business unit 3 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is Organization Structure?
The system of tasks, workflow and reporting relationships, and communication channels that link together diverse individuals and groups
Formal Structures
the formal structure is the official structure of the organization
organization chart is a diagram identifies the following aspects of formal structure
division of work
supervisory relationships
communication channels
major subunits
levels of management
Informal Structures
a “shadow” organization made up of the unofficial, but often critical, working relationships between organization members
Traditional Organization Structures
people with similar skills and performing tasks are grouped together into formal units
members work in their functional areas of expertise
often used for the small organizations producing few products or services
Divisional Structures
Group together people who work on the same product or process, serve similar customers, and/or are located in the same area or geographical region
Common in complex organizations
Attempt to avoid problems associated with functional structures
Matrix Structure
Combines functional and divisional structures to gain advantages and minimize disadvantages of each
Used in:
Manufacturing
Service industries
Professional fields
Non-profit sector
Multinational corporations
Team Structures
extensively use permanent and temporary teams to solve problems, complete special projects, and accomplish day - to - day tasks
often use cross - functional teams composed of members from different functional departments and are disbanded once completed
Network Structures
a central core that is linked through networks of relationships with outside contractors and suppliers if essential services
own only core components and use strategic alliances or outsourcing to provide other components
Boundaryless Organizations
eliminate internal boundaries among sub systems and external boundaries with external environment
a combination of team and network structures, with the addition of temporariness
Shorter Chains of Command
being “streamlined” by cutting unnecessary levels of management
Less Unity of Command
more cross-functional teams
Wider Spans of Control
responsible for a larger number of subordinates
More Delegation and Empowerment
process of entrusting work to others by giving them the right to make decisions and take action
assign responsibility, grant authority to act, and create accountability
delegation leads to empowerment
Decentralization with Centralization
CENTRALIZED is the concentration of authority for making most decisions at the top levels of organization
DECENTRALIZED is the dispersion of authority to make decisions throughout all levels of the organization
Reduced Use of Staff 🡪 Specialized Staff, Personal Staff
organizations are reducing staff size
organizations are seeking increased operational efficiency by employing fewer staff personnel and smaller staff unit
HR Management Process
attracting a quality workforce
human resource planning, recruitment and selection
developing a quality workforce
employee orientation, training and performance appraisal
maintaining a quality workforce
carer development, work-life balance, compensation and benefits and labour- management relations
discrimination in employment
occurs when someone is denied a job or job assignment for reasons that are not job relevant
employee equity
is the right to employment without rehard to race, colour, national origion, religion, gender, age, sexual orientation, pregnancy, or physocal or mental ability
canadian human rights act 1977
Current Legal Issues in Human Resource Management 🡪 Sexual Harassment, Comparable Worth, Independent Contractors, Workplace Privacy
sexual harrasement
equal oay and comparable worth
pregnancy dsicriminatio
legal status of independent contractors -> not covered by some employment -> not covredby some employee laws
work place privacy
HR Planning 🡪 Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification
attracting a qualified workforce
human resource planning, recruiting and selection
developing a quality workforce
employee orientation, training and performance appraisal
maintaining a quality workforce
career development, work-life balance, compensation and benefits and labor-management relations
Recruiting Process 🡪 External and Internal Recruitment
Recruitment: Activities designed to attract a qualified pool of job applicants to an organization
Steps in the recruitment process:
Advertisement of a job vacancy
Preliminary contact with potential job candidates
Initial screening to create a pool of qualified applicants
Employee Orientation
Activities designed to familiarize new employees with their jobs, coworkers, and key aspects of the organization
what is training
provides the opportunity to acquire and improve job- related skills
what is on the job training
job rotation- people switch tasks to learn multiple jobs
