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Flashcards in Burkholderia Deck (14)
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1
Q

B. mallei general characteristics

A

Nonencapsulated

  • nonmotile rod
  • aerobic
  • oxidase and catalase positive
  • reduces nitrates
  • nonhemolytic
2
Q

B. mallei is an ______ of equidae

A

Obligate pathogen

  • causes glanders = systemic pyogranulomatous infection
  • only important in Asia
  • highly contagious, characterized by tubercles that ulcerate (nasal, pulmonary, and skin)
3
Q

Disease in horses

A

Chronic with episodic fever

  • nasal: ulcerative nodules on mucosa of nasal septum and lower turbinates, purulent hemorrhagic nasal discharge
  • respiratory: distress and turbercle lesions in lung
  • cutaneous: lymphangitis with nodules in lymphatic vessels of the limbs, ulcers
4
Q

Chronically infected animals

A

May die after several months or recover and continue to shed B. mallei from the skin or respiratory tract

5
Q

Acute form

A

Septicemia with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, respiratory signs
- death within a few weeks

6
Q

Transmission

A

Acquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected horses
- less commonly acquired via inhalation or skin abrasion

7
Q

Nodular lesions

A
  • initially neutrophils, fibrin, and RBCs
  • neutrophils degenerate and central necrotic area becomes surrounded by granulation tissue with epithelioid cells and lymphocytes
  • ulceration typically occurs near skin surface
8
Q

Disease in accidental hosts

A

Fatal septicemia

  • acquired from infected horses
  • localized infection: regionally confined on skin or mucosal membrane
  • pulmonary infection
  • septicemic glanders can be transient or fulminant and fatal
9
Q

Who are accidental hosts?

A

People, cats, dogs

10
Q

Is B. mallei eradicated in North America?

A

Yes

  • skin testing (DTH) with mallein
  • equine imports from endemic areas are tested and euthanized if positive
11
Q

______ was one of the first biowarfare weapons

A

B. mallei

- used in WW1 by germans

12
Q

B. psuedomallei

A

Motile by polar flagella

  • saprophyte, ubiquitous in tropical environments
  • prevalence is unaffected by elimination of infected animals
13
Q

P. psuedomallei disease

A

Melioidosis

  • wide host range
  • suppurative or granulomatous nodules throughout tissues
  • chronic course with progressive emaciation = death
  • transmitted through ingestion, wound infection, possibly arthropod bites
  • human transmission via consumption of contaminated animal products or airborn
14
Q

Disease is typically ______

A

Systemic