BUS220 - Week 2

Question 1

Difficulties in Managing Data

Answer 1

–Amount of data increases exponentially.
–Data are scattered and collected by many individuals using various methods and devices.
–Data come from many sources.
–Data security, quality and integrity are critical.
–An ever-increasing amount of data needs to be considered in making organizational decisions.
–Huge quantities must be kept for a long time
–Data are scattered across locations in an organization
–External data must be included to support decision making
Review:
–Huge quantities must be kept for a long time
–Data are scattered across locations in an organization
–External data must be included to support decision making
–Data security, quality and integrity are essential but difficult to ensure

Question 2

Describe the data lifecycle.

Answer 2

–Data is acquired from internal, external and personal sources
–Data is converted into the format required for a data warehouse and/or data mart
–Data is analyzed with data analysis and data mining tools
–The results is generation of decision support and knowledge that provides solutions to organizational problems.
–In short, data is transformed into knowledge and solutions

Question 3

.Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

Answer 3

Wisdom
^
Knowledge
^
Information
^
Data

Data is foundation

Question 4

Database management system

Answer 4

(DBMS) provides all users with access to all the data.

Question 5

DBMSs minimize the following problems

Answer 5

–Data redundancy
–Data isolation
–Data inconsistency

Question 6

DBMSs maximize the following issues:

Answer 6

–Data security
–Data integrity
–Data independence

Question 7

Data Hierarchy

Answer 7

Bit
Byte
Field
Record
File (or table)
Database

Question 8

Designing the Database

Answer 8

–Entity
–Attribute
–Primary key
–Secondary keys

Question 9

entity-relationship (ER) modeling.

Answer 9

Database designers plan the database design

Question 10

ER diagrams consists of

Answer 10

consists of entities, attributes and relationships.
–Entity classes
–Instance
–Identifiers

Question 11

What is a data model?

Answer 11

–A diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationships to each other

Question 12

What are primary and secondary keys?

Answer 12

–A primary key is the field in a record that uniquely identifies that record so it can be retrieved, updated and stored.
–A secondary key is any other field that has some identifying information but typically does not identify the specific record.

Question 13

BIS/220 – INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATION AND SYSTEMS
24
What is an entity?

Answer 13

–An entity is a person, place, thing or event about which information is maintained.

Question 14

What is a relationship?

Answer 14

–A relationship is the way in which entities are associated with each other.

Question 15

Name the three types of entity relationships.

Answer 15

–One to one
–One to many
–Many to many

Question 16

Database Management Systems

Answer 16

Database management system (DBMS)
Relational database model
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Query by Example (QBE)

Question 17

Normalization

Answer 17

method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form for:
–Minimum redundancy
–Maximum data integrity
–Best processing performance
Normalized data is when attributes in the table depend only on the primary key
-Normalization Produces Order

Question 18

Data Warehousing

Answer 18

–Data warehouses are organized by business dimension or subject.
–Data warehouses are multidimensional.
–Data warehouses are historical.
–Data warehouses use online analytical processing.

Question 19

Benefits of Data Warehousing

Answer 19

End users can access data quickly and easily via Web browsers because they are located in one place.
End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in ways that may not have been possible before.
End users have a consolidated view of organizational data.

Question 20

Data Marts

Answer 20

A data mart is a small data warehouse, designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or a department.

Question 21

Data Governance

Answer 21

Data governance
Master data management
Master data

Question 22

Knowledge Management

Answer 22

Knowledge management (KM)
Knowledge
Intellectual capital (or intellectual assets)

Question 23

Knowledge Management (continued)

Answer 23

Explicit Knowledge (above the waterline)
Tacit Knowledge
(below the waterline) (Iceberg Picture, just the tip shows for explicit knowledge)
Knowledge management systems
–Use of information technologies to systematize, enhance, and expedite intra-firm and inter-firm knowledge management.
Best practices
–The most effective and efficient ways of doing things.

Question 24

Connected computers:

Answer 24

Work together
Are interdependent
Exchange data with
each other

Question 25

Network Applications - Discovery

Answer 25

``` Discovery –Search Engine –Meta-Search Engine –Foreign Language Translation –Portals ```

Question 26

Network Applications - Communications

Answer 26

–E-mail –Web-based Call Centers –VOIP

Question 27

Network Applications - Collaboration

Answer 27

``` –Virtual collaboration –Workflow technologies –Groupware –Teleconferencing –Videoconference –Web conferencing –Real-time collaboration tools ```

Question 28

Network Applications - web services

Answer 28

–eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML) –Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) –Web Services Description Language (WSDL) –Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Question 29

Describe the three network applications that we discussed in this section and the tools and technologies that support each on

Answer 29

–Discovery: search engines, meta-search engines, sites with material in foreign languages and portals –Communications: emails, call centers, chat rooms and VoIP –Collaboration: workflow technologies, groupware, teleconferencing and whiteboards.

Question 30

(RSS)

Answer 30

Really Simple Syndication

Question 31

Web 2.0 websites are interactive

Answer 31

–AJAX: Allows portions of Web pages to reload without reloading the entire page. –Tagging: Allows user to place information in multiple overlapping associations vs rigid categories. –Blogs: Websites open to the public where the site creator expresses his or her feelings and opinions. –Wikis: Site in which anyone can post material and make changes to other material. –RSS: Allows users to receive information they want when they want it without having to surf thousands of websites. –Podcasts: Digital audio file distributed over the Web –Videocasts: Digital video file distributed over the Web

Question 32

Benefits of E-Learning

Answer 32

Self-paced learning increases content retention. Online materials deliver high-quality, current content. Students have the flexibility of learning from any place at any time at their own pace. Learning time generally is shorter, and more people can be trained due to faster training time. Training costs can be reduced.

Question 33

Drawbacks of E-Learning

Answer 33

Instructors may need training to be able to teach electronically. The purchase of additional multimedia equipment may be necessary. Students must be computer literate and may miss the face-to-face interaction with instructors. There are issues with assessing students’ work, as instructors really do not know who completed assignments.

Question 34

Telecommuting

Answer 34

allows workers to work anytime and anyplace. | BIS/

Question 35

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce, EC)

Answer 35

Pure versus Partial Electronic Commerce depends on the degree of digitization involved. –Brick-and-mortar organizations –Virtual organizations –Click-and-mortar organizations

Question 36

E-Business

Answer 36

``` Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Business-to-Business (B2B) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Business-to-Employee (B2E) E-Government Mobile Commerce (m-commerce) ```

Question 37

Benefits of E-Commerce

Answer 37

Benefits to organizations –Makes national and international markets more accessible –Lowering costs of processing, distributing, and retrieving information Benefits to customers –Access a vast number of products and services around the clock (24/7/365) Benefits to Society –Ability to easily and conveniently deliver information, services and products to people in cities, rural areas and developing countries.

Question 38

Limitations of E-Commerce

Answer 38

Technological Limitations –Lack of universally accepted security standards –Insufficient telecommunications bandwidth –Expensive accessibility Non-technological Limitations –Perception that EC is unsecure –Unresolved legal issues –Lacks a critical mass of sellers and buyers

Question 39

Define e-commerce and distinguish it from e-business

Answer 39

E-commerce describes buying and selling of products, services and information via computer networks, primarily the Internet. –E-business expands the definition of e-commerce to include more than buying and selling, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and conducting electronic transactions within and organization. BIS/

Question 40

Types of electronic commerce

Answer 40

–Business-to-consumer: B2C involves companies directly selling to consumers over the Internet. –Business-to-business: B2B occurs when two or more businesses make transactions electronically –Consumer-to-Consumer: C2C occurs when consumers transact business over sites which allow direct selling of goods or services to other consumers, such as eBay.com or other auction sites. –Business-to-employee: B2E occurs when an employer using electronic commerce internally to provide information and services to its employees such as training, discounted insurance, travel packages and tickets to events.

Question 41

E-government

Answer 41

Describes the use of Internet technology in general and e-commerce in particular to deliver information and public services to citizens, public employees, business partners, and suppliers.

Question 42

Forward Auction

Answer 42

Used by sellers as a selling channel to many potential buyers. Buyers competitively bid on the item until the auction closes with the highest bidder winning

Question 43

Reverse Auction

Answer 43

The buyer seeks to buy a product or service and suppliers submit bids. Generally, the lowest priced bidder wins.

Question 44

Drivers of today’s online advertising

Answer 44

``` The emergence of “communitainment.” The increasing popularity of Usites. Mainstreaming of the Internet. Declining usage of traditional media. Fragmentation of content consumption. Consumers are multitasking and they do not like ads. ```

Question 45

Communitainment

Answer 45

–Blending of community, communication, and entertainment into a new form of online activity •Social networking, video, and photo sharing sites –Driven by consumers –Consumers will shift more than 50% of their content consumption over the next decade to communitainment formats (Piper Jaffray, 2007) •Displacing traditional forms of media content like TV, magazines, and large Internet sites. This trend presents a major challenge for advertisers Why? Google it! - combination of communication and entertainment

Question 46

Eight types of sites

Answer 46

Portals: most popular; best for reach but not targeting - Search: second largest reach; high advertising value - Search: second largest reach; high advertising value - Commerce: high reach; not conducive to advertising - Entertainment: large reach; strong targetability - Community: emphasize being a part of something; good for specific advertising - Communications: not good for branding; low targetability - News/weather/sports: poor targetability - Games: good for very specific types of advertising

Question 47

Electronic Payments

Answer 47

``` Electronic payment systems enable you to pay for goods and services electronically. Electronic checks (e-checks) Electronic credit cards Purchasing cards Electronic cash Stored-value money cards Smart cards Person-to-person payments ```

Question 48

Ethical and Legal Issues

Answer 48

Ethical Issues Privacy Disintermediation

Question 49

Electronic Payments

Answer 49

``` Electronic payment systems enable you to pay for goods and services electronically. Electronic checks (e-checks) Electronic credit cards Purchasing cards Electronic cash Stored-value money cards Smart cards Person-to-person payments ```

Question 50

Legal Issues Specific to E-Commerce

Answer 50

``` Fraud on the Internet Domain Names Domain Tasting Cybersquatting Taxes and other Fees Copyright BIS/ ```

Question 51

customer relationship management (CRM)

Answer 51

It costs six times more to sell to a new customer than to sell to an existing one. A typical dissatisfied customer will tell 8-10 people. By increasing the customer retention rate by 5%, profits could increase by 85%. Odds of selling to new customers = 15%, compared to the odds of selling to existing customers (50%) 70% of complaining customers will remain loyal if their problem is solved

Question 52

Tenets of CRM

Answer 52

One-to-one relationship between a customer and a seller. “Treat different customers differently.” Keep profitable customers and maximize lifetime revenue from them.

Question 53

Operational CRM-Two major components of operational CRM:

Answer 53

Customer-facing applications | Customer-touching applications

Question 54

Customer-Touching Applications

Answer 54

Search and comparison capabilities Technical and other information and services Customized products and services Loyalty programs

Question 55

Customer-Facing Applications

Answer 55

Customer service and support Sales force automation Marketing Campaign management

Question 56

Analytical CRM

Answer 56

systems analyze customer behavior and perceptions in order to provide actionable business intelligence.

Question 57

Types of Software-System control programs

Answer 57

* System support programs * System utilities * System performance monitors * System security monitors

Question 58

Types of Software-–Operating system (Windows 7, Linux)

Answer 58

* Multitasking/multiprogramming * Multithreading * Multiprocessing * Virtual Memory * Graphical user interface (GUI) * Social interface

Question 59

Types of Software - applications

Answer 59

–Proprietary application software –Contract software –Off-the-shelf application software Package

Question 60

Programming Languages

Answer 60

First-generation language or Machine Language Second-generation language or Assembly language Third-generation language or Procedural language Fourth-generation language or Non-procedural language Visual programming languages

Question 61

Object-Oriented Languages

Answer 61

``` Hypertext Hyperlinks Hypertext document Hypertext markup language (HTML) Extensible markup language (XML) ```