BUZZWORDS Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
NEURO: “hairy cells”
A
pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade 1)
2
Q
NEURO: Rosenthal fibres
A
pilocytic astrocytoma
3
Q
NEURO: “fried-egg appearance”
A
oligodendrocytoma
4
Q
NEURO: “ventricular tumour” “hydrocephalus”
A
ependymoma
5
Q
Loss of E-cadherin
A
Invasive lobular carcinoma (breast) and diffuse gastric carcinoma
6
Q
Heart condition: amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, pericardial thickening
A
restrictive pericarditis
7
Q
green/brown nipple discharge
A
duct ectasia
8
Q
bloody discharge
A
intraductal papilloma
9
Q
Barrett’s metaplastic change
A
squamous to columnar
10
Q
Squamous cell lung carcinoma metastatic change
A
ciliated columnar to squamous
11
Q
Colorectal polyps: NO associated cancer risk
A
haemartomatous, mucosal, submucosal
12
Q
Colorectal polyps: associated cancer risk
A
adenomatous/villous/sessile serated
13
Q
Sjorgen’s autoantibodies (and most specific)
A
ANTI-RO, anti-La
14
Q
CREST antibody
A
anti-centromere
15
Q
RA antibody - most specific
A
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
16
Q
Diffuse scleroderma antibody
A
anti-Scl70 (anti-topoisomerase)
17
Q
PBC antibody
A
antimitochondrial antibody
18
Q
Antiphospholipid antibody
A
anti-cardiolipin
19
Q
Ovarian tumour: secretes oestrogen and inhibit
A
Granulosa cell tumour
20
Q
Ovarian tumour: secreted thyroid hormone
A
Cystic teratoma (struma ovarii)
21
Q
Ovarian tumour: secretes androgens
A
Sertoli-Leydig
22
Q
“Call-Exner bodies”
A
Granulosa cell tumour
23
Q
Ovarian fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion
A
Meig’s syndrome
24
Q
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma seeds peritoneum
A
Pseudomyxoma peritonii
25
Skin + muscles autoimmune condition, with ovarian adenocarcinoma
dermatomyositis
26
Ovarian tumour secreting bHCG
Choriocarcinoma
27
Psamomma bodies
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
Prolactinoma, mesothelioma, meningioma, papillary thyroid, somatostatinoma
28
Hobnail appearance
Clear cell
29
Renal: heroin use
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
30
SLE + wire loop capillaries: renal
diffuse proliferative
31
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules
Diabetic nephropathy
32
Spike and dome appearance
Membranous nephropahthy
33
Linear immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's (anti-GBM)
34
Lung cancer gene: good prognosis and response to chemo
EGFR
35
Lung cancer gene: poor prognosis, usually squamous/small-cell
K-RAS
36
Neurofibramatosis 1: 3 signs and symptoms
optic gliomas, lisch nodules, cafe au lait, neurofibromas, astrocytomas
37
Neurofibramatosis 2: ssx
Vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, juvenile cataracts
38
Tuberous sclerosis
Haemartomas, angiofibromas, mitral regurg, ash-leaf, astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma, intellectual disability, renal angiomyolipoma, shagreen, seizures (infantile spasms)
39
Men1 triad
PA,PA,PI
Pancreatic + parathyroid hyperplasia + pituitary adenoma
40
Men2A triad
PA ME PH
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma
41
Men2B tetrad
MMMPh
Meduallary thyroid
Marfinoid habitus
Phaeochromocytoma
42
Garnder syndrome bone tumour
Facial osteomas
43
"benign sclerosing lesion characterised by central zone of scarring surrounded by radiating zone of proliferating glandular tissue"
radial scar
44
"benign mobile lump, multinodular, composed of expanded intralobular stroma, compressed 'slit-like' ducts, branching sheets of epithelium"
fibroadenoma
45
red breast, lactating, cracked skin
mastitis
46
Proliferation of fibroepithelium and stromal tissue - artichoke/leaf-like projections
Phyllodes tumour
47
IgA deficiency associated transfusion reaction
anaphylaxis
48
Cyclical fever: malaria: every 24 hours
Plasmodium knowlesi
49
Cyclical fever: malaria, every 48 hours
hypnozoites: P ovale and P vivax
50
Cyclical fever: malaria, every 72 hours
Plasmodium malariae
51
Irregular cyclical fevers, malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
52
Fever for 1-2 weeks, afebrile for 1-2 weeks
Hodgkin's lymphoma - Pel-Ebstein fever
53
Acanthocytes (spur/spike cells)
liver disease
hyposplenism
abetalipoproteinaemia
54
Basophilic RBC stippling
ACCELERATED ERYTHROPOIESIS
ead poisoning
megaloblastic anaemia
myelodysplasia
liver disease
haemoglobinopathies
55
Burr cells
Artefact if blood sat in EDTA prior to film being made
- uraemia
- renal failure
- GI bleeding
- stomach carcinoma
56
Pelger Huet cells
congenital (lamin B receptor mutation), myelodysplastic syndromes
57
Right shift
Hypermature white cells -> hypersegmented polymorphs (>5)
Megaloblastic anaemia
58
Rouleaux formation
chronic inflammation, paraproteniaemia, multiple myeloma
59
Spherocytes
AIHA, hereditary spherocytosis
60
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
post-cricoid webs (In context of IDA)
61
New Mab for sickle cell anaemia
crizanlizumab
62
Donath-Landsteiner antibodies
Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria - caused by viral infection (measles, syphilis, VZV)
63
Ham's test
in-vitro acid induced lysis
64
Mab for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Eculizumab
65
Mab for HUS
eculizimab
66
Diagnosis for vWD
Ristocetin co-factor
67
Mab to reverse dabigratran
idracizumab
68
Reversing rivaroxaban and apixaban
andexanet alfa
69
"starry sky appearance"
Burkitt's lymphoma
70
sheets of large lymphoid cells
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
71
Angular/clefted nuclei
Mantle cell lymphoma
72
"follicular/nodular appearance" - lymphoma
follicular lymphoma
73
MM staging
Durie-Salmon
74
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
TB
75
Pneumonia: -ve rod enterobacter
Klebsiella pneumonia
76
Chocolate agar
Chancroid
77
covid antiviral
remdesivir, molnupiravir, paxlovid
78
covid mabs
sotrovimab, tocilizumab
79
ground glass/honeycomb appearance
interstitial lung disease
80
oat cells
small cell carcinoma
81
iron laden macrophages
chronic pulmonary oedema
82
'aphthous ulcer' -> rosethorn ulcer -> serptentine
Crohn's
83
ovarian tumour: mucin secreting cells
mucinous cystadenoma
84
ovarian tumour: tubular glands
endometrioid
85
breast lump: empty fat spaces, histiocytes, giant cells
acute mastitis
86
"papillary mass within a dilated duct lined by epithelium"
intraductal papilloma
87
"big pleiomorphic cells"
invasive ductal carcinoma
88
breast: well formed tubules with low grade nulcei
tubular carcinoma
89
x-ray "rat bite erosions"
gout
90
x-ray: "white lines of chondrocalcinosis"
pseudogout
91
inflammatory reaction to yeast
malassezia furfur
92
cytokeratin stain
epithelial cells
93
Giemsa stain
cytoplasmic inclusions - Chlamydia psittaci
94
Gomori's methanamine silver stain
pneumocystic jiroveci
95
Fite stain
Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
96
β haemolytic anaerobe
Gm +ve
Watery diarrhoea, cramps, headaches, Fever, minimal vomiting
Tumbling motility
Bacteria and tx?
Listeria monocytogenes
Mx: ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole
97
Gm –ve Rod
Contaminated food, water or lakes ETEC: toxigenic, traveller’s
EHEC: Haemorrhagic
HUS: anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure
Tx?
ciprofloxacin
98
β haemolytic Gm +ve cocci, grape-like clusters
s aureus
99
Oxidase positive, non-motile
Dog faeces
Watery, foul smelling, bloody stool Assoc. with GBS + Reiter’s
bacteria and tx?
campylobacter jejuni
tx: erythromycin or ciprofloxacin
100
giardia lamblia & entamoeda histolytica tx?
metronidazole
101
