BURNNNNNNS 🤪🤪🤪🤪🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the main types of burn injury aetiology?
Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Radiation, Cold Injuries, Inhalation
These categories help classify the causes of burn injuries.
What is the most common cause of thermal injuries?
Scalding from hot liquids/vapors
This type of burn is particularly prevalent in children.
What are the three types of thermal injuries?
- Contact
- Scalding
- Flame
Each type has different sources and characteristics.
What injuries are associated with electrical burns?
Contact with current, such as open wiring or lightning
Electrical burns require different management compared to other types.
What are common sources of chemical burns?
Strong acids and alkalis, including household cleaners
These can cause significant tissue damage.
What types of radiation can cause burn injuries?
UV exposure, occupational sources, and medical sources
Radiation burns can occur from various external sources.
What is frostbite?
A type of cold injury resulting in freezing and tissue damage
This occurs due to intracellular fluid refreezing.
What are signs of inhalation injuries?
- Burns in closed space
- Facial burns, singed hair
- Sooty sputum, brassy cough
- Voice changes, stridor
- Erythema/blistering in mouth/pharynx
These symptoms may indicate airway compromise and the need for intubation.
What are the three zones of burn injury?
- Zone of Coagulation
- Zone of Stasis
- Zone of Hyperemia
Each zone has different characteristics regarding circulation and tissue viability.
What is the classification for a 1st-degree burn?
Epidermis only
This type of burn is superficial and usually heals quickly.
What is the healing time for superficial burns?
Approximately 2 weeks
Healing times can vary based on burn depth.
What is a full thickness burn?
A burn that affects the entire skin, including epidermis and dermis
This type requires grafting for healing.
What is the Rule of Nines used for?
Estimating Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) affected by burns
This helps classify the severity of burn injuries.
What defines a major burn according to TBSA?
> 30% TBSA
This classification helps guide treatment and management strategies.
What physiological changes occur after a burn injury?
- Increased capillary permeability
- Increased water loss
- Increased metabolic rate
- Immunosuppression
These changes can complicate recovery and management.
What are the special considerations for pediatric burn patients?
- Thinner skin
- Higher surface area-to-weight ratio
- More fluid/heat loss
- Airway difficulty
- Immature immune system
These factors increase the risk and severity of burns in children.
What complications can arise from burn injuries?
- Systemic: Neurogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, septic shock, renal failure, SIRS/MOF, respiratory failure
- Local: Infection, contractures, scarring
Early and late complications can significantly affect recovery.
What are common causes of death in burn injuries?
- Airway issues: Facial/airway edema
- Breathing issues: Toxic inhalation, smoke inhalation
- Circulatory issues: Failure to resuscitate, MI, renal failure
These factors highlight the critical nature of airway and breathing management.
What is the first step in emergency burn care?
Stop the burn process
This is crucial to prevent further tissue damage.
How should a burn be cooled according to emergency care principles?
With 15–18°C tap water for 10–20 minutes
Ice should not be used due to the risk of hypothermia.
What are the admission criteria for burn patients?
- Burns to face, hands, feet, genitalia, joints
- Full thickness burns
- Electrical/lightning burns
- Inhalation requiring intubation
- Chemical burns with deep/extensive involvement
- Children TBSA >8%; Adults >15%
These criteria help determine the need for specialized care.
What is the formula for fluid replacement in burn patients?
4 cc × kg × %TBSA
This formula helps calculate the required fluid volume for resuscitation.
What is the timing for fluid replacement in the first 24 hours post-burn?
- 1st 8 hrs: ½ total
- 2nd 8 hrs: ¼ total
- 3rd 8 hrs: ¼ total
Proper timing is essential for effective fluid resuscitation.
What is recommended for pain relief in burn patients?
Strong analgesics such as morphine or pethidine
Pain management is crucial for patient comfort and recovery.
