Buzzword Bingo Flashcards
Quick recall of key words and phrases (309 cards)
1
Q
allergic sinusitis, steroid-dependent asthma, and eosinophilia, with fleeting infiltrates on CXR
A
EGPA
2
Q
Rash on palms and soles
A
Secondary syphilis; Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii); coxsackievirus
3
Q
Does prior infection with most STIs protect against re-infection?
A
NOOO it doesn’t, so re-test patients!
4
Q
Slapped cheek rash
A
Parvovirus B19
5
Q
1 bacterial STD in the US
A
Chlamydia
6
Q
2 bacterial STD in the US
A
Gonorrhea
7
Q
Small lymphocytes and smudged cells with increased WBC
A
CLL
8
Q
All patients with STIs should be evaluated for ___.
A
All patients with STIs should be evaluated for HIV! Why? Many STDs facilitate the transmission of HIV, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, HSV, etc - anything that alters the mucosal integrity.
9
Q
Acute monoarthritis is ___ until proven otherwise!
A
Acute monoarthritis is INFECTIOUS until proven otherwise!
Consequently, do a joint aspirate to rule out infection and aid in diagnosis.
10
Q
Koplik spots -white spots on tongue that bleed when you scrape them
A
Measles
11
Q
Limb girdle pain in older patients
A
Polymyalgia rheumatica. Resolves FAST with prednisone
12
Q
Baby with deafness, cataracts, heart defects, microcephaly, mental retardation
A
exposure to rubella in utero
13
Q
If you see polymyalgia rheumatica…
A
think Giant cell arteritis! affects aorta, carotid branches. They’re frequently found together.
14
Q
CBFalpha - ETO fusion protein blocking differentiation
A
AML
15
Q
BCR-ABL
A
CML
16
Q
colon with fissures and fistulas
A
Crohn’s disease
17
Q
t(11;14)
A
Mantle cell lymphoma
18
Q
transmural inflammation of colon wall with non-necrotic granulomas
A
Crohn’s disease
19
Q
Oral apthous ulcers and genital ulcers
A
Behcet’s disease
20
Q
This vasculitis has an increased incidence in patients who are HLA-B51+
A
Behcet’s disease
21
Q
Lower resp (hemoptysis, cavitating pulmonary lesions) + upper resp (sinusitis, epistaxis, saddle nose) + renal (hematuria and maybe nephritis)
A
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) - ANCA-associated vasculitis
22
Q
Continuous inflammation of colon without skip lesions
A
Ulcerative Colitis
23
Q
Young person with an MI… and a PMH of a severe fever treated with IVIG and aspirin
A
Kawasaki disease
24
Q
t(15;17)
A
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
25
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma
26
MYC - Ig heavy chain locus, increasing B cell proliferation
Burkitt lymphoma
27
Really high basophil count
CML
28
t(9;22)
CML
29
treatable with ATRA and arsenic
APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
30
acanthosis nigricans
MetS, T2DM, stomach cancer
31
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma
32
resp and renal symptoms with positive C-ANCA (antibody against PR-3)
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Mnemonic is "Get a C GPA in C-PR to pass"
33
positive pathergy test - stick a needle in the skin and it forms a lump
Behcet's disease
34
upregulation of Bcl2 due to microdeletion of regulatory microRNA on chromosome 13
CLL
35
Rice water stools
Cholera
36
CD13 and CD33
AML
37
long crystals with negative birefringence
Uric acid - gout
38
yellow plaques around eyes
xanthelesma - indicates elevated LDL, higher risk of stroke and CVD
39
Strawberry tongue
Kawasaki disease
40
CD19, CD10, TdT
B cell ALL
41
fascicular inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy, both T and B cells
dermatomyositis
42
20% blasts or greater in bone marrow or blood (esp. marrow)
acute leukemias
43
either JAK2, calreticulin, or cMPL mutation, with really high platelet count
essential thrombocytosis
44
cyclin D1 - Ig heavy chain locus
Mantle cell lymphoma
45
reticulin fibrosis in the marrow, with some having JAK2
primary myelofibrosis
46
Bcl2 - Ig heavy chain locus preventing apoptosis
Follicular lymphoma
47
Most common childhood systemic vasculitis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
48
CD3, CD7, TdT
T cell ALL
49
rhomboid crystals with positive birefringence
Calcium pyrophosphate
50
hyposegmented neutrophils with hypogranulation, and ringed sideroblasts
myelodysplastic disorders
51
apple-green on polarization
Amyloidosis, which can occur in plasma cell disorders like multiple myeloma
52
abnormal nailfold exam
secondary Raynaud's
53
photosensitive dermatitis, often with diarrhea and dementia
Pellagra = vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency
54
black flies near rivers, causing blindness
onchocerchiasis, caused by onchocerca volvulus
55
Vasculitis associated with IgA nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
56
Gauchon's papules: hyperkeratotic papules
dermatomyositis
57
Tick bite from Ixodes??
Babesia, Anaplasma, Lyme
58
Speckled pattern ANA, Ro and La especially
Sjogren's syndrome
59
weak shoulders and hips but strong hand grip
dermatomyositis or polymyositis
60
GI infection: afebrile watery diarrhea
ETEC, norovirus, cholera, C.perfringens, viral, Bacillus cereus (long incubation), cryptosporidia, C.diff (15% are febrile, though)
61
t(8;21)
AML
62
Palpable purpura, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, but no nasopharyngeal involvement
Microscopic polyangiitis
63
counseling for patients on methotrexate
avoid pregnancy, avoid alcohol
64
PML-RARalpha fusion protein blocking differentiation
APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
65
muscle biopsy shows rimmed vacuoles and inflammatory infiltrate around muscle fibers
inclusion body myositis
66
nail spooning, aka koilonychia
iron deficiency
67
thin as a broom without edema
marasma = chronic starvation
68
Really high hematocrit, JAK2 mutation
polycythemia vera
69
Perianal pruritus in kids
Pinworm - enterobicus vermicularis
70
swollen belly with edema and fatty liver in a starving kid
kwashiorkor = not enough protein
71
P-ANCA, no granulomas, involves lungs/kidneys/skin
Microscopic polyangiitis
72
yellow-red papules on extensor surfaces
eruptive xanthoma - indicates elevated TGs, with increased risk of acute pancreatitis
73
MOA of echinocandins
Inhibits Beta glucan synthase in fungi
74
Punched out lytic bone lesions on X-Ray with monoclonal M spike
Multiple Myeloma
75
erythematous papules and plaques in genital and perineal region
extramammary Paget's disease
76
MOA of Amphotericin B
Anti-fungal: binds ergosterol and causes membrane pores
77
inflammatory infiltrate around individual muscle fibers, mostly CD8+ T cells
polymyositis
78
sudden appearance of many seborrheic keratoses
adenocarcinoma of stomach or colon
79
itchy without any rash, "butterfly sign"
paraneoplastic pruritus, commonly found in lymphoma (esp. Hodgkin lymphoma) and leukemia
80
treatment for IBD-associated arthritis - what not to do
avoid NSAIDs!
81
Oxidase negative GNRs
Salmonella, shigella
82
Food poisoning from sprouts
EHEC
83
Granulomatous thickening/narrowing of aortic arch
Takayasu arteritis
84
rash, myalgia, spread by flying squirrels
epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii)
85
Elephantiasis affecting lower limbs, scrotal swelling
Wuchereria bancrofti - human filariasis
86
worm crawling in eye
loa loa
87
Eggs with points/spikes
Schistosomiasis. Lateral spine is mansoni, spine at the tip is haematobium, no spine is japonicum
88
Lower limb ulcer with protruding larva -> think prevention
Guinea worm: filter water through cloth to prevent infection
89
NVD with diplopia, dysphonia, dysphagia
Botulism from preformed toxin
90
Leads to HUS
EHEC and shigella
91
Eat raw veggies and get obstructive jaundice
Fasciola hepatica - liver fluke
92
Seizures manifesting with weird things in the brain, history of eating the larval stage of something
Human cysticercosis - taenia sodium (pork tapeworm) I infection of the brain when you eat the larva
93
Cigarette burn lesions, aka a tach-noir eschar
Rickettsia infection (no eschar in Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
94
Food poisoning from deli meat and hot dogs
Listeria
95
Unilateral headache and jaw claudication in an old lady
Giant cell arteritis
96
Disease spread by body louse - think refugee camps
Epidemic typhus - Rickettsia prowazekii
97
Suspect anaplasma or erlichia?
Treat with doxycycline immediately - don't wait for testing to confirm!
98
Toxic megacolon
Clostridium difficile
99
erythema migrans
Lyme disease - Borellia burgdorferi
100
Asian female <40 with weak radial pulses and arthritis
Takayasu arteritis
101
Marrow full of weird-looking megakaryocytes with staghorn nuclei
Essential thrombocytosis
102
HepB seropositive with purpura, neuropathy, hypertension
HepB associated polyarteritis nodosa
103
Rotten egg smelling diarrhea
Salmonella
104
CD30, CD15
Hodgkin lymphoma
105
Rash on Allopurinol therapy... What should you do?
STOP the drug! Vasculitis with toxic epidermal necrolysis, which is predictably BAD
106
Drug for most tick bites?
Doxy - give early because it can prevent life-threatening disease. Can even use as prophylaxis if you identify the tick as Ixodes scapularis
107
GI infections: afebrile, hemorrhagic diarrhea
EHEC - enterohemorrhagic E.coli
108
Hypercalcemia, renal involvement, anemia, bone lytic lesions/back pain
Multiple myeloma
109
Heliotrope rash
Dermatomyositis
110
rash with unknown cause: how do you assess?
wear gloves because it might be syphilis
111
MOA of azole drugs
For fungal infections -> inhibit ergosterol synthesis
112
Second line for pseudomonas
Ticarcillin and piperacillin
113
Tx for gout
Colchicine, NSAIDs or steroids, may lower uric acid with diet and lifestyle and XO inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)
114
Nausea and vomiting 3-6 hours after eating, followed by diarrhea
Staph preformed toxin, clinical diagnosis, look for toxin in food
115
Tx for pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate)
Joint injection with steroids, treat causes including hypomagnesia, hypophosphate, hypoPTH, etc
116
Diarrhea, rotten egg taste when you belch
Giardia
117
Elevated ANA threshold?
>1:160
118
Foci of lymphatic infiltrate in minor salivary glands
Sjögren's syndrome
119
ABX for atypical bacteria
Tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones
120
Nonhealing ulcer with overhanging borders in a patient with chronic GI symptoms
Pyoderma gangrenosum
121
Shoulder and hip stiffness that responds quickly to prednisone
Polymyalgia rheumatica
122
Palpable purpura, low C4, false positive RF
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
123
Excess of cryoglobulins: monoclonal IgG and IgM
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis I: hyperviscosity syndrome, with mucosal bleeding
124
Most severe malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
125
"Mechanic's hands" with skin cracking, and interface dermatitis
Dermatomyositis
126
Penicillin allergy, pregnant, and has syphilis?
Desensitize and give penicillin
127
Cold-agglutinating polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgM or IgA with false positive RF
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis II
128
painful indurated veins, also referred to as migratory superficial thrombophlebitis
Trousseau's sign, indicating adenocarcinoma, often of the pancreas
129
Loss of lactobacillus, overgrowth of ___ leads to bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella
130
Oxidase positive GNR
Pseudomonas
131
GI infection: febrile hemorrhagic diarrhea
Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Entamoeba histolytica, Vibrio hemolytica
132
GI infection: febrile watery diarrhea
Salmonella, Campylobacter, EPEC, Yersinia
133
First line therapy for pseudomonas
Cefepime and ceftazadime
134
Auer rods - red lines in WBCs
AML (this is pathognomic!)
135
When are uricosurics contraindicated?
These drugs increase uric acid excretion so they are contraindicated in renal failure/compromised renal function.
136
Multiple eschars that are black with a white center after returning from travel
African tick bite fever - rickettsia africae
137
Soft cheese and unpasteurized dairy
Listeria, salmonella, campylobacter, EHEC, yersinia
138
P-ANCA with granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis and increased IgE
EGPA
139
Disorders that may be associated with JAK2 mutations
Polycythemia vera; Essential thrombocytosis; Primary myelofibrosis
140
Watery diarrhea with exposure to reptiles (turtles)
Salmonella - dx from stool culture
141
Diarrhea, exposure to puppy
Campylobacter
142
Osteomyelitis in a patient with Sickle Cell Disease
Salmonella
143
Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae B
Immunization and give rifampin to exposed kids
144
Infection associated with acute rejection of transplanted organs
CMV
145
What organisms are you susceptible to without a functioning spleen?
Encapsulated organisms, especially S.pneumo, N.meningitidis, and HiB, but also Babesia, Plasmodium, Capnocytophaga
146
Snake-like rash
Strongyloides stercoralis
147
Diagnostic criteria for acute leukemias
Greater than or equal to 20% blasts, OR evidence of a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality associated with AML
148
perineal and facial red rash
acrodermatitis enteropathica, from zinc deficiency
149
Tx for strongyloides
Ivermectin
150
High N:C ratio, clear spots indicative of nucleoli, fine chromatin
Blast cell
151
More than one ring stage within RBC
Plasmodium falciparum
152
Drugs for CMV
Valgancyclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
153
Anemia risk with CML: what type is most likely?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
154
Paravertebral mass staining positive for lambda or kappa light chains
Plasmacytoma
155
Most common persistent watery diarrhea cause in AIDS patients
Cryptosporidium
156
Diagnostic test for neurocysticercosis
Immunoblot assay or rarely biopsy demonstrating larva in brain tissue
157
You find a plasmacytoma- what's the next step?
Bone marrow biopsy to look for multiple myeloma
158
Banana-shaped gametocytes
Plasmodium falciparum
159
Low peripheral blood counts of one or more lineages, with hypercellular marrow for age
Myelodysplastic syndrome
160
High N:C ratio with darker clumpy chromatin
Lymphocyte (not a blast)
161
Eosinophilic lines that look kind of crystalline found in some cells with visible nucleoli and fine chromatin
Auer rods, indicative of AML
162
Increased PMNs and band cells
Reactive neutrophilia
163
Greatly increased granulocytes, including basophils and eosinophils; increased myelocytes, increased metamyelocytes
CML
164
Hypercellular marrow full of myeloid cells and micromegakaryocytes
Seen in CML and myelodysplastic syndromes
165
Erythrocytosis with low EPO levels, may be associated with thrombocytosis and mild neutrophilia
Polycythemia Vera
166
Key feature distinguishing polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
Low EPO in PV
167
Bone marrow biopsy finding in Polycythemia Vera
Hypercellular with increases in all lineages
168
High PLTs without erythrocytosis or leukocytosis - rule out anemia, inflammation, and other malignancies
Essential thrombocytosis
169
Teardrop RBCs and megakaryocytes with cloud-like nuclei
Primary myelofibrosis
170
Monosomy 7; 5q deletion, trisomy 8
Myelodysplastic syndrome
171
Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Bcl2 leads to activation of caspases via cytochrome C
172
Extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Mediated by Fas ligand, leads to activation of caspases
173
RFs for endocarditis
Abnormal valve, turbulent flow, any way that bacteria can get in!
174
Definition: defensins
Proteins that punch holes in bacterial cell walls - cleaved to active forms, and are very positively charged. Work based on electrostatic charges to enter membranes and make holes
175
Definition: histatins
Cationic proteins in oral cavity designed to kill fungi
176
C-type lectins
Proteins produced in gut, lead to pore formation in pathogens
177
Panniculitis
Inflammation of subcutaneous fat
178
Alternative complement pathway
C3 is hydrolyzed, activates cascade by auto-cleaving into C3bBb with help of factor B. This is a C3 convertase and leads to opsonization and signaling
179
C1 inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary angioedema
180
CD59 or CD55 deficiency (GPI-linked proteins)
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
181
Drug treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Anti-C5 Ab
182
Nitroblue Tetrazolium test (NBT test)
Turns blue in presence of ROS, so used to diagnose Chronic Granulomatous Disease
183
Antigen-presenting cells of the skin
Langerhans cells
184
Cancer of stratum basale
Basal cell carcinoma
185
Uncomplicated pyelonephritis Tx
Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or TMP-sulfa outpatient with close follow-up
IV ceftriaxone or an aminoglycoside inpatient
186
Proteins linking keratinocytes
Desmosomes, linked by desmogleins (Dsg1, Dsg3)
187
Layer of skin containing profillagrin and keratin, as well as hydrolases and natural moisturizing factors
Stratum granulosum
188
Protein stabilizing stratum corneum
Fillagrin
189
Osler nodes (swollen and tender distal digits)
Immunologic finding in endocarditis
190
Autosomal dominant fillagrin mutation
Ichthyosis vulgaris
191
Defective keratinization causing hard, plate-like scaling of skin and cracks and breaks
Lamellar ichthyosis
192
Tiny waxy papules, AD inheritance
Punctuate keratoderma
193
GNRs implicated in endocarditis
HACEK - haemophilus, agregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella
194
Rank emollients by oil content: cream, lotion, ointment
Ointment > cream > lotion. Ointments may feel greasy but are most protective. Lotions are less protective but more elegant.
195
Extracellular matrix composition in dermis
Collagen, elastin, fibrillin. Fewer cells.
196
GP cocci causing endocarditis
#1 S. Aureus, also coagulase-negative staph
197
Asymptomatic bacteruria <1month post-renal transplant?
Treat with fosfomycin
198
Patient with history of valve defect... At risk for?
Infective endocarditis
199
Collagen disorder with stretchy/fragile skin, wide scars, stretchy joints
Ehlers-Danlos type I
200
Defective lipid barrier disorder of the skin that can be fatal without adequate treatment
Harlequin ichthyosis
201
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
SLE!
202
Smaller vegetations, murmur 85%, insidious course, abnormal valve
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
203
Splinter hemorrhages in nail beds, Janeway lesions on soles of feet, subconjunctival hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage (Roth spots), petechiae
Embolic symptoms of infective endocarditis
204
Dental procedures, mouth lesions, GI trouble, and endocarditis
Viridans strep - strep mutans
205
Drugs that can lead to drug-induced lupus
Hydralazine, Procainamide, Isoniazid
206
Colon lesions, colon cancer, stool changes, and endocarditis
Strep gallolyticus
207
#1 cause of acute bacterial endocarditis in all risk groups
S. Aureus
208
GI, GU, UTI problems and endocarditis
Enterococcus faecalis
209
Asymptomatic bacteruria in a pregnant woman?
Treat with fosfomycin (avoid nitrofurantoin in first trimester)
210
Major Duke criteria
blood cultures positive (3 sets obtained, 2/3 are positive); echocardiogram is positive (transthoracic, then transesophageal)
211
Replicating cuboidal layer of epithelium
Stratum basale
212
S. Aureus growing in urine?
Probably not bacteruria from a UTI... Substantial chance this is due to systemic bacteremia, so check it out!!
213
When to do dental prophylaxis with ABX
Prosthetic valve, known abnormal valve, Hx of transplant, previous endocarditis, other serious risk factors
214
Histology reveals split below basal layer of epidermis, with linear deposition of C3 and IgG at basement membrane zone, from antibodies to BPAG1 and BPAG2
Bullous pemphigoid
215
#2 cause of uncomplicated UTI
Staph saprophyticus (honeymoon cystitis)
216
Anti-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic cytokine
TGFbeta
217
ABX that block transpeptidase crosslinking of peptidoglycan in cell walls by interfering with PBPs (broad category)
Beta-lactams
218
Fissures and dry scale caused by dehydration, lack of natural moisturizing factors, lack of intercellular lipids, etc
Xerosis (dry skin)
219
ABX options for uncomplicated cystitis
Nitrofurantoin (normal kidney function)
Fosfomycin or TMP-sulfa if <20% local resistance
Avoid fluoroquinolones
220
Large vegetations, murmur 50% of time, rapid onset, high fever, normal valve
Acute bacterial endocarditis
221
Criteria for suspecting sepsis: qSOFA
Systolic BP at or below 100, RR at 22 or above, altered mentation (GCS<15) - 2 out of 3 with suspicion of infection.
222
#3 cause of uncomplicated UTI
Other GN bacteria
223
Thickened areas of skin over pressure points, AD inheritance
Focal keratoderma
224
Autoantibody in mixed connective tissue disease
U1-RNP
225
Lectin complement pathway
Mannose binding lectin recognizes carbohydrates on pathogen, activates cascade, leading to formation of C3 convertase, etc.
226
AD fibrillin mutation presenting with tall height, long limbs, mitral valve prolapse, aortic dissection, stretchy
Marfan's syndrome
227
Keratinocytes starting to flatten out in this layer
Stratum spinosum
228
Classical complement pathway
C1q binds to Ab (usually IgM), activates cascade by recruiting C1r and C1s -> cleaves C2, C4 forming C3 convertase, leading to C3b and C5b opsonization of pathogens
229
Smith Ab/anti-dsDNA
SLE
230
Granular IgG deposition in glomeruli suggests...
Type III hypersensitivity - immune complex deposition (SLE, post-strep glomerulonephritis)
231
Cannot extend a blister by pulling laterally
Negative Nikolsky sign: subepidermal split
232
Cuts, boils, skin infections, IV drug use, and endocarditis
S. Aureus
233
Antibodies with centromere staining pattern, Scl-70
Scleroderma
234
Anti-Scl70 is the antibody against...
DNA topoisomerase I
235
Immunofluorescence of glomeruli in lupus nephritis
Granular pattern of IgG deposition
236
Autosomal recessive disease with widespread blistering and scarring that may be deadly; involves lack of laminin and BPAG2
Junctional EB
237
1 therapy for T.pallidum
Penicillin
238
Increased cancer risk in Sjogren's
Lymphoma
239
Pattern of immunofluorescence in Goodpasture disease
Linear IgG deposition
240
Polyclonal B and T cells infiltrating salivary gland
Sjögren's syndrome
241
TdT+ blasts without surface Ig but with CD19 (probably)
B cell ALL
242
Papules and vesicles on extensors, very pruritic, with IgA at the tips of dermal papillae
Dermatitis herpetiformis
243
Histology showing fibrotic thickening of skin
Probably scleroderma
244
Watermelon stomach
Telangiectasias of stomach in scleroderma
245
Centromere pattern - 30-60 small dots on ANA test
Specific for systemic sclerosis
246
"Starry sky" LN biopsy with lots of tingible body macrophages
Burkitt's lymphoma (t(8;14), Myc-Ig heavy chain)
247
Hands fixed into claw-like positions due to deposition of fibrous tissue
Sclerodactyly
248
Vasculitis of arteries above the base of the skull
Giant cell arteritis
249
Autoantibody that's highly suggestive of polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Jo-1
250
Which of the following can resolve spontaneously: bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, or cicatricial pemphigoid?
Bullous pemphigoid - can resolve spontaneously or be treated with oral minocycline
251
Giant cell arteritis suspected... What to do next?
Steroids emergently, before biopsy comes back
252
Can lab findings alone diagnose UTI?
No! You need the clinical context
252
Molecules causing degradation in tissue remodeling
Matrix metalloproteases
254
Gash in skin from a sharp force injury, with tissue divided to the depth of the wound
Incision or stab
255
Bug associated with 30% of cases of polyarteritis nodosa
Hepatitis B
256
This step of scar formation is characterized by lots of new vasculature, loose collagen, fibroblasts, and background macrophages
Granulation tissue
257
Factors involved in angiogenesis and pericyte detachment
ANG1/ANG2, with Notch signaling regulating branching pattern
258
Factor inducing endothelial cell migration and proliferation
VEGF-A
259
Vasculitis with c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
260
Thickened area of skin over whole palm or sole, AD inheritance
diffuse keratoderma
261
#1 cause of uncomplicated cystitis
E. Coli
262
Minimal tissue loss, small or sutured wound: Healing by _____ intention
Healing by first intention
263
Large, open wound with extensive tissue loss: Healing by _____intention
Healing by second intention (think large amounts of wound contraction, like in diabetic foot ulcers)
264
Cat bite infection
Pasturella multocida
265
Gash in skin from a blunt force injury, with tissue bridging across the gap
Laceration
266
Row of tombstones on histology
Pemphigus vulgaris: split between stratum basale and stratum spinosum
267
Life-threatening organ dysfunction from dysregulated host response to infection
Sepsis
268
Complicated cystitis causative factors
E. Coli but also pseudomonas, more gram positives
271
Flat lesion >0.5 cm
Patch
273
Human bite infection (think bar fight!)
Eikenella corrodens
275
Organism that forms opportunistic infections in burns
Pseudomonas
276
Infection of traumatic open wound, causing severe tissue destruction
Clostridium perfringens
277
Definition of septic shock
Vasopressors required to keep MABP at or above 65 AND serum lactate >2 without hypovolemia
278
Pulmonary HTN in an autoimmune disease
Probably systemic sclerosis
279
In a septic patient, when does organ dysfunction actually develop?
Before blood pressure drops, frequently - occurs when microvascular abnormalities like thrombin occur, which frequently takes place before patients become hypotensive.
280
SSA Ro/SSB La
Sjogren's Syndrome
281
Management of sepsis
1) Emergent vascular access and fluid resuscitation
| 2) Draw blood cultures but give broad-spectrum ABX within one hour!!!
282
This microbiome technique looks at the 16s subunit of bacterial ribosomes, and can be performed from samples or isolates, but takes a while and is labor-intensive.
Gene sequencing of rRNA
283
Small flat lesion <0.5 cm
Macule
284
Intracellular proteins involved in the hemidesmosome
BPAG1, BPAG2, integrins
285
Pruritic, purple, polygonal papules and plaques found on wrist, in mouth, on genitals, may koebnerize
Lichen planus
287
Viable bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
288
Protein that traverses the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone of the epidermis
BPAG2
289
Proteins that make up the lamina densa
Laminin 5, collagen IV
290
Painful mucosal erosions, especially on oral mucosa; flaccid blisters and erosions on skin; antibodies against Dsg3
Pemphigus vulgaris
291
Can extend a blister pulling laterally
Positive Nikolsky sign: bulla or vehicle is epidermal
292
Granulomatous of aortic arch or its branches
Takayasu arteritis
293
Pemphigus vulgaris immunofluorescence
IgG and C3 throughout entire epidermis, from antibody against Dsg3
294
Describe pathology findings in cicatricial pemphigoid
Looks like bullous pemphigoid, with subepidermal split below the basal layer and linear IgG and C3 at the BMZ. Ab against BPAG2 and laminin 5
295
Tx for pemphigus vulgaris, cicatricial pemphigoid
Topical corticosteroids, oral corticosteroids, may add immunosuppressants
296
Geometric pattern of papules, plaques, vesicles that occur without family history of atopy, and with specific activity or exposure
Allergic contact dermatitis
297
Tense adherent bullae or vesicles on an erythematous base, often presenting as new-onset itching in an elderly patient
Bullous pemphigoid
298
Autosomal dominant disease characterized by blisters on extremities including palms and soles presenting with mechanical stress, involving Keratins 5 and 14
EB simplex
299
AD or AR disease (AR more severe) involving lack of or abnormal collagen VII, leading to severe scarring and deformity
Dystrophic EB
300
Rash associated with celiac disease
Dermatitis herpetiformis
301
Antibodies to check in dermatitis herpetiformis
Look for anti-gliadin and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies
302
Symmetric rash on extensors, buttocks, occipital scalp associated with GI involvement on biopsy
Dermatitis herpetiformis
303
Plaques on scalp, extensor surfaces, etc with thin silvery "micaceous" scale, sharply circumscribed, not particularly itchy
Psoriasis
304
Plaques on flexor surfaces, more irregular with an indistinct border, very pruritic, may have excoriations, may have some white scale or serous crusting
Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
305
CREST syndrome: Calcinosis, Reynaud's, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias
Form of limited scleroderma, associated with anti-centromere antibody.
306
Atopic triad
Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis
307
Vasculitides with p-ANCA
EGPA, MPA
308
Patient with pityriasis alba may have a predisposition towards ___
Atopic dermatitis
310
Redness, scaling, and sclerosis as a response to chronic leg edema
Stasis dermatitis
323
This microbio technique identifies isolates based on protein content, and is quick and easy to perform, but does require enough biomass from the isolate.
Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF)
324
Factors contributing to poor wound healing
Vitamin C deficiency, steroids (decreased TGF-beta), infection, diabetes (vascular compromise but also decreased TGF-beta, increased infection, neutrophil dysfunction, neuropathy)
327
Shark bite, seafood/saltwater injury
Vibrio vulnificans
339
Dog bite infection
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
340
Technique for escaping adaptive immunity
Antigenic variation
