Business: Unit 2-People in Business

Question 1

reasons people work

Answer 1

money- apy for needs and some wants

security- financial safety

affiliation-feel part of a group

self-importance- feel that your job is important

job satisfaction-feel pleasure when you’ve done a good job

Question 2

motivation

Answer 2

feeling that makes employees want to work hard and effectively in a business

Question 3

Maslow’s Motivational Theory

Answer 3

1. physiological needs- food rest and shelter
2. safety needs-protection against poverty
3. social needs- friendship and belonging
4. esteem-needs-high status
5. self-actualisation- achieving full potential

Question 4

Taylor’s Motivational Theory

Answer 4

• > all individuals are motivate by personal gain

- >calculate how much output one produces a day- pay them more if they reach target output

Question 5

Herzberg’s Motivational Theory

Answer 5

HYGIENE(basic animal neeeds)
-status
-security
-work conditions
-relationships
-salary
MOTIVATOR(to be able to grow physiologically)
-achievement
-recognition
-personal growth
-promotion
-work itself

Question 6

Financial Rewards(4)

Answer 6

Wages-payment per work weekly
Time Rates-payment per hour
Piece Rates-payment per quantity of products made
Salaries-payment for work monthly
Bonus

Question 7

Non-Financial Rewards

Answer 7

Job rotation
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Job satisfaction
Fringe Benefits

Question 8

Job enlargement vs Job enrichment

Answer 8

enlargement=more tasks

enrichment= increase in difficulty of tasks

Question 9

organisational structure(definition and advantages 2)

Answer 9

-levels of management & division of responsabilities within a company

+employees can see their position and who has authority on them
+sense of belonging, motivating

Question 10

advantages of wide organisational structure

Answer 10

• faster&accurate communication
• managers are more in touch wth subordinates
• employees feel trusted & take more decisions

Question 11

chain of command

Answer 11

structure that allows instructions to be passed down from 2 person to the other

Question 12

subordinate

Answer 12

someone who is lower in rank, under a managers authority

Question 13

span of control

Answer 13

number of subordinates directly under a manager

Question 14

authority

Answer 14

recognised power to make decisions and delegate

Question 15

delegation

Answer 15

process of giving authority to a subordinate to perform a task

Question 16

role of management(6)

Answer 16

planning
organising
co-ordinating
commanding
controlling 
delegating

Question 17

leadership styles(definition)

Answer 17

different approaches peple have to deal with their authority

Question 18

autocratic leadership

Answer 18

Manager expects to be in charge of the business and expects to have their orders followed
+quick decision making
-no employee input

Question 19

democratic leadership

Answer 19

Manager allows subordinate to be involved in the decision-making process
+better decisions could result
-unpopular decisions can’t be made

Question 20

laissez-faire leadership

Answer 20

Manager makes broad objective for the employees and leaves them to make their own decisions
+employees show creativity and responsability
-doesn’t work in some organisations

Question 21

trade unions(definition, 3 advantages, 2 disadvantages)

Answer 21

Group of workers joined together to protect their interests
 ADVANTAGES
\+improved conditions of employment
\+improved work environment
\+advice available

DISADVANTAGES

• costs to be a member
• you’re requiered to take action even if you don’t agree

Question 22

recruitment

Answer 22

process of identifying that a business needs someone to the point at which the vacancy is filled

Question 23

recruitment process(8 steps)

Answer 23

1. vacancy arises
2. job analysis
3. job description
4. job specification
5. job advertised in the media
6. application forms
7. interviews and selections
8. vacancy is filled

Question 24

Internal Recruitment(def,3adv,2dis)

Answer 24

Job is filled by existing employee

+saves money
+person already has knowledge baout business
+motivates other workers

• doesn’t bring in new ideas
• may create jealousy

Question 25

external recruitment

Answer 25

job is filled by someone who isn't an existing employee

Question 26

part-time employment(4 adv, 3 disadv)

Answer 26

+flexible work hours +business can ask employee to work at busy times +lower pay +reduces business cost - less likely to be trained - takes longer to recruit - might be less committed to the business

Question 27

``` induction training (definition, 3 advantages, 3 disadvantages) ```

Answer 27

carried when an employee is new +hels new employee settle in new job +might be a legal requirement +wrker is less likely to make mistakes - time consuming - worker is paid while not doing work - delays the start of work

Question 28

on-the-job training | 3 advantages, 3 disavantages

Answer 28

person is trained by watching a more experienced co-worker +worker doesn't have to be sent away +costs less +training tailored to specific need - trainer might pass on bad habits - trainer isn't as productive - training isn't recognised outside business

Question 29

off-the-job training | 3 advantages, 3 disadvantages

Answer 29

worker is trained away from work by specialised trainers +many skills are taught +makes employees more versatile +learn from expert trainers - costs are high - wages paid but no work done - qualifications makes it easier for workers to leave

Question 30

workforce planning

Answer 30

when a business decides on the type/ number of employees neede in the future

Question 31

dismissal

Answer 31

a worker is told to leave the job due to their work or behaviour being unsatisfactory

Question 32

redundancy

Answer 32

number of employees are no longer needed, but given money to compensate

Question 33

Legal controls(4)

Answer 33

discrimination- when employers discriminate against age, race, gender, religion, disability unfair dismissal-worker is dismissed unfairly(can go to industrial tribunal) health&safety-laws to protect employees from dangerous machinery wage protection-contract of employment needs to include hours of work, frequency of wages and others

Question 34

communication

Answer 34

occurs when a message is trasferred from one person to another that understands the context of a message

Question 35

internal communication

Answer 35

-between members of the same organisation

Question 36

external communication

Answer 36

-communications between other businesses

Question 37

effective communication

Answer 37

sender, medium of communication, receiver, feedback

Question 38

one-way communication vs two-way communciation

Answer 38

one way= receiver can't respond to messages | two way= receiver can respond to messages

Question 39

verbal communication(eg, 3+, 3-)

Answer 39

face-to-face,telephone,video conferencing +quick +immediate feedback +reinforced by seeing the speaker - not everybody mmight be paying attention - sometimes can take longer to receive feedback - sometimes written records are needed

Question 40

written communication( eg,4+,3-)

Answer 40

e-mails, letters +evidence of message +essential for certain meetings +can be copied +electronic communication is cheap and easy - direct feedback isn't alway possible - no body language - not easy to check if message was received

Question 41

visual communication(e.g, 2+, 2-)

Answer 41

films, ppt,charts +appealing&attractive info +clears up written message through diagrams - no feedback - difficult to interpret