Burns Flashcards
1st degree
superficial burn
2nd degree
partial/deep partial
blistering common
usually healt w/in 1 wk w/o scarring
3rd degree
“direct flame”
full thickness involving:
blood vessels, fat
may destroy hair follicles and nerves endings
may cause coagulation issues and scarring
types of burns
thermal burns
chemical burns
electrical burns
radiation burns
local responses to burn injuries
edema
fluid loss
circulatory stasis
tissue repair
systemic responses to burn injuries
decreased perfusion (circulatory) anemia renal issues gastric issues: curling ulcer metabolism growth changes
complications of burn pt
pulmonary damage
wound sepsis
curling ulcer
CNS
acute burn management
24-48h
emergent phase
resuscitative phase
management burn phase
completion of adequate resuscitation through wound coverage
rehabilitative phase
begins once the majority of the wounds have healed; rehab is predominant focus
emergent phase
smother fire, cover burned area w/sterile bandage, rinse w/cool water NEVER ice transport to medical facility NPO until assessed provide reassurance
management phase
Minor Burns (< 10% TBSA) usually outpatient wound care teach parents about wound care and follow up care Moderate Burns (10-20% TBSA) Hospitalization Major Burns (>20%TBSA) Hospitalization in burn unit
important nursing care
Establish and maintain airway Prevent heat loss Fluid balance and adequate hydration Prevent infection Pain management Promote nutrition Dressings and ointments
fluid balance
Parkland formula - 2 – 4 ml/kg x TBSA goal: 0.5-1 ml/kg/hour in children weighing under 30 kg 30ml/hour for child weighting > 30kg indwelling catheter
types of grafts
autograft - taken from another part of body
allograft - taken from another human
xenograft - take from another species
