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Business IGCSE > Business: Unit 2-People in Business > Flashcards

Business: Unit 2-People in Business Flashcards

1
Q

reasons people work

A

money- apy for needs and some wants

security- financial safety

affiliation-feel part of a group

self-importance- feel that your job is important

job satisfaction-feel pleasure when you’ve done a good job

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2
Q

motivation

A

feeling that makes employees want to work hard and effectively in a business

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3
Q

Maslow’s Motivational Theory

A
  1. physiological needs- food rest and shelter
  2. safety needs-protection against poverty
  3. social needs- friendship and belonging
  4. esteem-needs-high status
  5. self-actualisation- achieving full potential
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4
Q

Taylor’s Motivational Theory

A
  • > all individuals are motivate by personal gain

- >calculate how much output one produces a day- pay them more if they reach target output

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5
Q

Herzberg’s Motivational Theory

A 
HYGIENE(basic animal neeeds)
-status
-security
-work conditions
-relationships
-salary
MOTIVATOR(to be able to grow physiologically)
-achievement
-recognition
-personal growth
-promotion
-work itself
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6
Q

Financial Rewards(4)

A 
Wages-payment per work weekly
Time Rates-payment per hour
Piece Rates-payment per quantity of products made
Salaries-payment for work monthly
Bonus
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7
Q

Non-Financial Rewards

A 
Job rotation
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Job satisfaction
Fringe Benefits
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8
Q

Job enlargement vs Job enrichment

A

enlargement=more tasks

enrichment= increase in difficulty of tasks

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9
Q

organisational structure(definition and advantages 2)

A

-levels of management & division of responsabilities within a company

+employees can see their position and who has authority on them
+sense of belonging, motivating

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10
Q

advantages of wide organisational structure

A
  • faster&accurate communication
  • managers are more in touch wth subordinates
  • employees feel trusted & take more decisions
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11
Q

chain of command

A

structure that allows instructions to be passed down from 2 person to the other

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12
Q

subordinate

A

someone who is lower in rank, under a managers authority

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13
Q

span of control

A

number of subordinates directly under a manager

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14
Q

authority

A

recognised power to make decisions and delegate

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15
Q

delegation

A

process of giving authority to a subordinate to perform a task

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16
Q

role of management(6)

A 
planning
organising
co-ordinating
commanding
controlling 
delegating
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17
Q

leadership styles(definition)

A

different approaches peple have to deal with their authority

18
Q

autocratic leadership

A

Manager expects to be in charge of the business and expects to have their orders followed
+quick decision making
-no employee input

19
Q

democratic leadership

A

Manager allows subordinate to be involved in the decision-making process
+better decisions could result
-unpopular decisions can’t be made

20
Q

laissez-faire leadership

A

Manager makes broad objective for the employees and leaves them to make their own decisions
+employees show creativity and responsability
-doesn’t work in some organisations

21
Q

trade unions(definition, 3 advantages, 2 disadvantages)

A 
Group of workers joined together to protect their interests
 ADVANTAGES
\+improved conditions of employment
\+improved work environment
\+advice available

DISADVANTAGES

  • costs to be a member
  • you’re requiered to take action even if you don’t agree
22
Q

recruitment

A

process of identifying that a business needs someone to the point at which the vacancy is filled

23
Q

recruitment process(8 steps)

A
  1. vacancy arises
  2. job analysis
  3. job description
  4. job specification
  5. job advertised in the media
  6. application forms
  7. interviews and selections
  8. vacancy is filled
24
Q

Internal Recruitment(def,3adv,2dis)

A

Job is filled by existing employee

+saves money
+person already has knowledge baout business
+motivates other workers

  • doesn’t bring in new ideas
  • may create jealousy
25
Q

external recruitment

A

job is filled by someone who isn’t an existing employee

26
Q

part-time employment(4 adv, 3 disadv)

A

+flexible work hours
+business can ask employee to work at busy times
+lower pay
+reduces business cost

  • less likely to be trained
  • takes longer to recruit
  • might be less committed to the business
27
Q 
induction training
(definition, 3 advantages, 3 disadvantages)
A

carried when an employee is new

+hels new employee settle in new job
+might be a legal requirement
+wrker is less likely to make mistakes

  • time consuming
  • worker is paid while not doing work
  • delays the start of work
28
Q

on-the-job training

3 advantages, 3 disavantages

A

person is trained by watching a more experienced
co-worker

+worker doesn’t have to be sent away
+costs less
+training tailored to specific need

  • trainer might pass on bad habits
  • trainer isn’t as productive
  • training isn’t recognised outside business
29
Q

off-the-job training

3 advantages, 3 disadvantages

A

worker is trained away from work by specialised trainers

+many skills are taught
+makes employees more versatile
+learn from expert trainers

  • costs are high
  • wages paid but no work done
  • qualifications makes it easier for workers to leave
30
Q

workforce planning

A

when a business decides on the type/ number of employees neede in the future

31
Q

dismissal

A

a worker is told to leave the job due to their work or behaviour being unsatisfactory

32
Q

redundancy

A

number of employees are no longer needed, but given money to compensate

33
Q

Legal controls(4)

A

discrimination- when employers discriminate against age, race, gender, religion, disability

unfair dismissal-worker is dismissed unfairly(can go to industrial tribunal)

health&safety-laws to protect employees from dangerous machinery

wage protection-contract of employment needs to include hours of work, frequency of wages and others

34
Q

communication

A

occurs when a message is trasferred from one person to another that understands the context of a message

35
Q

internal communication

A

-between members of the same organisation

36
Q

external communication

A

-communications between other businesses

37
Q

effective communication

A

sender, medium of communication, receiver, feedback

38
Q

one-way communication vs two-way communciation

A

one way= receiver can’t respond to messages

two way= receiver can respond to messages

39
Q

verbal communication(eg, 3+, 3-)

A

face-to-face,telephone,video conferencing

+quick
+immediate feedback
+reinforced by seeing the speaker

  • not everybody mmight be paying attention
  • sometimes can take longer to receive feedback
  • sometimes written records are needed
40
Q

written communication( eg,4+,3-)

A

e-mails, letters

+evidence of message
+essential for certain meetings
+can be copied
+electronic communication is cheap and easy

  • direct feedback isn’t alway possible
  • no body language
  • not easy to check if message was received
41
Q

visual communication(e.g, 2+, 2-)

A

films, ppt,charts

+appealing&attractive info
+clears up written message through diagrams

  • no feedback
  • difficult to interpret

Business IGCSE (5 decks)

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