Buzz Words Flashcards
(341 cards)
0
Q
Bence Jones Proteins
A
Multiple Myeloma
1
Q
AML
A
Auer Rods
2
Q
Reed-Sternberg Cells
A
Hodgkins Lymphoma
3
Q
Philadelphia Chromosome
A
CML
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
4
Q
Howell-Jolly Bodies
A
asplenism
D/t sickle cell anemia
5
Q
Basophilic stippling
A
Beta thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning
6
Q
Ringed Sideroblasts
A
Melodysplasia (MDS), alcoholism, lead poisoning
7
Q
Smudge cells
A
CLL
8
Q
Tear drop RBC
A
Myelofibrosis
9
Q
“Helmet cells” - schistocytes
A
HUS, TTP
10
Q
Christmas disease
A
Hemophilia B
X linked recessive disease, affects men
11
Q
Hypersegmented neutrophils
A
B12 or folate deficiency
12
Q
Prussian blue staining for ringed sideroblasts
A
Sideroblastic anemia
13
Q
Target cells
A
Liver disease, hemoglobinopathy or post splenectomy
14
Q
How do you reverse heparin?
A
Protamine sulfate
15
Q
Rouleaux formation (RBCs stacked like coins)
A
Multiple myeloma
16
Q
Myelodysplastic syndrome
A
Trilineage dysplasia and pancytopenia and cytogenic abnormality 5q,20q, monosomy 7
17
Q
Kayser-Fleischer rings
A
Wilson’s disease
18
Q
Horner’s Syndrome
A
Unilateral small pupil, mild ptosis with normal response to light and accommodation
19
Q
Adie pupil
A
Unilateral dilated pupil sluggish to direct light stimuli
20
Q
Argyll Robertson pupils
A
Bilateral irregularly shaped pupil, poorly reactive to light
21
Q
Marcus Gunn pupil
A
Constricts slower to direct light than consensual light
22
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
23
Q
Bamboo sign on radiograph
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
24
Finkelsteins sign
De Quervans Tenosynovitis
25
Sickle cell patient with osteomyelitis...what bug?
Salmonella
26
Osteoporosis
Demineralization of the spine and pelvis
27
Apprehension test
Patellofemoral syndrome
28
How to test for a meniscus tear?
McMurry/Appley test
29
How to test for ACL tear?
Lachman's test
30
How to test Achilles injury?
Thompsons test
31
Polymyositis
Proximal muscle weakness of insidious onset
32
Bouchards and Heberdens nodules
Osteoarthritis
33
Use frog leg imaging for...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
34
Reactive arthritis
"Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"
Conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
Caused by chlamydia
35
Mallory bodies
Alcoholic liver disease
36
Newborns who don't pas meconium > first 48 hours of life or at all, ribbon-like stool
Hirschsprung disease
37
"Currant jelly stool"
Intussusception
38
"Olive sign"
Pyloric stenosis
39
"String sign" on upper GI series
Pyloric stenosis
40
"Double bubble sign" on CXR in pedis
Duodenal atresia
41
Pancreatic carcinoma triad
Weight loss, jaundice, midepigastric pain
42
"Courvoiser's sign"
Palpable, non-tender gallbladder
Seen in pancreatic cancer
43
Sister Joseph node
Umbilical nodule
| Seen in advanced gastric adenoma
44
Pt went/is camping, possibly mentions drinking water or something to do with lake
Ends up with diarrhea
Think probable giardia and treat with flagyl
45
"Birds beak" on barium swallow study
Achalsia
46
"High-pitched" bowel sounds
Small bowel obstruction
47
"Apple-core" lesion
Colon cancer (seen on barium enema results)
48
Charcot's Triad
Ascending cholangitis
| RUQ pain, jaundice, fever
49
Pain out of proportion to exam
Mesenteric ischemia
50
Increased indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin
Consider Gilbert's syndrome
51
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Single or multiple hemartomas in GI tract with pigmented spots on lips, oral mucosa, face, and palms
(Associated risk for cancers of stomach, breast, lung, ovary, cervix)
52
Carcinoid tumor
Most frequent location is the appendix
Sxs: flushing, diarrhea, cramps, bronchospasm and valvular lesion of the right side of heart
More common in young patient
53
Treatment for migraines
-triptans! (Sumatriptan)
| Ergotamine
54
Thunder clap and/or meningeal signs
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
55
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Weakness in legs ascending upwards
56
"Dural tail"
Meningioma
57
Multiple Sclerosis common findings
Recurrent sensory abnormalities, blurred vision, weakness with or without spasticity
58
Myerson sign
Sustained eye blinking in response to repetitive tapping just above the nasal bridge
Seen in Parkinson's disease
59
"Stuck on" hyperpigmented lesions in elderly
Seborrheic Keratosis
60
Psoriasis dermatology findings
Silvery, scaly plaques, not itchy
61
Impetigo findings and treatment
Weeping, crusting, oozing and draining of skin
Tx: mupirocin
62
"Exclamation point hair"
Alopecia Areata
63
Yellowish scale-forming plaques
Think seborrheic dermatitis
64
Tense bullae on flexor surfaces
Bullous pemphigoid
65
Painful, erythematous, indurated nodules
Erythema Nodosum
66
Pearly papule with central ulceration and telangiectasis
Basal cell carcinoma
67
Oil spots, nail pitting, onycholysis, arthritis
Psoriasis
68
"Itch that rashes"
Atopic dermatitis
69
“Spaghetti and Meatballs”
Tinea versicolor
70
What uric acid level helps to confirm a diagnosis of gout?
>7.5
71
A pathology report comes back with positive
birefringent crystals. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Pseudogout
72
A positive Neer's test indicates what diagnosis?
Rotator cuff impingement
73
Anatomically where are 80% of clavicle fractures located?
Middle third
74
What ligament is most commonly injured in an ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATF)
75
There is a sunburst appearance on x-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Osteosarcoma
76
Necrotic lesion w/ blue halo around puncture site
Brown recluse spider bite
77
Velvety, hyperpigmented, papillomatous lesions of neck, axilla, and groin
Ancanthosis nigricans
78
Vascular, sessile, dome shaped lesion that bleeds easily
Pyogenic granuloma
79
Herald Patch
Pityriasis Rosea
| Remember - starts with herald patch, then disseminates
80
"Slapped cheek appearance"
Fifth dz or erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19)
81
Strawberry tongue
Strep
82
Lab uses chocolate agar for diagnosis
Gonorrhea
83
India Ink Prep (dark field)
Syphillis
84
Tzanck Smear
Herpes Simplex Virus
85
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
86
Gray, frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis
87
Clue Cells
Bacterial vaginosis
88
Whipple dz (Tropheryma whippelii)
fever, arthritis, malabsorption
89
Grey pseudomembranes of tonsils
corynebacterium diphtheriae
90
rash starts on the trunk and spreads, fever for 3 days followed by the rash after the fever disappears
Roseola
91
"Hot potato" voice, drooling in tripod position
Epiglottitis
92
Thumbprint sign
Epiglottitis
93
Pink Puffer (pursed lips)
Emphysema
94
Steeple sign
Croup
95
First line tx for sarcoidosis
Corticosteroids
96
Young AA woman w/ erythema nodosum & lymphadenopathy
Sarcoid!
97
Tx of TB
RIPE (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
98
Tx for bronchiolitis
humidified oxygen
99
Chemo agents associated with...?
pleural effusion
100
Atrial Flutter most common in...
COPD patients
101
Purulent, ‘foul-smelling’ sputum w/ digital clubbing
Bronchiectasis
102
Lace-like/reticular-nodular pattern on imaging
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
103
PCP treatment:
Metronidazole
104
Pertussis tx
Macrolide
105
Small cell lung carcinoma
central mass lesion, NON-CAVITARY, more common mets to brain (aka: oat cell)
106
Squamous cell lung carcinoma
central CAVITARY lesion
107
Non-caseating lung granuloma
Sarcoidosis
108
Eggshell calcification of hilar or mediastinal LN (on x-ray)
Chronic silicosis
109
URI followed by unconsciousness w/ elevated LFTs (no jaundice)
Reye's syndrome
110
Pellagra
(4 D's - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death), niacin [vitamin b3] deficiency
111
Echymoses, bleeding gums, petechiae, curly q hair
Vitamin C deficiency, scurvy
112
Diffuse vasculitis that SPARES THE LUNGS
Polyarteritis nodosa
113
Big CABG Indication
Ostial Left Main lesion
114
Mechanical Valve INR goal
2.5-3.5
115
Blowing holosystolic murmur LLSB
Tricuspid regurg
116
Roth spots, janeway lesions, osler's nodes
Endocarditis
117
Peripheral Artery Disease dx
Ankle brachial index < 1.0
118
"Knock" on auscultation
constrictive pericarditis
119
Boot Shaped Heart
TOF
120
Cobblestoning
Crohn's Dz
121
"Punched out" ulcers on a necrotic base
d/t chronic ARTERIAL insufficiency
122
edema, induration, pigmentation, and ulceration
d/t chronic VENOUS insufficiency
123
Egg on a string heart on x-ray
transposition of the great arteries (need PDA open)
124
Machinery like murmur
PDA (esp under the left clavicle)
125
Rib notching and 3 sign on x-ray
Coarc of aorta
126
Aortic Dissection
Widened mediastinum, difference in BP on arms, pain btwn scapula, "Ripping/tearing sensation"
127
"Pencil in a cup" deformity on xray of joint
Psoriatic arthritis
128
Reiter’s Syndrome
CHLAMYDIA
- Oligoarthritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Urethritis
- Mucocutaneous Lesions
129
HLA-B27
Reactive arthritis
130
Clean surgical procedure prophylaxis
Cefazolin, Vanc if cephalosporin allergic
131
Episodic headache + tachy + diaphoresis
Pheochromocytoma (elevated urine metanephrines too)
132
Insulin sensitizers
thiazolidinediones
133
Insulin secretagogues
sulfonylureas and meglitinides
134
Decrease hepatic output
biguanides
135
delay glucose absorption
glucosidase
136
always give this during thyroid issues to anyone who is pregnant!
PTU
137
“Steeple Sign”
Viral croup - pediatrics
138
“Egg on a string”
Transposition of Great Arteries
139
“Bulging fontanelle"
Meningeal sign in peds
140
most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, unable to contract and control bleeding
Uterine Atony
141
Endometriosis dx
Laparoscopy
142
Pitocin
given during incomplete abortion (or to get labor to progress/induction)
143
Recurrent Miscarriage
give progesterone, metformin
144
Gestational Diabetes
Insulin is always the drug of choice b/c it does not cross the placenta
145
pre-term labor
Cervical dilation >3 cm + 80% effacement + before 37 weeks
146
OCD Treatment
Clomiparine (Anafranil) or Sertraline (Zoloft)
147
Interstitial Cystitis tx
Amytriptyline 1st line therapy
148
Renal Cell Carcinoma
flank pain, abdominal mass, hematuria
149
PAD: 5 P’s
pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia, paralysis
150
Most common cause of pancreatitis
Alcohol or gallstones
151
Most common cause of arthritis
Osteoarthritis (>75% of cases)
152
#1 highest mortality rate cancer for males? females?
Males: Lung
Females: Lung
153
#1 highest incidence cancer for males? females?
Males: Prostate
Females: Breast
154
Sequelae of lung cancer
- Hemoptysis
- Horner syndrome
- superior vena cava syndrome
- phrenic nerve involvement
- hoarseness from laryngeal nerve involvement
- paraneoplastic syndromes (Cushing, SIADH, hyperca++, Eaton-Lambert syndrome)
155
Most sensitive test for MS
MRI
156
What do you find in an LP for MS?
Elevated IgG oligoclonal bands and myelin basic protein levels, mild elevation in lymphocytes and protein
157
Unconscious of delirious patient in ED with no hx or signs of trauma...what do you give them empirically?
Assume they are hypoglycemic, an alcoholic or they overdosed on opioids!
Give glucose, naloxone and thiamine
158
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
women who are "heavy, hirsute and amenorrheic"
most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
because of unopposed estrogen, higher risk of endometrial cancer
159
Fetal or neonatal macrosomia
MATERNAL DIABETES (unless proven otherwise)
Tx: diet and insulin (not oral agents)
160
Low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Down syndrome, inaccurate dates (most common!!!), fetal demise
161
High maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Neural tube defects (did they take their folic acid???), ventral wall defects (e.g., omphalocele, gastroschisis), inaccurate dates (most common) and multiple gestation
usually measured between 16-20 weeks gestation
162
Maternofetal monitoring: EARLY decelerations means...
probably normal and due to head compression
163
Maternofetal monitoring: VARIABLE decelerations means...
common and usually due to cord compression
tx: turn mother on her side, give O2 and fluids, stop oxytocin
164
Maternofetal monitoring: LATE decelerations means...
uteroplacental insufficiency, WORRISOME
tx: turn mother on her side, give O2 and IV fluids, stop oxytocin, measure fetal O2 sat or scalp PH and prepare for c-section stat
165
Third-trimester bleeding
ULTRASOUND!!!!!
in case placenta previa is present
and what is placenta previa...? (refer to other flash card)
166
Neonatal conjunctivitis
First 12-24 hours: think chemical reaction to prophylaxis drops
2-5 days after birth: think gonorrhea, usually prevented by prophylactic drops
5-14 days after birth: think chlamydia, usually NOT prevented by prophylactic drops
167
Uveitis
Signs and sxs: Photophobia, blurry vision, eye pain
Marker for systemic conditions such as:
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- sarcoidosis
- IBD
- AS
- Reiter syndrome
- MS
- Psoriasis
- Lupus
168
"Claw hand"
Elbow dislocation, affects ulnar nerve, trouble with finger abduction
169
Legg-Calve-Perthes Dz
4-10 y/o
Short male with delayed bone age
Signs and sxs: Knee, thigh, groin pain, limp
Tx: orthoses
170
Congenital hip dysplasia
At birth!
Epidemiology: Female, first-borns, breech delivery
Signs and sxs: Barlow and Ortolani signs
Tx: Harness
171
Barlow and Ortolani signs
congenital hip dysplasia
172
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
9-13 y/o
Overweight male, adolescent
Signs and sxs: Knee, thigh, groin pain and limp
Tx: Surgical pinning
173
When do you avoid lumbar puncture?
Patient with head trauma or signs of increased ICP
Perform CT scan without contrast instead
174
Pulsatile abdominal mass plus hypotension
Ruptured AAA until proven otherwise
IMMEDIATE LAPAROTOMY
90% mortality rate
175
Cryptorchidism
Main identifiable risk factor for testicular cancer
Can cause INFERTILITY
Tx: surgical retrieval and orchiopexy (or removal)
176
10/10 on Apgar score findings (maximum score)
| And when do you perform?
- HR >100 bpm = 2 pts
- Good, strong cry = 2 pts (good resp effort)
- Active motion = 2 pts (good mm tone)
- Grimace and strong cry, cough, and sneeze = 2 pts (reflex irritability tested by touching sole of foot or putting catheter in nose)
- Body pink, extremities blue = 2 pts
Perform at 1 and 5 min after birth
177
Complications of thiazide diuretics
- Calcium retention
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
- Hypovolemia
**Note any sulfa allergies!**
178
Complications of loop diuretics
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypovolemia
179
3 C's - cough, coryza, conjunctivitis w/ Koplik spot, starting on the head and moving down; palms/soles spared
Rubeola or measles
180
"Slapped cheek appearance"
Fifth dz or erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19)
181
Strawberry tongue
Strep
182
Lab uses chocolate agar for diagnosis
Gonorrhea
183
India Ink Prep (dark field)
Syphillis
184
Tzanck Smear
Herpes Simplex Virus
185
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
186
Gray, frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis
187
Clue Cells
Bacterial vaginosis
188
Whipple dz (Tropheryma whippelii)
fever, arthritis, malabsorption
189
Grey pseudomembranes of tonsils
corynebacterium diphtheriae
190
rash starts on the trunk and spreads, fever for 3 days followed by the rash after the fever disappears
Roseola
191
"Hot potato" voice, drooling in tripod position
Epiglottitis
192
Thumbprint sign
Epiglottitis
193
Pink Puffer (pursed lips)
Emphysema
194
Steeple sign
Croup
195
First line tx for sarcoidosis
Corticosteroids
196
Young AA woman w/ erythema nodosum & lymphadenopathy
Sarcoid!
197
Tx of TB
RIPE (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
198
Tx for bronchiolitis
humidified oxygen
199
Chemo agents associated with...?
pleural effusion
200
Atrial Flutter most common in...
COPD patients
201
Purulent, ‘foul-smelling’ sputum w/ digital clubbing
Bronchiectasis
202
Lace-like/reticular-nodular pattern on imaging
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
203
PCP treatment:
Metronidazole
204
Pertussis tx
Macrolide
205
Small cell lung carcinoma
central mass lesion, NON-CAVITARY, more common mets to brain (aka: oat cell)
206
Squamous cell lung carcinoma
central CAVITARY lesion
207
Non-caseating lung granuloma
Sarcoidosis
208
Eggshell calcification of hilar or mediastinal LN (on x-ray)
Chronic silicosis
209
URI followed by unconsciousness w/ elevated LFTs (no jaundice)
Reye's syndrome
210
Pellagra
(4 D's - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death), niacin [vitamin b3] deficiency
211
Echymoses, bleeding gums, petechiae, curly q hair
Vitamin C deficiency, scurvy
212
Diffuse vasculitis that SPARES THE LUNGS
Polyarteritis nodosa
213
Big CABG Indication
Ostial Left Main lesion
214
Mechanical Valve INR goal
2.5-3.5
215
Blowing holosystolic murmur LLSB
Tricuspid regurg
216
Roth spots, janeway lesions, osler's nodes
Endocarditis
217
Peripheral Artery Disease dx
Ankle brachial index < 1.0
218
"Knock" on auscultation
constrictive pericarditis
219
Boot Shaped Heart
TOF
220
Cobblestoning
Crohn's Dz
221
"Punched out" ulcers on a necrotic base
d/t chronic ARTERIAL insufficiency
222
edema, induration, pigmentation, and ulceration
d/t chronic VENOUS insufficiency
223
Egg on a string heart on x-ray
transposition of the great arteries (need PDA open)
224
Machinery like murmur
PDA (esp under the left clavicle)
225
Rib notching and 3 sign on x-ray
Coarc of aorta
226
Aortic Dissection
Widened mediastinum, difference in BP on arms, pain btwn scapula, "Ripping/tearing sensation"
227
"Pencil in a cup" deformity on xray of joint
Psoriatic arthritis
228
Reiter’s Syndrome
CHLAMYDIA
- Oligoarthritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Urethritis
- Mucocutaneous Lesions
229
HLA-B27
Reactive arthritis
230
Clean surgical procedure prophylaxis
Cefazolin, Vanc if cephalosporin allergic
231
Episodic headache + tachy + diaphoresis
Pheochromocytoma (elevated urine metanephrines too)
232
Insulin sensitizers
thiazolidinediones
233
Insulin secretagogues
sulfonylureas and meglitinides
234
Decrease hepatic output
biguanides
235
delay glucose absorption
glucosidase
236
always give this during thyroid issues to anyone who is pregnant!
PTU
237
“Steeple Sign”
Viral croup - pediatrics
238
“Egg on a string”
Transposition of Great Arteries
239
“Bulging fontanelle"
Meningeal sign in peds
240
most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, unable to contract and control bleeding
Uterine Atony
241
dystocia
abnomal progression of labor due to “power, passage, or passenger”
242
trophoblastic disease
Preeclampsia before 20 weeks
243
threatened abortion
Vagnial bleeding before 20 weeks
244
Goddell’s sign
softening of cervix beginning of 2nd month of pregnancy
245
Chadwick’s Sign
congestion of pelvic vasculatures causing bluish/purplish discoloration of vagina/cervix
246
Hegar’s sign
Widening of the softened area of the isthmus/compressability of isthmus on bimanual exam
247
McDonald’s Sign
Uterine body/cervix can be easily flexed against one another
248
Placenta Previa
PAINLESS 3rd trimester vaginal bleeding; digital examination CONTRAINDICATED, get a transvaginal U/S
249
Placenta Abrupto
PAINFUL 3rd trimester bleeding, premature partial or complete separation of the placenta from its normal implantation
250
Preeclampsia
TRIAD: HTN, proteinuria, edema---> if they have all of these + seizures, its ECLAMPSIA (definitive tx is delivery)
251
Placenta accreta
directly adheres to the myometrium without an intervening decidual layer
252
Endometriosis dx
Laparoscopy
253
Pitocin
given during incomplete abortion (or to get labor to progress/induction)
254
Recurrent Miscarriage
give progesterone, metformin
255
Gestational Diabetes
Insulin is always the drug of choice b/c it does not cross the placenta
256
pre-term labor
Cervical dilation >3 cm + 80% effacement + before 37 weeks
257
OCD Treatment
Clomiparine (Anafranil) or Sertraline (Zoloft)
258
Interstitial Cystitis tx
Amytriptyline 1st line therapy
259
Renal Cell Carcinoma
flank pain, abdominal mass, hematuria
260
PAD: 5 P’s
pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia, paralysis
261
Most common cause of pancreatitis
Alcohol or gallstones
262
Most common cause of arthritis
Osteoarthritis (>75% of cases)
263
#1 highest mortality rate cancer for males? females?
Males: Lung
Females: Lung
264
#1 highest incidence cancer for males? females?
Males: Prostate
Females: Breast
265
Sequelae of lung cancer
- Hemoptysis
- Horner syndrome
- superior vena cava syndrome
- phrenic nerve involvement
- hoarseness from laryngeal nerve involvement
- paraneoplastic syndromes (Cushing, SIADH, hyperca++, Eaton-Lambert syndrome)
266
Most sensitive test for MS
MRI
267
What do you find in an LP for MS?
Elevated IgG oligoclonal bands and myelin basic protein levels, mild elevation in lymphocytes and protein
268
Unconscious of delirious patient in ED with no hx or signs of trauma...what do you give them empirically?
Assume they are hypoglycemic, an alcoholic or they overdosed on opioids!
Give glucose, naloxone and thiamine
269
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
women who are "heavy, hirsute and amenorrheic"
most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
because of unopposed estrogen, higher risk of endometrial cancer
270
Fetal or neonatal macrosomia
MATERNAL DIABETES (unless proven otherwise)
Tx: diet and insulin (not oral agents)
271
Low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Down syndrome, inaccurate dates (most common!!!), fetal demise
272
High maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Neural tube defects (did they take their folic acid???), ventral wall defects (e.g., omphalocele, gastroschisis), inaccurate dates (most common) and multiple gestation
usually measured between 16-20 weeks gestation
273
Maternofetal monitoring: EARLY decelerations means...
probably normal and due to head compression
274
Maternofetal monitoring: VARIABLE decelerations means...
common and usually due to cord compression
tx: turn mother on her side, give O2 and fluids, stop oxytocin
275
Maternofetal monitoring: LATE decelerations means...
uteroplacental insufficiency, WORRISOME
tx: turn mother on her side, give O2 and IV fluids, stop oxytocin, measure fetal O2 sat or scalp PH and prepare for c-section stat
276
Third-trimester bleeding
ULTRASOUND!!!!!
in case placenta previa is present
and what is placenta previa...? (refer to other flash card)
277
Neonatal conjunctivitis
First 12-24 hours: think chemical reaction to prophylaxis drops
2-5 days after birth: think gonorrhea, usually prevented by prophylactic drops
5-14 days after birth: think chlamydia, usually NOT prevented by prophylactic drops
278
Uveitis
Signs and sxs: Photophobia, blurry vision, eye pain
Marker for systemic conditions such as:
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- sarcoidosis
- IBD
- AS
- Reiter syndrome
- MS
- Psoriasis
- Lupus
279
"Claw hand"
Elbow dislocation, affects ulnar nerve, trouble with finger abduction
280
Legg-Calve-Perthes Dz
4-10 y/o
Short male with delayed bone age
Signs and sxs: Knee, thigh, groin pain, limp
Tx: orthoses
281
Congenital hip dysplasia
At birth!
Epidemiology: Female, first-borns, breech delivery
Signs and sxs: Barlow and Ortolani signs
Tx: Harness
282
Barlow and Ortolani signs
congenital hip dysplasia
283
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
9-13 y/o
Overweight male, adolescent
Signs and sxs: Knee, thigh, groin pain and limp
Tx: Surgical pinning
284
When do you avoid lumbar puncture?
Patient with head trauma or signs of increased ICP
Perform CT scan without contrast instead
285
Pulsatile abdominal mass plus hypotension
Ruptured AAA until proven otherwise
IMMEDIATE LAPAROTOMY
90% mortality rate
286
Cryptorchidism
Main identifiable risk factor for testicular cancer
Can cause INFERTILITY
Tx: surgical retrieval and orchiopexy (or removal)
287
10/10 on Apgar score findings (maximum score)
| And when do you perform?
- HR >100 bpm = 2 pts
- Good, strong cry = 2 pts (good resp effort)
- Active motion = 2 pts (good mm tone)
- Grimace and strong cry, cough, and sneeze = 2 pts (reflex irritability tested by touching sole of foot or putting catheter in nose)
- Body pink, extremities blue = 2 pts
Perform at 1 and 5 min after birth
288
Complications of thiazide diuretics
- Calcium retention
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
- Hypovolemia
**Note any sulfa allergies!**
289
Complications of loop diuretics
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypovolemia, ototoxicity, calcium excretion
290
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor complications
metabolic acidosis
291
Postassium-sparing diuretic complications
hyperkalemia
292
Antidote for acetaminophen?
Acetylcycsteine
293
Antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors?
Atropine, pralidoxime
294
Antidote for digoxin?
Normalize K+ and other electrolytes; digoxin antiboties
295
Antidote for benzos?
Flumazenil
296
Antidote for beta blockers?
Glucagon
297
Antidote for opioids?
Naloxone
298
Antidote for muscarinic blockers?
Physostigmine
299
Central pontine myelinolysis
Brainstem damage and possibly death
| -may result from overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
300
Bitot spots
think vitamin A deficiency
301
Meconium ileus
think cystic fibrosis
302
Rectal prolapse
think cystic fibrosis
303
Malar rash on the face
think SLE
304
Cherry-red spot on macula, no hepatosplenomegaly
Tay-Sachs Dz
| deadly...ashkenazi jews
305
Clue cells
bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginalis infection)
306
Cafe-au-lait spots with mental retardation
McCune-Albright syndrome or tuberous sclerosis
307
Children who torture animals
Conduct disorder
308
Anaphylaxis from immunoglobulin therapy
IgA deficiency
309
Postpartum fever unresponsive to broad-spectrum abx
Septic pelvic thrombophelbitis
310
Sudden death in young athlete
think HOCM
311
Koilocytosis
HPV or cytomegalovirus
312
Facial port wine stains and seizures
Sturge-Weber syndrome
313
Charcot triad
1. fever/chills
2. jaundice
3. RUQ pain
+ for Cholangitis
314
Chvostek sign
Tapping on the facial nerve elicits tetany
+ for Hypocalcemia
315
Cullen sign
Bluish discoloration of flank
+ for pancreatitits with retroperitoneal hemorrhage
316
Homan sign
Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot
+ for DVT
317
McBurney sign
Tenderness at McBurney point
+ for appendicitis
318
Rovsing sign
Pushing on LLQ then releasing hand produces pain at McBurney point
+ for appendicitis
319
Prehn sign
Elevation of a painful testicle relieves pain
| + for epididymitis
rules out testicular torsion
320
Virchow triad
1. Stasis
2. Endothelial damage
3. Hypercoagulability
Risk factors for DVT
321
Leriche syndrome
Claudication and atrophy of the buttocks with impotence
+ for aortoiliac occlusive disease
322
Tinel sign
Tapping on the volar surface of the wrist elicits paresthesias
Carpal tunnel syndrome
323
Cushing reflex
Hypertension, bradycardia and irregular respirations
High intracranial pressure
324
Common causes of respiratory acidosis
COPD, asthma, drugs (opioids, benzos,barbiturates, ETOH and other resp depressants), sleep apnea, chest wall problems (paralysis/pain)
325
Common causes of metabolic acidosis
ETOH, diabetic ketoacidosis, uremia, lactic acidosis (e.g., sepsis, shock, bowel ischemia), methanol/ethylene glycol, aspirin/salicylate overdose, diarrhea and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
326
Common causes of respiratory alkalosis
anxiety/hyperventilation, aspirin/salicylate overdose
327
Common causes of metabolic alkalosis
diuretics (except carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), vomiting, volume contraction, antacid abuse/milk-alkali syndrome and hyperaldosteronism
328
Signs and sxs of hyponatremia?
- lethargy
- seizures
- mental status changes/confusion
- cramps
- anorexia
- coma
329
What med do you use to treat SIADH if water restriction fails?
Demeclocycline
| -induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
330
What is the classic cause ofh yponatremia in pregnant patients about to deliver?
Oxytocin
| -antidiuretic hormone-like effect
331
Hemophilia A
Prolonged aPTT
| Treat with cryoprecipitate or factor 8
331
Hemophilia B
Factor 9 deficiency
331
HIV + patient with ring lesions on MRI and constitutional sxs
Toxoplasmosis
Tx with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
Prophylactically treat with bactrim
331
What will a newborn weigh in 1 year?
Triple birth weight
331
Hordeolum
Stye
| Staph infection abscess of upper or lower eyelid
331
Chalazion
Granulomatous inflammation involving the meibomian gland
331
Dacrocystitis
Infection of the lacrimal gland 2/2 obstruction
331
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Pain and temp sensation
331
Ventral spinothalamic tract
Pressure and touch
331
Posterior column
Proprioception and vibration
