'by 1870 Italy was united in name only essay plan

Question 1

Factors

Answer 1

• Economic and social problems
• Papal oppositions
• Monarch/local government
• The military

Question 2

Intro

Answer 2

The statement ‘by 1870 Italy was united in name only’ is partially true however there had been some progress towards making the country more politically, socially and economically unified.

Question 3

Para 1

Answer 3

Economic and social problems

Question 4

First sentence Economic and social problems

Answer 4

Economic and social problems caused many issues for the new Italian kingdom; this is because these issues enhanced the divide between the North and the south. Consequently, this led to more problems within the country like Italy’s emergence as a great power.

Question 5

Facts Economic and social problems

Answer 5

economy of the south was hampered by a lack of capital and skilled labour, south had a lack of water but the north didn’t because of the Alps, unification led to the removal of tariffs which protected the southern industry this caused industries like silk to be unable to compete with northern competition. Deindustrialisation in south, boosting economy in the north. Poverty led to high infant mortality 22.7% died before 1st birthday and 50% before 5th birthday. Poverty was caused by high unemployment, high taxes, lack of land led to seasonal migration to richer northern areas or abroad to Europe. In 1871, 120,000 emigrated.

Question 6

Analysis Economic and social problems

Answer 6

All of these social and economic problems effected the south more than north and therefore created a larger divide between the north and the south. This meant that the conservatives’ attitudes of many in the north didn’t change and as such there was no desire in the country to work with the south and improve the country as a whole. So, Italy was only united in name rather than economically and socially.

Question 7

Para 2

Answer 7

Papal opposition

Question 8

first sentence Papal opposition

Answer 8

The Pope had created problems for Italian unification since the first war of Italian independence in 1848 and this didn’t change once Italy had become geographically unified. The Papal opposition was an issue until the mid-20th century. And because of the high population of Catholics, this caused a great divide in the country.

Question 9

Facts Papal opposition

Answer 9

The pope lost 2/3 of papal land to the new kingdom. The Syllabus of Errors 1864: this was the demands the pope wanted met. Papal infallibility 1869-700; meant the pope couldn’t be wrong. And in order for the pope to be on board with Italy the law gave him his own postal service, full religious powers, his representatives at the Vatican have full diplomatic status and 3,225,000 lire per year as compensation for the loss lands. After this the Pope declared himself a prison in the Vatican when Rome was annexed in 1870.

Question 10

Analysis Papal opposition

Answer 10

This created problems financially for Italy as now they had to pay money to the pope to make up for what had been created the new kingdom, which suggests the only reason he wanted to support this kingdom was because of the compensation he was receiving. Demonstrating how Italy was only unified in Name because it’s unlikely that the 90% of Catholics in Italy wouldn’t want to support this new kingdom as strongly as they would if the pope also supported and as a consequence Italy wouldn’t gain strength as a country.

Question 11

Para 3

Answer 11

The army

Question 12

First sentence the army

Answer 12

The army played a significant role in unifying Italy geographically and this continued in the lives of Italy. The patriotic view that an army gives to a country, particularly one that has gain as much success as the Italian army after the Siege of Rome, demonstrates that the country wasn’t just unified in name.

Question 13

facts the army

Answer 13

a quarter of all spending in Italy went towards the military in order to strengthen it. In 1870 it had 15,000 officers, two thirds of these were piedmontese. They also had 215,000 soldiers and a further 2 million in reserve. Regiments were recruited in two regions, and these were never posted for more than 4 years so loyalty of troops was never divided.

Question 14

analysis the army

Answer 14

this shows the commitment of Italy to improve their country and be prepared for anything in the future. As this would help them emerge as a big state. Also moving the regiments demonstrates the commitment they have to uniting the country and developing both the north and the south. Also because of the position the army had in uniting the country and now the national life it gives Italy something to their country that suggests they are more than just a country united by name.

Question 15

Para 4

Answer 15

the monarchy and government

Question 16

First sentence the monarchy and government

Answer 16

The Monarchy and Government played an important role in unifying Italy and continued to play an important role on providing unity for a country that had previously been under many different leaders. Furthermore, as there had been many different types of government wanted such as a constitutional monarchy and a republic. Italy having a monarch and a government demonstrates how there was much more to Italy than it just being a name.

Question 17

Facts the monarchy and government

Answer 17

In the 1850s and 1860s much more emphasis on the role of parliament due to Cavour’s influence. Constitutional monarchy – Statuo 1847. House of savoy crest was on the first Italian flag – 1861. However, many consider VE a foreigner because he was from piedmont. Crimean war 1853-56.

Question 18

Analysis the monarchy and government

Answer 18

As Italy has a monarch and a government is demonstrating that here is more to the country than just a name because the government made new laws that had to be followed by the whole country and, hence demonstrating unity. Having a strong parliament and monarch would also allow Italy to emerge as a political state and further develop their country. Also as the monarchy and the government were significant in emerging piedmont as a state in Europe it reveals the strength Italy will have under these leaders.

Question 19

Conclusion

Answer 19

Partial extent as they were geographically unifed and things like the officals of the country represent a side of Italy that was strong and under the same leaders - so more than a name. But the economic divides and papal opposition create much more of an issue for the country as it means that society aren’t unified and essentially there isnt a country but rather just a state.