Burns and wounds Flashcards
(47 cards)
4 types of burns
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation
_ burn is caused by passage of electrical current through the body. Typically there is an _ and an _ wound. Complications can include cardiac _, respiratory _, _ failure, _ damage, and _.
ELECTRICAL
Typically there is an ENTRANCE and an EXIT WOUND
Complication can include: cardiac ARRYTHMIAS, respiratory ARREST, RENAL failure, NEUROLOGICAL damage and FRACTURES.
_ burn occurs when certain compounds come in contact with the body. The reaction will _ until the compound is _ and the _ of _. Give examples of common compounds?
CHEMICAL BURN
The reaction will CONTINUE until the compound is DILUTED at the SITE OF CONTACT
Examples: HCL, SULFURIC ACID, LYE AND GASOLINE
_ burn is caused by conduction or convection. Examples?
THERMAL BURN
Examples: steam, boiling water, fire
_ burn occurs most commonly with exposure to external radiation therapy. _ is altered in exposed tissues and _ injury may be irreversible. Possible complications?
RADIATION
DNA is altered in exposed tissue and ISCHEMIC injury may be irreversible.
Possible complications include: severe blistering, non- healing wounds, tissue fibrosis, permanent discoloration and new malignancies.
What are the 3 zones of injury
Zone of Coagualation
Zone of Stasis
Zone of Hyperemia
Zone of _ is the area of the burn that received the most sever injury with irreversible cell damage.
Zone of COAGULATION
The zone of _ is the are of less severe nary that possesses reversible damage and surrounds the zone of coagulation.
The zone of STASIS
The zone of Hyperemia is the area surrounding the zone of _ that presents with _, but will _ _ without _ or _ damage.
Is the area surrounding the zone of STASIS that presents with INFLAMMATION, but will FULLY RECOVER without INTERVENTION or PERMANENT damage
How are burns classified?
By the depth of tissue destruction
5 classifications of burns
Superficial burn Superficial partial-thickness burn Deep partial-thickness burn Full- thickness burn Sub dermal burn
What classification is being described: involves the epidermis and upper portion of the dermis. May be extremely painful and exhibit blisters. Healing occurs with _ to _ _ within 5-21 days.
Superficial partial-thickness burn
Healing occurs with MINIMAL TO NO SCARRING within 5-21 days
What classification is being described: Involves complete destruction of the epidermis no the majority of the dermis. Involved area may be discolored with broken blisters and edema. Damage to nerve endings may result in? _ or _ _ may occur in the absence of _. Healing occurs in?
DEEP PARTIAL- THICKNESS BURN
Damage to nerve endings may result in MODERATE PAIN LEVEL
KELOID OR HYPERTROPHIC SCARRING may occur
Healing occurs in 21-35 days
What classification is being described: involves the complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. May involve _ and _ and as a result often requires multiple _ _ and _ _ time.
SUBDERMAL BURN
May involve MUSCLE AND BONE and as a result often requires multiple SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS AND EXTENSIVE HEALING time.
What classification is being described: involves the outer layer epidermis. Involved area may be red with slight edema. Healing occurs _ _ or evidence of _ in - days.
SUPERFICIAL BURN
Healing occurs WITHOUT PEELING or evidence of SCARRING in 2-5 days.
What classification is being described: complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis along with partial damage to the subcutaneous fat layer. Involved area typically presents with _ formation and _ pain. Require? Are susceptible to?
FULL-THICKNESS BURN
Involved area typically presents with ESCHAR formation and MINIMAL pain
Requires SKIN GRAFT
Are susceptible to INFECTION
Healing time with full thickness burns?
Varies significantly with smaller areas healing in a matter of weeks with or without grafting, and larger areas requiring grafting and potentially months to heal
Rule of 9’s: Head and neck account for what percent? Genital region?
Head and neck= 9%
Genitals= 1%
Rule of 9’s: Anterior trunk accounts for what percentage? Posterior trunk?
Both are 18% each (total of 36% for entire trunk including anterior & posterior surfaces)
Rule of 9’s: Arms account for what percent?
Each arm is worth 9% total (front= 4.5%; back=4.5%)
Bilateral front/back of arms=9%
Bilateral arms, front and back= 18%
Rule of 9’s: legs make up what percentage?
Each leg is 18% total (9% front; 9% back)
Bilateral front/ back of legs = 18%
Bilateral legs, front and back= 36%
How do the child (under 1 year of age) values for burns differ from the adult values? How is it adjusted each year after? At what age do adult values apply?
Under 1 year of age: 9% is taken from the lower extremities and added to head & neck (LE= 9% (4.5% front/ back) and neck/ head=18%)
Each year of life 1% is distributed back to the lower extremities (ex. Age 4 LE: 9% + 1%(3 years)= 12% for each LE (6% front, 6% back)
Adult values apply at age 9
What type of topical agent used in burn care is being described: Can be used with/ without dressings, painless, can be applied directly to wound, broad-spectrum, and effective against yeast. However it does not penetrate into eschar.
SILVER SULFADIAZINE
What type of topical agent for burns is being described: broad-spectrum, non-allergenic, and painless dressing application. However it has poor penetration, discolors- making assessment difficult, can cause severe electrolyte imbalance, and dressing removal is painful*.
Silver nitrate
