buzz words neuro block 2 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
HLA DQ1
A
Narcolepsy
2
Q
HLA D1B1 *0602
A
Narcolepsy
3
Q
EBV
A
Lymphoma in IC or AIDS pts
4
Q
GFAP +
A
Glioma
5
Q
pseudopalasading
A
Glioma
6
Q
B cells in CSF
A
Lymphoma
7
Q
Psammoma bodies
A
Meningioma
8
Q
Dural tail on MRI
A
Meningioma
9
Q
S100+
A
Schwanoma
10
Q
Bilateral acoustic neuroma
A
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2 gene)
11
Q
Ring lesion
A
metastases
12
Q
open ring lesion
A
demyelinating lesion
13
Q
Rosenthal fibers
A
Pediatric low grade glioma
14
Q
Trk C, Erb, C-myc, Neurotrophinin
A
Meduloblastoma
15
Q
Active sonic hedgehog pathway
A
Meduloblastoma
16
Q
Homer-wright rosette
A
Meduloblastoma
17
Q
Basilar artery engulfed
A
Brainstem glioma
18
Q
Perivascular pseudorosettes
A
Ependymoma
19
Q
Rod shaped blepharoplasts
A
Ependymoma
20
Q
Mollerat cells in CSF
A
HSV2 aseptic meningitis
21
Q
PML
A
think AIDS
22
Q
Bullet shaped on microscopy
A
Rhabdoviridae (rabes)
23
Q
Fear of water
A
Rhabdoviridae (rabes)
24
Q
Rodent feces
A
Arenaviridae (LCMV)
25
Sudden onset deafness
Arenaviridae (LCMV)
26
SaiD gene
N. meningititis
27
Pregnant + meningitis +
Listeria
28
Meningitis from unpasterurized meat and cheese
Listeria
29
Soap bubble lesion on brain
Cryptococcus Neoformans
30
Yeast halos in India Ink
Cryptococcus Neoformans
31
Australia
C. gattii
32
Black mold
Exserohilum Rostratum
33
PML
think AIDS and JCV
34
Canabalism
Kuru
35
Pituitary derived hGH
Iatrogenic CJD
36
Insomnia + ANS problems
Familial Fatal Insomnia
37
Contaminated beef in west europe or japan
Mad Cow (variant CJD)
38
"florid" plaques
Mad Cow (variant CJD)
39
Waterhouse friedrichson syndrome
Neisseria meningititis
40
16S ribosomal subunit in CSF
100% bacterial meningitis
41
IgM in CSF
W. Nile
42
Bulls eye rash
Lyme dz
43
Ixodes tic
Lyme dz
44
Non-painful chancre
Syphilis
45
Endarteritis obliterans
tertiary syphilis
46
+ FTA, + CSF VDRL
tertiary (neuro-) syphilis
47
Gummas
tertiary syphilis
48
Ulcerated cornea
Opthalmic varicilla zoster virus
49
HLA DR2
MS
50
scanning speech
drunk or MS
51
locked in syndrome
pontine hemorrhage
52
completely unresponsive pt w/ depressed vital signs
Phenobarbital OD
53
Drusen +
Dry Macular Degeneration
54
Black/white vison
Rods
55
Color vision
Cones
56
Type of cone responsible for red/green color-blindness if lost
L cones (X-chromosome)
57
electrical potential that stimulates photoreceptors
Hyperpolarization (only system that responds to hyperpolarization)
58
alpha ganglion cells .. location & project where?
predominate in peripheral retina (Rods) and project to magnocellular layer of Lat geniculate
59
Beta ganglion cells .. location & project where?
predominate in central retina (cones) and prject to parvocellular region of lat geniculate
60
MC dz (working age adults) where you lose all vision
Diabetic retinopathy
61
eyes pointed in different directions w/ no diplopia (amblyopia)
non-paralytic strabismus
62
eyes pointed in different directions w/ diplopia
paralytic (primary) strabismus
63
vertical/oblique diplopia w/ spontaneous head tilt to opposite side
CN IV palsy
64
amourosis fugax
1 eyed vision loss
65
gradual progressive loss of vision
think brain tumor
66
sudden loss of vision in 1 eye
vascular (adults) optic neuritis (kids) --> stroke
67
T/F visual loss caused by lesion posterior to LGN will be associated w/ abnormal pupillary reflex
F it will NOT be associated with abnormal pupillary reflex
68
Optic Neuritis
Early sign of MS
69
can't look at an object directly, must look to the side, and the color red is not bright
Optic neuritis
70
homonymous hemianopsia
Post chiasmal lesions; homonymous hemianopsia = e.g. can't see left side in either eye (field defect)
71
what do you look for in an optic disk exam
The 4CS: Color, Contour, Circumference, Cup size, Spontaneous venous pulsations
72
papilledema w/ inc ICP, normal protein, & no cellular rxn
pseudotumor cerebri
73
altitudinal hemianopsia w/ pale, swollen ischemia of the disc
Ischemic optic neuropathy
74
Cherry red macula
Central retinal artery occlusion
75
Flame hemorrhages
Central retinal artery occlusion
76
déjà vu / jamais vu
simple partial seizures
77
3Hz spike-wave discharges
Absence seizure
78
seizure with some crying
Tonic-clonic seizure
79
sudden unexplained death in epilepsy
Intractable epilepsy
80
tx of left vagus nerve stimulation
Intractable epilepsy
81
generalized convulsive persistant seizures
Status Epilepticus (SE)
82
seizure but no change on EEG
psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)
83
Stomach crunches
infantile seizures
84
Lightening attack
infantile seizures
85
MC childhood seizure
febrile seizure
86
2+ types of seizures, slow spike and wave on EEG, Mental status change (delay)
Lennox-Gastaut
87
photic stimuli for seizures
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
88
facial motor seizure
benign rolandic epilepsy
89
Central temporal spikes on EEG
benign rolandic epilepsy
90
HHV-6B infection
Febrile status epilepticus
91
gentamicin ototoxicity
abnormal head thrust test
92
HSV1/bells palsy
Vestibular neuritis
93
Vertigo w/ first head roll on pillow in AM
BPPV
94
decreased resorption of endolymphatic fluid
Meniere's dz
95
stapes fixation
osteosclerosis
96
hearing loss w/ corrected vertigo
vestibular schwannoma
97
detects rotational acceleration/deceleration in plane of a semicircular canal
Cupula
98
Lies coplanar w/ horizontal axis
Utricle
99
Lies coplanar w/ vertical axis
Sacculus
100
catch up saccade
vestibular dysfxn
101
stapes fixation
osteosclerosis
102
frog leg posture + poor suck reflex
Werdnig-hoffman (infantile form of spinal muscular atrophy)
103
atrophy of pecs and thighs
Wohlfart Kugelberd Welander (juvenile form of spinal muscular atrophy)
104
sporadic LMN dz
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
105
Bunina body
ALS
106
dx confirmation of radiculopathy
EDX testing
107
myelin ovoids
Axonal neuropathy
108
Toluidine blue stain shows pale fascicle w.o myelin fibers
Wallerian neuropathy --> think trauma and vasculitis
109
leg atrophy below knee, hammer toe, & high arched feet
Charcot Marie Tooth Dz
110
high sorbitol and low myoinositol in the nerves
Diabetic neuropathy
111
do you give steroids to someone w/ GBS? (guillain barre)
NO steroids don't do anything. Use gamma-globulin infusion
112
dumbbell shape tumor
Nerve sheath tumor (schwannoma or neurofibroma)
113
epidural lesions w/ cancer
Metastasis to vertebra from lung>breast>prostate
114
Middle aged woman w/ pain in thoracic spine
Spinal meningioma
115
pain w/ percussion of spinal cord + fever
Infection w/ Staph aureus in spine
116
Osteomyelitis from TB
Pott's dz
117
CSF has oligoclonal bands and high IgG (2 dz)
HTLV1 & MS
118
Tabes dorsalis (loss of epicritic + romberg sign)
Neurosyphilis
119
myelin plaque
MS
120
Perivascular cuff
MS
121
Lymphocytes, Oligoclonal bands, high IgG
MS
122
Luxol fast blue stain for myelin
MS
123
+NMO IgG (aquaporin4)
Neuromyelitis Optica
124
Eosinophils/neutrophils in CSF (high WBC)
Neuromyelitis Optica
125
hiccups w/ myelopathy
Neuromyelitis Optica
126
craniopharyngioma origin
rathke's pouch
127
cancer w/ diabetes insipidis
craniopharyngioma
128
Sundowning eyes (sunset sign)
hydrocephalus (inc ICP) --> think brain tumor
129
gene responsible for optic tract astrocytomas
NF1
130
Gene responsible for cerebellar astrocytomas
RAF fusion
131
Gene responsible for extra cortical astrocytomas
BRAF
132
cancers in pt <1 year of age
Supratentorial (glioma, teratoma, PNET, Choroid plexus)
133
cancers in pt 1-11 year of age
Infratentorial tumors (brain stem glioma, ependymoma, meduloblastoma)
134
cancers in pt >11 year of age
supra&infra tentorial tumors (glioma, PNET, meduloblastoma, germ cell)
135
carrot shaped cells
meduloblastoma
136
early AM headache, N/V, Lethargy
hydrocephalus
137
weakness/hemiparesis, ataxia, CN 6/7/8 signs
Brainstem glioma
138
in which ped cancer is surgery contraindicated
Brainstem glioma
139
herniation that compresses anterior cerebral artery
cingulate herniation
140
herniation that compresses brainstem and can cause coma or death
dienchephalic downward herniation
141
herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and contra/ipsilateral hemiparesis
uncal herniation
142
herniation that causes ipsilateral CN3 palsy and horners syndrome
upward herniation (of cerebellum)
143
tumor in cerebellopontine angle
acoustic neuroma/schwannoma
144
in sleep where is histamine released from
tuberomamillary nucleus
145
in sleep where is 5-HT released from
Raphe nuclues
146
in sleep where is DA released from
Substantia Nigra
147
in sleep where is NE released from
Locus Ceruleus
148
in sleep where is ACh released from
PPT + LDT
149
What phase of sleep do you see sleep spindles
Phase 2
150
in sleep where is orexin/hypocretin released from
Lateral hypothalamus
151
what entity inhibits all 6 arousal nuclei
VLPO --> causes NREM sleep
152
name the 3 major sleep promotors
dec adenosine, cytokines IL2 & TNFalpha, and melatonin
153
acting out dreams
RSD
154
headache when you drink and smoke end up wanting to kill yourself
cluster headache
155
tx for temporal arteritis
corticosteroids immediately
156
LP opening pressure >250mmHg
Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathic intracranial HTN)
157
malignant cells in LP
primary CNS lymphoma
158
CBC yields RBC>2000
think viral meningitis
159
Temporal lobe viral meningitis
HSV1
160
lab worker
togaviridae
161
pediatric encephalitis
LaCrosse virus (replicates like flu)
162
nonconventional ambisense strategy for replication
arenaviridae (LCMV)
163
rusty sputum
strep pneumoniae
164
acute meningitis in baby
GBS (group B strep)
165
single painful chancre
H Ducreyi
166
subacute bacterial endocarditis
H Aphrophilus
167
cherry red epiglottis
H flu
168
how does listeria move around
F-actin based motility
169
what do you use for cryptococcus infection
Amphotericin B plus Flucytosine
170
this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis and the spread of wild virus
Polio Sabin (OPV; live) vaccine
171
this polio vaccine prevents against paralysis, but NOT the spread of wild virus
Polio Salk (IPV) vaccine
172
Which polio vaccine prevents against reversion and which does not
Polio Salk (IPV) prevents against reversion; Polio Sabin (OPV) does not
173
any small hemorrhage marks on extremities (splinter hemorrhage, osier nodes, janeway lesions, or roth spots on retina)
sub acute bacterial endocarditis
174
ring enhancing mass w/ surrounding edema
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
175
petichial rash on palms and soles plus flu like symptoms
RMSF
176
bells palsy, migratory polyarthritis, cardiac dz, erethyema migrans
Lyme dz
177
snail track lesion
secondary syphilis
178
granuloma at base of brain
TB
179
cheyne-stokes respirations
herniation
180
positive EDX testing
radiculopathy confirmed
181
fastest 2 ways to reduce ICP
hyperventilation or manitol (hyperosmotic)
182
pt just falls to the ground (brief complete loss of muscle tone and consciousness)
atonic seizure
183
infantile spasm, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and developmental arrest/regression
west syndrome
184
high amplitude delta waves and multifocal spikes on EEG
infantile spasm (seizure)
185
which direction do the kinocilium face in the utricle
toward the striola
186
which direction do the kinocilium face in the sacculus
away from the striola
187
eosinophil inclusion bodies
ALS
188
1.5-2.5 Hz on EEG
Lennox Gastaut (abnormal absence seizure) "slow spike and wave" = 1.5-2.5 Hz
189
high ESR
Temporal arteritis
190
polymyalgia rheumatica
Temporal arteritis
