labels
50
What began vineyard fragmentation in Burgundy?
The French revolution (1789-1799) caused land to be seized from aristocrats and religious orders and over parceled off and sold at auctions to multiple owner
51
What is Primogeniture?
The right of the firstborn son to inherit his family’s entire estate, assured that the aristocracy’s holdings remained intact over generations
52
What ended Primogeniture?
1804 Napoleonic Code
All male citizens would be henceforth equal under the law, and equal in inheritance
53
Who is the largest landowner in Burgundy?
Bouchard Pere et Fils - 130 ha
54
What is a micro-negociant?
A producer that sources fruit and is often but not always, released often a different label for their Domaine label
- Domaine de Montille’s “Deux Montille” wines and Domaine Dujac’s “Dujac Fils & Père”
- Comte Armand’s Benjamin Leroux produces négociant wines under his own name
- when operating both domaine and négociant branches, a vigneron will use the term maison—“house”—to refer to the latter
55
Who were the first negociants in Burgundy?
Maison Champy and Maison Claude Marey - 1720
Maison Lavirotte and Poulet Père & Fils - 1725
Bouchard Père & Fils - 1731
56
How many domaines were in Burgundy in 2013 according to the BIVB? Average size?
Negociant? Percentage of total Burgundy production?
Cooperatives?
3,949 - 7-8 ha
30 - 60%
13
57
Where and when did Phylloxera first hit Burgundy?
1874 - Beaujolais
1878 - Meursault
1887 - Chablis
58
When was Romanee-Conti replanted on American rootstock due to Phylloxera?
1945
Carbon disulfide was used for decades
59
How did planting on rootstock affect Burgundian vineyards?
- Orderly rows became standard instead of "en foule" (in a crowd)
- Guyot training replace Gobelet
- Provignage planting method was obsolete
60
What is the difference between Cordon de Royat and Guyot training?
Guyot requires annually pruning the fruiting cane
Cordon de Royat a permanent arm
61
Is double Cordon or Guyot training common in Burgundy?
No
62
What direction do the vines run in Burgundy?
List notable exceptions to the rule
East to west or up and down slope
Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays and La Romanée
63
What is common vine spacing in Burgundy?
What is the rule?
1x1 meter - 10,000 vines per hectare
No less than - 9,000 vines per hectare
Chablis is 5,500 vines per hectares (1.5-1.65x1)
64
According to Jules Lavalle, how many hectares were planted in the Cote d'Or 1855?
26,500 ha - 23,000 were Gamay
Today, only 25% of that
65
When was Chambertin's Clos de Beze established?
1830
66
What was the first village to append a famous vineyard to the village name and when?
Gevrey-Chambertin - 1847
67
When were 1er added to Burgundian wine law?
1942
68
What happened in Chablis in 1956 that changed the region significantly?
Worst frost since 1709 requiring replanting and they decided to largely expand the boundaries of the region
69
What the was the last grand cru added to Burgundy and when?
La Rue - Vosne-Romanee - 1992
70
What is Lutte Raisonee / Lutte Integree?
"Reasoned struggle"
Not using chemicals unless necessary. Prefers alternative methods like sexual confusion. Uses copper or sulfate based sprays instead of synthetic
Similar to "sustainable" in USA
71
What Lutte Biologique?
Organic viticulture - not using chemicals
BIVB estimates 8-12% of vineyards are organic or biodynamic
72
What was the first biodynamic estate in Burgundy?
Name others
Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau
Domaine Leroy, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Domaine Leflaive, Vincent Dauvissat, Comtes Lafon, and Comte Armand
73
What vine maladies are common in Burgundy?
Fungal Disease
Powdry and Downy mildew, Esca, Eutypa dieback, Grey rot
74
What insect related issues are common in Burgundy?
Phylloxera
Soil nematodes spreading grapevine fanleaf virus
Ladybugs secreting pyrazines
75
What vintages have green off-flavors blamed on lady bugs
2004
2011
76
What are common bacterial problems in Burgundy?
Flavescence doree - phytoplasma is a specialized bacteria to plant material
Spread by leafhopper insects
77
What biodynamic producer refused to spray synthetic insecticide in Burgundy to prevent leafhoppers from speading Flavescence doree and was prosecuted by the government?
Emmanuel Giboulot
78
What is a chaufferettes?
Diesel-burning smudge pots designed to heat vineyards at night
First used in Chablis in the 50s
79
What is aspersion used in Chablis?
Spraying spring buds with water, which freezes and protects them dropping further in temperature
80
What is a modern solution for deterring frost damage in Chablis?
List an example
Electric heating cables
William Fevrè, Vaudésir and Maison Bichot, La Moutonne
81
What is frost scorch?
Ice crystals magnify sunlight and burn buds
82
What is selection clonal?
Replanting vineyards with a specific clone from a nursery
83
What is selection massale?
Replanting by Propagating cuttings from vines in the vineyards
84
What percentage of vines are typically replanted in Burgundy?
At what age are vines more susceptible to die from esca?
1-2%
20 years
85
When did Pinot Gris appear in Burgundy?
Pinot Blanc?
1780s
1890s
86
What is Pinot Liebault?
In 1810, Gevrey winemaker A. Liebault propagated a Pinot Noir vine with high and consistent yields for more vineyards and it was named after him
87
What were the two early categories of Pinot Noir field cuttings?
Pinot Droit - upright-growing vines
Pinot Fin - lower-yield with more concentrated juice
88
What and when were the first true clones introduced to Burgundy?
1971
Dijon clones (AKA Bernard clones) from Domaine Ponsot’s Clos de la Roche Grand Cru parcel
89
What are the benefits of cold maceration?
Extracting color
Produces less astringent tannins
Enhances fruit aromatics
90
List producers that are known for high percentage of new cluster?
When are they more likely to use 100%
Dujac
DRC
Warmer vintage up to 100%, 70-80% in cooler vintages
91
How can whole berry fermentation result in the wine?
High-toned floral, carbonic aromatic complexity without the risk of green tannins if the stems aren't properly lignified
92
What are the pros and cons of whole-cluster white pressing?
Pro - cleaner, less phenolic must with lower pH
Con - Can contribute to premature oxidation because crushing grapes allows for partial oxidation early in the process, protecting the wine for long
93
What is a common must enrichment practice in Burgundy?
Chaptalizing with white (Beet) sugar
94
What is subtractive must enrichment?
Remove water from the must to concentrate the remainder by a maximum factor of 10%
Legalized in 2009
95
Is acidification legal in Burgundy?
Yes, if it's declared and documented
96
What caused acidification to be common in Burgundy in 80s and 90s?
Years of heavy synthetic fertilizer left high levels of potassium in the soils, raising pH and lower acidity
97
Can the same wine be acidified and chaptalized?
No, technically illegal but it happens
98
What levels of new oak are used in each quality tier?
Bourgogne - 0-10%
Village - 0-25%
1er - 25%-50%
Grand Cru - 50-100%
White wines usually see less
Chablis, often only GC see new oak
99
What is the typical toast level for Burgundy barrels?
Exception?
Medium or less
Domaine Joseph Roty - high toast levels
100
Who is the most famous cooperage in Burgundy?
Francois Freres in Saint Romain
101
List producers known for using 350L barrels
Pierre Yves Colin-Morey
Henri Bolliot
102
How many liters is Feuillette?
Where are they used and what is the signifcance?
132 L
Remain the official unit of measurement for growers selling wine to négociants but are rare in actual wine production
103
What river runs through Chablis?
Serein
104
How many communes are in Chablis AOP?
17
105
What significant events happened in Chablis in the followings vintages...
1886?
1887?
1945?
1956?
1886 - Downy Mildew
1887 - Phylloxera
1945 - Massive frost
1956 - Frost and cold winter killed vines, They skiied down the Grand Cru Hil
106
What percentage of Chablis is harvested by machine?
95%
107
When were 1er added to Chablis?
1967
108
What happened in Chablis in 1985?
Expanded the AOP 1000 hectares and 7 1ers
109
What were the original boundaries of Chablis AOP determined by and when?
1938
Kimmeridgian Marl
110
What is Kimmeridgian marl composed?
How and when did this occur?
Oyster shells
150 million years ago it was shallow sea, Paris Basin
111
What is the soil type of Petite Chablis AOP and where is it found?
Portlandian Limestone
Ridges and Plateau surrounding the Serein River Valley
112
What is the aspect and soil type of Chablis Grand Cru AOP?
Southwest
Kimmeridgian Marl
113
List the climates in Chablis Grand Cru AOP
Blanchot, Les Clos, Valmur, Les Grenouilles, Vaudésir, Preuses, and Bougros
114
What is the Union des Grands Cru de Chablis?
Private organization who controls 50% of Chablis Grand Cru AOP and requires
- Lutee raisonee
- Lower maximum yield
- High-density plantings 8,000 vines per ha or more
115
How many "major" 1er are in Chablis?
What does this mean? List an example
17
Some 1er contain 1ers within them that can be labeled but often are not due to name recognition. Cote de Brechain in Montee de Tonerre
116
What is the smallest 1er in Chablis?
Largest?
Cote de Cuisy - less than 0.5 ha
Fourchame and Vaillons both over 100 ha
117
What are the two unofficial categories of Chablis 1ers?
Best 1ers of each?
Left Bank - Vaillons & Montmains
Right Bank - Montee de Tonerre
118
What geological feature does the Cote d'Or sit in?
Saone River Plain
119
What is the main soil type of the Cote d'Or and when was it formed?
Limestone during the Jurassic period
120
What are the subsoil types of the Cote d'Or
Argillaceous limestone - higher limestone content
Marl or Calcareous clay - Lower limestone content
121
What is max elevation and slope angle of the Cote d'Or vineyards?
400m
35% - Grand Crus are usually at 10%
122
What is a combe?
Dry, transverse valleys, carved during the last ice age by melt-water and erosion
Act as conduits for both cool breezes and hailstorms
123
Does the Cote de Nuit or Cote de Beaune have more land under vine?
Cote de Beaune by 2x
124
What is the newest AOP in the Cote de Nuits and when?
Marsannay - 1987
125
What is the only village AOC to produce rose?
Who started the style?
Who carries it on?
Marsannay
Domaine Clair-Dau in the 1920
Bruno Clair - grandson of the founded of Clair-Dau who inherited half of the domaine upon its dissolution in 1985
126
What grape was most planted in Marsannay until the 60s?
Gamay
127
What percentage of Fixin production is white wine?
5%
128
What can wines from Fixin and Brochon also be released as?
Cote de Nuits Villages
129
What is the largest appellation in the Cote d'Or?
Gevrey-Chambertin
130
What AOCs have significant land holding east of the D974?
Gevrey-Chambertin
Chorey-les-Beaune
131
What road runs through the grand crus in Gevrey-Chambertin?
Route des Grande Crus
132
List and describe the difference between the grand crus on either side of Route des Grande Crus?
West
- Mazis-Chambertin and Ruchottes-Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Chambertin itself, and Latricières Chambertin
- Considered better quality
- Thin rocky-marl soil with iron oxide in the lower slope
East
- Chapelle-Chambertin, Griotte-Chambertin, Charmes-Chambertin, and Mazoyères-Chambertin
- Considered inferior quality
133
What grand cru on the east side of the Route des Grande Crus in Gevrey is considered the best?
Griotte-Chambertin - 2.6 ha
Saved by the quality of producers that use the fruit
134
What can Mazoyeres-Chambertin wines be released as?
Charmes-Chambertin
135
What combe does Gevrey-Chambertin lie at the mouth of?
Where do the Grand Cru and premiere cru vineyards sit relative to this Combe?
Combe de Lavaux
Grand Cru on the south, many of the premiere cru to the north
136
What is the most important site in Fixin?
Clos de la Perriere - Monopole of Domaine de la Perriere
This site was listed in Jules Lavalle's 1855 publication as a tete du cuvee of Burgundy
137
What are the best 1ers in Gevrey-Chambertin?
Clos Saint-Jacques
Les Cazetiers
138
What is the best 1er in Gevrey-Chambertin and what is unique about it?
Aux Combottes
Surrounded on all four sides by Grand Crus
139
What are Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis from north to south?
Clos de la Roche
Clos Saint-Denis
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Bonnes-Mares - Mostly located in Chambolle-Musigny
140
How much Morey-Saint-Denis village production is white?
10%
141
What Morey-Saint-Denis 1er cru allows Aligote?
What domaine is the only one to do so?
- Monts Luisants blanc- Ponsot
- Domaine Dujac makes a Chardonnary from Monts Luisants 1er
142
What combe does Chambolle-Musigny sit within?
Combe de Chamboeuf
143
What is often attributed to silky, ethereal, light-colored nature of Chambolle-Musigny wines?
- Village sits as the base of the eroded Combe de Chamboeuf causing the vineyards to have higher limestone content
- Causes vines to have mild chorosis
144
What are the Grand Crus of Chambolle-Musigny?
Bonnes-Marres - 90%, other 10% is in Morey-Saint-Denis
Musigny
145
What are the 3 lieu dits of Musigny GC AOP?
Le Musigny
Les Petits Musigny
A small section of the premier cru climat La Combe d’Orveaux
146
Who is the largest landowner in Musigny?
What unique parcel does he own within it?
Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue
The only parcel of Chardonnay - released as Musigny blanc in 2015 for the first time since the 90s
147
What is the best 1er in Chambolle-Musigny?
Les Amoureuses
148
What are other top climats in Chambolle-Musigny?
Les Fuées 1er
Les Véroilles
Les Cras 1er
149
Who built the Clos de Vougeot?
Cistercian Monks
150
How much production of Clos de Vougeot compares do Vougeot village?
Clos de Vougeot is 4x production of Vougeot
151
How many producers are in Clos de Vougeot and what is the size of the Grand Cru?
82
50 ha
152
Which Grand Crus in Vosne-Romanee are monopoles?
La Grand Rue - Francois Lamarche
La Romanee - Comte Liger-Belair
La Tache - DRC
Romanee-Conti - DRC
153
List the Grand Crus in Vosne-Romanee
La Grand Rue - Francois Lamarche monopole
La Romanee - Comte Liger-Belair monopole
La Tache - DRC monopole
Romanee-Conti - DRC monopole
Richebourg
Romanee Saint-Vivant
154
Explain how the AOP system relates to Flagey-Echezeaux
- No village AOP
- The village and 1er within the commune use Vosne-Romanee labeling
- Two Grand Crus
- Echezeaux
- Grand Echezeaux
155
How many lieux-dits are in Echezeaux?
11
156
How much of Nuits-Saint-George production is white?
3-4%
157
What communes produce the most wine in the Cote de Nuits?
1. Gevrey
2. Nuit-Saint-George
158
How are the wines of Nuit-Saint-George generally categorized by geography
- Vineyards closer to Vosne-Romanee produce a similar style
- South are more tannic and rustic
159
How many 1ers are in Nuit Saint George and how can they be grouped?
41
- North of NSG Commune
- South of NSG Commune
- Bordering Premeaux-Prissey
160
What are the best 1ers in Nuit-Saint-George north of the commune?
Aux Boudots
Aux Chaignots
161
What are the best 1ers in Nuit-Saint George south of the commune?
Les Saint George
Les Cailles
Les Vaucrains
162
What are the best 1ers in Premeaux-Prissey?
Clos de la Marechale - Jacques-Frederic Mugnier monopole
Clos Arlot
Clos des Grande Vignes - Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair monopole
- Only 1er east of D974
163
Which Grand Crus on the Hill of Corton only produce white wine?
Corton-Charlemagne
Charlemagne (rarely used)
164
What communes have a part of the Hill of Corton?
Which is the largest?
Ladoix-Serrigny
Aloxe-Corton - 75%
Pernand-Vergelesses
165
List the best climats in Alex-Corton Corton Grand Cru
Le Clos du Roi
Le Corton
Les Renardes
Les Bressandes
Les Perrieres
166
How many climats can appear on a Corton Grand Cru label?
24 of 26 in total
167
Which two climats cannot appear on a Corton Grand Cru label, but can appear on Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru Label and where are they?
Le Charlemagne - Aloxe-Corton
En Charlemagne - Pernand Vergelesses
168
What climats of Corton are in Ladoix-Serrigny?
Le Rognet et Corton
Les Vergennes
Les Grand Lolieres
169
What famous vineyard is located with Le Rognet et Corton?
Clos des Corton Favieley - 2 ha Monopole of Faiveley
Not an official designation but allowed to be labeled
170
What the 5 1ers in Ladoix-Serrigny that allowed to be labeled as Aloxe-Corton?
La Coutière, La Maréchaude, La Toppe au Vert, Les Moutottes, and Les Petites Lolières
171
What are the two hamlets of Ladoix-Serrigny?
Ladoix
Serrigny
172
Where is the Fretille Hill and Bois de Noel?
Pernand-Vergelesses
173
What are the 1ers of Pernand-Vergelesses organized into and what is mostly in each?
Bois de Noel Hillside - Mostly red
Fretille Hill - Can only produce white
174
What percentage of production in Pernand-Vergelesses is red?
60%
175
What is the only estate in Burgundy to only grow Grand Cru vines?
Bonneau du Martray
176
Where is Louis Latour's headquarters?
Aloxe-Corton
177
Of the 350 hectares, how many in Savigny-les-Beaune are planted to red?
300 ha
178
What are the best 1ers in Savigny-les-Beaune?
Aux Serpentieres
Les Vergelesses
179
How many 1eres are in Chorey-les-Beaune?
0
180
What percentage of Beaune vineyards are 1er?
Why?
85%
Urban sprawl of Beaune has diminished village level vineyards
181
What are the two "mountains" in Beaune?
Montagne be Beaune - North
Montagne Saint Desire - South
182
What are the best 1ers in Beaune?
Les Bressandes
Les Grèves
Les Teurons
183
Where is the Cotes de Beaune AOP?
In the 300-370 meters elevation hills surrounding the Montagne de Beaune in the North
184
What four appellations can only produce Red wine in the Cote de Beaune?
Pommard
Volnay
Corton
Blagny
185
What stream runs through Pommard?
Dheune
186
What is and what causes the style of Pommard?
Water flow and erosion have deposited a higher percentage of iron rich clay creating a full-bodied sturdier wine
187
What are the best 1ers in Pommard?
- Les Grands Epenots
- Les Petits Epenots
- Clos des Epeneaux Comte Armand’s 5.2-ha monopole
- Les Rugiens Bas
188
What is considered the best 1er in Pommard?
Explain the labeling confusion
Les Rugiens Bas - Applied for Grand Cru status in 2011
Wines can be labeled Les Rugiens if combined with Les Rugiens Haut, which is an inferior site
189
Who ruled in Volnay giving many of the climats their names?
Capetians Duke of Burgundy - Built a chateau in the 11th century
190
What are the best 1ers in Volnay?
Les Caillerets
Champans
Clos des Chênes
Taillepieds
191
What climats can be called Volnay, located outside of the boundaries if they planted to Pinot Noir?
Where are they and how can they be labeled in Volnay?
- Les Santenots du Milieu 1er
- Les Santenots Blancs 1er
- Les Plures 1er
- Les Santenots Dessous
Meursault
Volnay 1er Cru Santenots
192
What are the best 1ers in Monthelie?
What do they border?
- Les Champs Fuillots
- Sur la Velle
Volnay's Clos des Chenes
193
What are the hamlets of Auxes-Duresses?
What river flows through village?
- Petite auxey
- Melian
Russeau des Cloux
194
What are the best 1ers in Auxey-Duresses?
- Climat du Val
- Clos du Val
195
How many premiere Crus are in Saint-Romain?
0
196
What is most produced in Auxey-Duresses?
Red - 66%
197
What is most produced in Saint-Romain?
White - 66%
198
What communes produced the most white wine in the Cote d'Or?
Meursault
199
What are the best 1ers in Meursault?
- Perrieres
- Clos des Perrieres, monopoleo of Albert Grivault
- Les Charmes
- Les Genevrieres
200
What 1ers can be called Meursault if white and Blagny if red?
- Sous Blagny
- La Jeunelotte
- La Piece sous le Bois
- Sous le Dos d'Ane
DOUBLE CHECK THIS ON COMPENDIUM
201
What percentage of Meursault is 1er?
25%
202
What is common among village bottlings in Meursault (and Marsannay)?
What are they called?
Labeling Lieu dits
Deuxiemes cru
203
List some important Deuxiemes cru
- Clos de la Barre Comtes Lafon’s monopole in the domaine’s backyard
- Le Tesson
- Les Tillets
- Les Narvaux
- Chaumes de Narvaux
204
What is the newest vineyard in Merusault?
Chaumes (Scrubland) planted in 90s
205
In 2012, how many hectares were declared as Blagny?
How many 1ers in Blagny
3.4 ha
4 in Meursault, 3 in Blagny (hamlet in Meursault)
206
Who first planted Montrachet and when?
Cistercians in 13th century - called "Mount Rachas"
207
What many producers own land in Montrachet?
18
ha=hectare = 10,000 m2 = 2.47 acres
a= are = 100 m2
ca - centiare - 1m2
**PLOTS IN CHASSAGNE-MONTRACHET**
**1. Ch. du Puligny Montrachet**
- 4a 28 ca . Vines planted north to south. Purchased by Etienne de Montille in 2012 from Societé Foncier Vignobles S.A.
**Domaine de la Romanée Conti (Three Plots)**
- 34 a 19 ca Vines planted east to west. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine, first one acquired in 1963 from Comte de Moucheron in Meursault (former Serre-Bernard estate)
- 16 a 70ca Vines planted north to south. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine. Third one acquired in 1980 from Roland Thevenin
- 16 a 70ca . Vines planted north to south. One of three parcels owned by the Domaine, second acquired in 1965 from Monsieur Roizot of the former Draper estate.
**3. Domaine des Comtes Lafon**
- 31.82 a Vines planted east to west.
- Domaine Jacques Prieur (2 Plots)
- 20a90ca. West side plot just above on hill. Vines planted north to south.
- 37 a 38 ca. Lower plot. Vines running east to west.
**4. Domaine Leflaive**
- 8a25ca. Vines planted north to south.
**5. Domaine Thénard (2 Plots)**
- 74a 61ca. Vines planted east to west. The second largest owner in the vineyard. Second parcel. Mainly élevé and sold by Maison Roland Remoissenet et Fils.
- 1ha08a70ca. Chassagne-Montrachet. Vines planted east to west. Mainly élevé and sold by Maison Roland Remoissenet et Fils.
**6. M Amiot Guy et Mme Monnot Jean-Claude (2 plots)**
- 6 a 35 ca Tiny plot with vines planted in 1920, running north to south.
**7. M Colin Marc (4 plots, clustered together)**
- .03 ha, .01 ha, .01 ha, .03 ha
**8. Mlle Petitjean Claudine**
- 5 a 42 ca
**9. Mme Blain-Gagnard Claudine**
- 7 a 83 ca . Vines planted north to south.
**10. Mme Fontaine-Gagnard Laurence**
- 7a81ca. Vines planted north to south.
**11. Mr. Fleurot René**
- 4 a 05 Vines planted north to south.
**PLOTZ IN PULIGNY-MONTRACHET**
**12. Marquis De Laguiche Jean**
- 2.06 ha. Vines planted east to west. Vinified and marketed by Joseph Drouhin. Largest land owner.
**13. Maison Bouchard Père et Fils**
- 88a 94 ca Vines planted east to west.
**14. Mm Ramonet Noël et Jean-Claude**
- 25a 90ca Vines planted east to west. Pierre Ramonet purchased 0.26 hectares of Montrachet from the Milan and Mathey-Bachelet families in the spring of 1978
**15. Guillaume**
- 26 a 66 ca. . Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.
**16. Guillaume (Boillerault de Chauvigny)**
- 13 a 33 ca. Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.
**17. Regnault de Beaucaron**
- 26a 66ca Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.
**18. Mme De Surville**
- 13 a 33 ca. Vines planted east to west. Supplies most to Louis Latour, Louis Jadot and O. Leflaive Frères.
208
What are the best 1er in Puligny-Montrachet?
- Le Cailleret
- Les Demoiselles - Parcel within Le Cailleret touching Chevalier & Montrachet
- Les Pucelles
- Champ Canet
- Les Combettes
209
What producer makes all 4 Grand Cru in Puligny?
Leflaive
210
Who owns the largest part of Montrachet?
Marquis de Laguiche - 2 ha, 25%
211
What Grand Crus are in Chassagne-Montrachet?
- Le Montrachet
- Batard Montrachet
- Criots-Batard Montrachet- Only one that is 100% is Chassagne - 1.6 ha smallest White Grand Cru in Burgundy
212
What are the 1er and village of Chassagne-Montrachet level soils often best suited to grow and why?
- Pinot Noir due to red clay soils
- Julie Lavalle’s selection of modern premiers crus Morgeot, Clos Pitois, and Clos Saint-Jean as tête de cuvée—for red wines
213
When did Chassagne become more heavily planted to Chardonnay?
After WWII
214
What are the best 1ers in Chassagne?
- Clos-Saint-Jean
- Les Chaumes
- Les Verges
- Les Chenevottes
- Les Encegnieres
- Blanchot-Dessus
215
What is the hamlet of Saint-Aubin?
What percentage of Saint-Aubin is premiere cru?
Gamay
- 75%
216
What are the best 1ers in Saint-Aubin?
- En Remilly
- Les Murgers des Dents de Chien
- La Chanteniere
217
What is the hamlet of Santenay?
What is Santenay's most famous landmark?
What percentage of production is white?
Saint-Jean
Chateau de Santenay - home of Valois Duke Philip the Bold
20%
218
Where is Remingy and what is it's significance?
Commune with vineyards located in Santenay AOP and Chassagne-Montrachet AOP but is the only commune NOT within Cote d'Or department
219
What are the best 1ers in Santenay?
- Les Gravieres
- Clos de Tavannes
220
What are the 3 communes in Maranges from west to east?
- Dezize-lès-Maranges
- Sampigny-lès-Maranges
- Cheilly-lès-Maranges
221
What are the best 1ers in Maranges?
- Le Croix Moines
- Clos de la Boutiere - Edmund Monnot monopole
222
What are where is Cote du Couchois?
A small region granted subregional status in 2000 as a geographic designation of Bourgogne AOP
Neither in Cote d'Or or Chalonnaise
223
How long is the Cote Chalonnaise?
When did Cote Chalonnaise become a geographic designation of Bourgogne AOP?
25 km
1990 - Cote Chalonnaise is NOT it's own AOP
224
What is authorized for Bourzeron?
What is the most famous estate?
When did Bourzeron become an AOP?
Aligote - 100%
Aubert de Villaine - DRC
1998
225
What is most produced in Rully?
What is it known for on a regional level?
When did Rully become an AOP?
What communes are included?
70% White
Center of Cremant de Bourgogne production
1939
Rully & Chagny
226
What are the original 1ers in Mercurey dating back to 1943?
- Clos Marcilly
- Clos Voyens
- Le Clos du Roy
- Les Fourneaux
- Les Montaigus
227
What is the majority of production in Mercurey?
Pinot Noir - 85%
228
What is the largest production commune in Cote Chalonnaise?
Mercurey - 650 ha - over double Rully, 2nd largest
229
What is most produced in Givry?
Pinot Noir
230
What are the communes of Motagny?
- Buxy
- Jully-les-Reux
- Montagny-les-Buxy
- Saint-Vallerin
231
Where does the Macon rank in white wine production?
What is the most planted red?
2nd
Gamay
232
How many communes can append their name to Macon?
27
233
What are the village AOPs of Macon?
Pouilly-Fuissé
Pouilly-Loché
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Saint-Véran
Viré-Clessé
234
What and where are the Rock of Solutre and Vergisson?
Large limestone enscarpments in the Macon
235
La Moutonne overlaps what two Grand Crus in Chablis?
VAUDESIR AND PREUSES
236
Chapelot, Cote de Brechain, and Pied d’Aloup can all be labeled as what major vineyard?
MONTEE DE TONNERRE
237
Identify the following vineyards of Chablis as “Left Bank” or “Right Bank”
a. Vau de Vey
b. Montmains
c. Les Fourneaux
d. Fourchaume
e. Vaucoupin
a. Vau de Vey - Left Bank
b. Montmains – Left Bank
c. Les Fourneaux – Right Bank
d. Fourchaume – Right Bank
e. Vaucoupin – Right Bank
238
What Grand Crus are bottled by Domaine Francois Raveneau?
LES CLOS, BLANCHOT, AND VALMUR
239
In 2014, Domaine Billaud Simon was purchased by...
DOMAINE FAIVELY
240
The Grand Crus of Chablis are bookended by what two Premier Cru Vineyards?
VAULORENT(FOURCHAUME) & MONTEE DE TONNERRE
241
How large is a piece? And a feuillette?
228L, 132L
242
Clos des Bougerots lies within what greater vineyard?
BOUGROS, BY WILLIAM FEVRE
243
Montmains is encapsulates what two, smaller vineyards?
FORETS & BUTTEAUX
244
What is the largest Premier Cru is Chablis?
FOURCHAUME AS IT INCLUDES COTE DE FONTENAY, L’HOMME MORT, VAULORENT, AND VAUPULENT
245
Which AOP is permitted to make White, Rose, and Red wine in the Cote de Nuits?
MARSANNAY AOP
246
Identify which AOP the following Clos are located within.
a. Clos de Tavannes
b. Clos du Fonteny
c. Clos des Boucheres
d. Clos Sorbe
e. Clos des Chenes
f. Clos des Epeneaux
g. Clos Napoleon
Identify which AOP the following Clos are located within.
a. Clos de Tavannes – Santenay
b. Clos du Fonteny – Gevrey-Chambertin
c. Clos des Boucheres – Meursault
d. Clos Sorbe – Morey-Saint-Denis
e. Clos des Chenes – Volnay
f. Clos des Epeneaux – Pommard
g. Clos Napoleon – Fixin
247
Clos des Fourches is a declassified village wine from what Premier Cru?
CLOS DE LA MARACHALE
248
Which of the Grand Crus in Gevrey-Chambertin may also be labeled as Charmes-Chambertin Grand Cru? What about bottled as Chambertin Grand Cru?
MAZOYERES-CHAMBERTIN, CHAMBERTIN CLOS DE BEZE
249
List the Grand Cru monopoles, and their owners, of the Cote d’Or.
LA TACHE
ROMANEE CONTI
LA GRAND RUE
LA ROMANEE
CLOS DE TART
List the Grand Cru monopoles, and their owners, of the Cote d’Or.
LA TACHE – DRC
ROMANEE CONTI – DRC
LA GRAND RUE – DOMAINE (FRANCOIS) LAMARCHE
LA ROMANEE – DOMAINE LIGER-BELAIR
CLOS DE TART – ARTEMIS (FRANCOIS PINAULT), PREVIOUSLY MOMMESSIN
250
"With the exception of Michel Gros’ monopole ‘Clos des Reas’ (and La Combe Brulee), every Premier Cru in (blank) and (blank) borders a Grand Cru climat.”
VOSNE ROMANEE AND FLAGEY ECHEZEAUX
251
Name a producer of varietal Pinot Blanc from Burgundy.
HENRI GOUGES, BOURGOGNE PINOT BLANC & NSG 1ER LA PERRIERE
252
What is the only Premier Cru vineyard in the Cote d’Or that lies east of RN74?
CLOS DES GRANDES VIGNES, LIGER-BELAIR MONOPOLE
253
What is the only Grand Cru that has its vineyards running North-South rather than East-West?
CLOS DE TART
254
Identify the village in which the following Premier Cru vineyards reside.
a. Narbantons
b. Les Greves
c. Sous Fretille
d. La Toppe au Vert
e. La Truffiere
f. Les Proces
Identify the village in which the following Premier Cru vineyards reside.
a. Narbantons – Savigny-Les-Beaune
b. Les Greves – Beaune
c. Sous Fretille – Pernand Vergelesses
d. La Toppe au Vert – Aloxe-Corton
e. La Truffiere – Puligny Montrachet
f. Les Proces – Nuits Saint George
255
Name the five landowners of Clos Saint-Jacques.
ARMAND ROUSSEAU, BRUNO CLAIR, JEAN-MARIE FOURRIER, LOUIS JADOT, AND SYLVIE ESMONIN
256
Who bottles the wine pictured above?
ARMAND ROUSSEAU
257
Name a Premier Cru monopole in Morey-Saint-Denis AOP.
CLOS DE LA BUSSIERE, ROUMIER
258
Cros Parantoux, following Henri Jayer’s death, is currently owned by (Blank) & (Blank)
EMMANUEL ROUGET & MEO CAMUZET
259
Which of the following vineyards in Meursault was rated Premiere Cuvee in the 1855 Lavalle Classification?
PERRIERES
260
What is the southernmost AOP in the Cote d’Or?
MARANGES
261
In the 1855 Lavalle Classification of the Cote d’Or, which vineyards in Chassagne-Montrachet were awarded the designation Tete de Cuvee for white wine production?
NONE, TETE DE CUVEE WAS AWARDED TO VINEYARDS FOR RED WINE PRODUCTION.
CLOS-MORGEOT, CLOS-SAINT-JEAN, AND CLOS-PITOIS.
262
What Grand Cru does this bottling come from?
CHEVALIER-MONTRACHET, BOUCHARD IS THE LARGEST LANDOWNER
263
The best Premier Cru and Grand Cru vineyards sit at what average elevation range?
250-350m(820-980ft) ASL
264
Wines labeled as Cote de Nuits-Villages may have fruit pulled from what communes of production?
FIXIN AND BROCHON IN THE NORTHERN SECTION AND PREMEAUX-PRISSEY, CORGOLOIN, AND COMBLANCHIEN IN THE SOUTH
265
Which commune in the Cote Chalonnaise has not been awarded with a Premier Cru vineyard?
BOUZERON
266
"The largest producer in Montagny – and the entire Cote Chalonnaise – is the (Blank), the local cooperative”
CAVE DE BUXY
267
Which commune is considered to be the heart of Cremant de Bourgogne production?
RULLY
268
In addition to Chardonnay and Pinot (Noir/Gris/Blanc), the grapes (blank), (blank), (blank), (blank) are also approved for white wine production in the Chalonnaise
ALIGOTE, MELON DE BOURGOGNE, SACY, AND GAMAY
269
Which AOPs in the Chalonnaise produce white wine only?
MONTAGNY AND BOUZERON
270
T/F. The Maconnais produces the largest amount of white wine in Burgundy.
FALSE, IT IS SECOND TO CHABLIS
271
Name the sub-zones of Pouilly Fuisse.
CHAINTRE, FUISSE, SOLUTRE-POUILLY, AND VERGISSON
272
Identify the AOP marked “A”.
POUILLY VINZELLES
273
What is Levroute?
SPECIFICALLY FROM VIRE CLESSE, INTERCHANGABLE WITH DEMI SEC.
274
Identify the producer of this wine.
GUFFENS-HEYNAN
275
Chagny, a commune within the (Blank) AOP, is home to three-star Michelin restaurant Maison Lameloise
RULLY
276
What famous AOP, in the Cote d’Or, produces soft cheese from cow’s-milk?
EPOISSE AOP
277
