burns

Question 1

prevention strategies for burn injuries

Answer 1

Nurses must play an active role in the prevention of burn injuries by education regarding prevention concepts and promoting safety legislation

Question 2

what are the different burn types

Answer 2

thermal, chemical, smoke & inhalation injury, and electrical burns

Question 3

Thermal burn caused by?

Answer 3

• flame
• flash
• scald
• contact with hot objects

Question 4

Thermal burn: prevention

Answer 4

*Advise that matches and lighters be kept out of the reach of children.

*Emphasize the importance of never leaving children unattended around fire or in bathroom/bathtub.

Question 5

most common type of burn injury?

Answer 5

thermal burn

Question 6

severity of thermal burn injury depends on?

Answer 6

• temperature of burning agent
• duration of contact time

Question 7

chemical burn

Answer 7

-

Question 8

chemical burn: prevention

Answer 8

chart 57-1 coome back to

Question 9

smoke & inhalation injury

Question 10

smoke & inhalation injury: prevention

Answer 10

Educate about the installation and maintenance of smoke and CO detectors on every level of the home and changing batteries annually on birthday.

Question 11

electrical burns

Question 12

electrical burns: prevention

Question 13

Differentiate between partial-thickness and full-thickness burns.

Answer 13

• 2nd degree burn = partial thickness
• 3rd degree burn= full thickness

Question 14

tools used to determine the severity of burns

Answer 14

These factors include age of the patient; depth of the burn; amount of surface area of the body burned; the presence of inhalation injury; presence of other injuries; location of the injury in areas such as the face, the perineum, hands, or feet; and the presence of comorbid conditions.

Question 15

tools used to estimate TBSA of burn injury.

Answer 15

Various methods are utilized to estimate the TBSA affected by burns; among them are the rule of nines, the Lund and Browder method, and the palmer method. These tools assist the treatment team in making decisions about the plan of care, which may include transfer of the patient to a burn center.

Question 16

rule of nines

Question 17

the Lund and Browder method

Question 18

the palmer method

Question 19

Identify criteria for transfer to a burn center

Question 20

Burn Injuries: complications r/t pre-existing comorbidity

Answer 20

• Pre-existing heart, lung, and kidney diseases contribute to poorer prognosis + Increased demands placed on body due to burn
• Diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease contribute to poor healing and gangrene (especially—foot/leg burns)
• Physical weakness (from chronic disease) makes a patient less able to recover such as : Alcoholism / Drug abuse / Malnutrition

Question 21

Describe the local and systemic effects of a major burn injury

Question 22

Compare priorities of care and potential complications for each phase of burn recovery

Question 23

Plan fluid replacement requirements during the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury

Question 24

Discuss the nurse’s role in burn wound management during the acute/intermediate phase of burn care.

Question 25

Use the nursing process as a framework of care for the patient with burns.

Question 26

Recognize the psychosocial challenges associated with burn injuries and identify strategies for intervention

Question 27

Burn Injuries: population at highest risk?

Answer 27

Young children and the older adults are at high risk for burn injuries - Thinner skin at both ends of the age spectrum leads to deeper burns with more complications. This is an important factor when determining the severity of injury and potential outcomes for the patient.

Question 28

Burn Injuries: most commonly occur where?

Answer 28

Most burns occur in the home (MC) and work settings

Question 29

treatment of patients with severe burns include

Answer 29

critical-care management, fluid resuscitation, nutrition, surgical débridement, wound coverage, and antimicrobial therapies

Question 30

débridement

Answer 30

removal of foreign material and devitalized tissue until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed

Question 31

Note to take: The largest proportion of burns, 41%, was reported as flame related, 35% were scalds, 10% were from direct source contact, 3% were electrical, 3% were chemical contact, 3% were inhalation only, and the remaining 5% were from unspecified or miscellaneous categories.

Question 32

burn depth: classes

Question 33

First-degree burns

Answer 33

- are superficial injuries that involve only the outermost layer of skin. - These burns are painful and erythematous, but the epidermis is intact; if rubbed, the burned tissue does not separate from the underlying dermis (known as a negative Nikolsky’s sign) - A typical first-degree burn is a sunburn or superficial scald burn.

Question 34

Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns

Answer 34

- involve the entire epidermis and varying portions of the dermis. - They are painful and typically associated with blister formation. - Healing time depends on the depth of dermal injury, typically ranging from 2 to 3 weeks. - Hair follicles and skin appendages remain intact. - The wound bed is moist due to serous leakage from the peripheral microcirculation.

Question 35

Third-degree (full-thickness) burns

Answer 35

- involve total destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and, in some cases, damage of underlying tissue. - Wound color ranges widely from pale white to red, brown, or charred. - The deeply burned area lacks sensation because the nerve fibers are damaged. - The wound appears leathery and dry due to the destruction of the microcirculation. Skin organelles such as hair follicles and sweat glands may be affected. - The severity of this burn is often deceiving to patients because they have no pain in the injury area

Question 36

Fourth-degree burns

Answer 36

(deep burn necrosis) are those injuries that extend into deep tissue, muscle, or bone