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M3 Orthopaedic Surgery > Buzzwords > Flashcards

Buzzwords Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Clubfoot full name is:

A

Talipes Equinovarus

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2
Q

How to differentiate high ulnar nerve lesion (eg cubital tunnel) from low ulnar nerve lesion (ulnar tunnel)?

A

4th and 5th digits DIPJ flexion is present in low lesion (eg ulnar tunnel) but absent in high lesion;
these 2 actions controlled by high ulnar nerve innervation of FDP

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3
Q

AMPLE history for trauma

A

Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
Events leading to injury

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4
Q

Primary survey for ATLS principles

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure and environment

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5
Q

In DDH, the hip is limited in

A

Abduction

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6
Q

In Perthe’s disease, the hip is limited in

A

Abduction and internal rotation

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7
Q

Galeazzi fracture:
_____ fractured, with ______ dislocation

A

Distal 1/3 radial shaft fracture with
Ulnar dislocation at distal radio ulnar joint

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8
Q

Monteggia Fracture:
_____ fracture with _____ dislocation

A

Proximal 1/3 ulna fracture with radial dislocation at proximal radioulna joint

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9
Q

Colles’ Fracture:
Distal fragment displacement direction:

A

Dorsal displacement

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10
Q

Smith’s Fracture:
Distal fragment displacement direction:

A

Volar displacement

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11
Q

Nerve injured in humeral shaft fracture

A

Radial nerve

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12
Q

Key characteristic of AIN syndrome

A

PURE motor symptoms, no sensory deficit

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13
Q

Tennis elbow location:

A

Lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

Golfer’s elbow location

A

Medial epicondyle

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15
Q

3 characteristics of pain in compartment syndrome

A

Pain out of proportion
Pain worse on passive stretch
Pain not reducible by opioids

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16
Q

6 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

Pain
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis

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17
Q

Earliest sign of compartment syndrome

A

Pain!

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18
Q

Basis for Froment’s sign

A

Compensation of the median-nerve innervated flexor pollicis longus (FPL) for a weak ulnar nerve innervated adductor pollicis

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19
Q

Main blood supply to head of femur

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

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20
Q

Why is thenar eminence spared in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve is given off 5cm before the carpal tunnel

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21
Q

Why is ulna dorsal sensation spared in ulnar tunnel syndrome?

A

Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve is given off 5cm before the Guyon’s canal

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22
Q

Key differences between vascular and neurogenic claudication

A
  1. Walking distance: Variable in neurogenic, fixed in vascular
  2. Walking uphill: Easier in neurogenic, harder in vascular
  3. Resting: Sit down to rest in neurogenic, just stand still to rest in vascular
  4. Direction of pain: Neurogenic shoots down, vascular usually goes up
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23
Q

Hallux valgus angle definition and normal range

A

Angle between long axis of 1st metatarsal and 1st proximal phalanx
Normal <15 deg

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24
Q

Intermetatarsal angle definition and normal range

A

Angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals
Normal <9 deg

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25
Osteoporosis: Calcium is ___, Phosphate is _____
Normal and normal
26
Osteomalacia: Calcium is _____, Phosphate is _____
Low and Low
27
DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 2 tendons affected are
APL and EPB
28
Upper limb myotomes:
C5: Elbow flexion C6: Wrist extension C7: Elbow extension C8: Finger flexion T1: Finger abduction
29
Upper limb dermatomes
C5: Lateral arm C6: Dorsum of thumb C7: Dorsum of index C8: Dorsum of little finger T1: Medial forearm / arm
30
Lower limb myotomes
L2: Hip flexion L3: Knee extension L4: Ankle dorsiflexion L5: Big toe dorsiflexion S1: Ankle plantarflexion
31
Lower limb dermatomes
L2: Anterior thigh L3: Anterior knee L4: Medial malleolus L5: Dorsum 1st webspace S1: Slightly inferior to the lateral malleolus
32
Cubitus VALGUS by nonunion of ___________ fracture
Lateral epicondyle
33
Cubitus VARUS (aka ______ deformity) by malunion of ____________ fracture
Supracondylar
34
Nerve injured in supracondylar fracture of elbow
Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
35
Stiff painful shoulder after a seizure
Posterior dislocation
36
2 conditions commonly a/w (or predisposing to) frozen shoulder
Diabetes mellitus Thyroid disease
37
Nerve injured (most commonly) in Monteggia fracture
Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
38
What indicates a poorer prognosis in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Wasting of APB
39
Knee swelling: Immediate swelling indicates ______ injury
Ligament
40
Knee swelling: Delayed swelling indicates _______ injury
Meniscus
41
Next step in Mx of septic arthritis
Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration) of the knee
42
Spot Dx: Forefoot pain after repeated stress
Metatarsal stress fracture
43
High inversion injury of ankle; most commonly injures: (structure)
ATFL
44
DM foot is associated with 3 features:
1. Neuropathic ulcer 2. Charcot joint 3. Rockerbottom deformity
45
Nerve injured in fibula fracture
Common fibular nerve
46
3 ways a disc can herniate and what it causes:
1. Posterolateral (paracentral): (most common) Impinges on traversing / lower nerve root 2. Foraminal (far lateral): Impinges on exiting / upper nerve root 3. Central (posterior): (most dangerous) Can cause CES; a/w back pain
47
Neurogenic shock: BP? HR?
Hypotension Bradycardia
48
Hypovolemic shock: BP? HR?
Hypotension Tachycardia
49
Spot Dx: Poorly controlled DM, right neck pain for 3 weeks, no Hx of trauma, a/w fever and numbness of hands
Cervical spondylodiscitis *infection until proven otherwise
50
Most common site of degenerative spondylolisthesis
L4/5
51
Most common site of Isthmic spondylolisthesis
L5/S1
52
Common cause of degenerative spondylolisthesis: Seen in: (age)
OA degeneration of facet joints Elderly
53
Common cause of isthmic spondylolisthesis: Seen in: (age)
Fracture of pars interarticularis Young patients
54
Spot Dx: Weakness in toe dorsiflexion, ankle jerk present, loss of sensation over dorsum of foot. Level affected?
L4/5
55
Spot Dx: Numbness over lateral forearm and thumb. Level affected?
C5/6
56
NOF fracture: Hip is (3 features)
Externally rotated Shortened Abducted
57
Posterior dislocation: Hip is (3 features)
Flexed Internally rotated Adducted
58
Possible nerve injury in posterior dislocation of the hip
Sciatic nerve
59
Spot Dx: Obese young child, limp, pain down medial thigh and knee
SCFE
60
SCFE age group
10-16y
61
Spot Dx: Idiopathic AVN, hip is limited in abduction and internal rotation
Perthes disease
62
Perthes disease age group
<10y
63
Spot Dx: Acute, low clinical suspicion of septic arthritis
Transient synovitis
64
Nerve injured (most common) in proximal humerus fracture eg neck of humerus fracture
Axillary nerve
65
Bone age of children: CRITOE
Capitalum: 1y Radial head: 3y Internal (medial) epicondyle: 5y Trochlea: 7y Olecranon: 9y External (lateral) epicondyle: 11y
66
Posterior dislocation of the hip: Hip is _______ and _______
Adducted and internally rotated
67
Anterior dislocation of the hip: Hip is ________ and _______
Abducted and externally rotated
68
Malunited supracondylar fracture of the elbow results in cubitus ______
Varus
69
Malunited lateral condyle fracture of the elbow results in cubitus ________
Valgus
70
Cubitus valgus carries a risk of _____________ palsy
Tardy ulnar nerve
71
Bankart lesion: Associated with __________ dislocation, and injury is an ____________
Anterior; Anterior labrum tear
72
Hill-Sachs lesion: Associated with _________ dislocation, and injury is a _____________
Anterior; Impaction fracture of posterior aspect of humeral head
73
Features of a skin graft (4)
1. No own blood supply 2. Does not require microscope to put 3. More contractures 4. Used for non-exposed bone
74
Features of a skin flap (4)
1. Own blood supply 2. Requires microscope to put 3. Less contractures 4. For bone that is exposed
75
Spot Dx: 50F c/o acute, atraumatic knee pain, 3 days. Hx: No fever, no RF. XR normal.
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK)

M3 Orthopaedic Surgery (3 decks)

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