Business objectives and functions

Question 1

definition of an organisation?

Answer 1

a social arrangement for the controlled performance of collective goals which has a boundary separating it from its environment

Question 2

primary objective in profit making vs not for profit

Answer 2

maximise shareholder wealth vs provision of goods and services

Question 3

who are the primary stakeholders?

Answer 3

shareholders or partners

Question 4

what are secondary objectives?

Answer 4

objectives that support the primary objectives

Question 5

what other objectives might management pursue?

Answer 5

profit satisficing and revenue maximisation

Question 6

peter drucker- what should management be focused on? (8)

Answer 6

• market standing
• innovation
• productivity
• physical and financial resources
• profitability
• manager performance and development
• worker performance and development
• social responsibility

Question 7

the main direction of a business is set by what?

Answer 7

mission

Question 8

what are the elements of a mission (4)?

Answer 8

• why does the organisation exist- i.e for whose benefit? =PURPOSE
• what do we do and how do we do it? =STRATEGIES
• what do our people do and how do they do it?- POLICIES AND STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR
• what do we believe to be important- what are our core principles= VALUES

Question 9

Vision?

Answer 9

settting out their vision of the future state of the industry or business when determining whats its mission should be

Question 10

goals?

Answer 10

• mintzberg=the intentions behind decisions or actions

- a desired end result

Question 11

qualitative goals?

Answer 11

aims

Question 12

quantitative goals?

Answer 12

objectives

Question 13

objectives should be SMART

Answer 13

• specific
• measurable
• achievable
• relevant
• time bound

Question 14

what are plans?

Answer 14

state what should be done to achieve the operations objectives

Question 15

standards and targets?

Answer 15

specify a desired level of performance

Question 16

types of standards?

Answer 16

physical standard e.g. number of units produced, cost standard, quality standard

Question 17

how did french and raven (followed by charles handy) classify power?

Answer 17

-coercive= power of physical force or punishment
-reward= based on access to or control over value resources (can also be called resource power).
-legitimate (or position)
-expert power= based on experience and qualifications ]-referent/personal= based on force of personality or charisma
negative power= the power to disrupt operations

Question 18

Line manager?

Answer 18

has authority over a subordinate

Question 19

Staff manager?

Answer 19

has authority in giving specialist advice to another manager or department over which they have no line authority

Question 20

Functional manager?

Answer 20

has functional authority= a hybrid of line and staff authority e.g a brand manager will be able to demand that all departments write/design in a certain way

Question 21

Project manager

Answer 21

has authority over project team members in respect of the project in progress

Question 22

mintzbergs 3 key management roles

Answer 22

• the informational role
• the interpersonal role
• the decisional role

Question 23

the effectiveness of any given manager will be influenced by their

Answer 23

authority, autonomy, leadership

Question 24

what are likerts 4 basic leadership styles?

Answer 24

• exploitative
• benevolent -authoritative
• consultative
• participative

Question 25

likerts 4 characteristics of effective managers?

Answer 25

employee centered high standards but flexible in terms of methods natural delegators with high levels of trust encourage participative management

Question 26

ray quinns types of business cultures?

Answer 26

human relations- flexible and inward looking internal process culture- inward looking and control rational goal culture- control and outward looking open systems culture- flecibility and outward looking

Question 27

taylor's 3 assumptions about human behaviour at work?

Answer 27

-people are rational economic animals concerned with maximising their economic gain people respond as individuals, not groups people can be treated in a standardised fashion, like machines

Question 28

five 'principles' of scientific management -taylor

Answer 28

- determine the best way to do a task - select the best person to do it - train the worker to follow set procedure closely - give financial incentives to ensure the work is done in a prescribed way - give all responsibility to plan and organise work to the manager, not to the worker

Question 29

mcgregors theory x

Answer 29

individuals dislike work and avoid it where possible coercion, control and punishment are therefore needed individuals desire security

Question 30

mcgregors theory y

Answer 30

physical and mental effort in work is as natural as rest or play commitment to objectives is driven by rewards people learn to like responsibility

Question 31

herzbergs content theory?

Answer 31

-hygeine and motivating factors hygeine factors are like health and safety and being paid= are expected, if not present will demotivate motivating factors are concerned with the content of peoples jobs and need to be addressed to ensure motivation

Question 32

tuckman- 4 stages of group development

Answer 32

forming storming norming performing

Question 33

belbins theory said how many roles are in a team?

Answer 33

8

Question 34

the leader

Answer 34

co-ordinating and operating through others

Question 35

the shaper

Answer 35

committed to the task- may be aggressive and challenging but will also always promote activity

Question 36

the plant

Answer 36

thoughtful and thought provoking

Question 37

the evaluator

Answer 37

analytcially criticises others' ideas;brings teams down to earth

Question 38

the resource investigator

Answer 38

social type of person, tends to pick up others ideas and add to them

Question 39

the company worker

Answer 39

may tend to do administrative side, turns general ideas into specifics, practical and efficient

Question 40

the team worker

Answer 40

concerned with the relationships within the team; supportive and defuses potential conflict situations

Question 41

the finisher

Answer 41

the progress chaser ensuring that timetables are met

Question 42

what is the additional role that belbin suggested adding?

Answer 42

the speciailist= brought in from outside the team